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The Defender

Clean Wisconsin: Your environmental voice since 1970www.cleanwisconsin.org
Welcome to the Defender, Wisconsin's environmental podcast, where we talk about the most pressing environmental issues facing Wisconsin and how you can plug in to defend our air, water, land and climate. The Defender is hosted by former radio and TV journalist Amy Barrilleaux. She'll help cut through the jargon and all the misinformation that’s out there and have real conversations about how to build a healthy, sustainable future. Every week, Amy talks with scientists, advocates, farmers, experts, and just everyday people who are working right here in Wisconsin to make a difference to protect this place we call home.
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Episodes

Ready for a REAL Energy Crisis?

The Big Beautiful Budget will have some ugly consequences. In this episode, why the fallout from Trump's budget will include bigger bills, toxic emissions, and yep - more risk of blackouts. Host: Amy Barrilleaux Guest: Ciaran Gallagher, PhD, Energy & Air Manager, Clean Wisconsin Resources for You: Join Clean Wiscosin's Action Network...

Jul 07, 202524 minEp. 46

Cows, Tall Grass & Wind Turbines

Have you ever wondered what it’s like to stand next to a wind turbine? You're about to find out. In this epsiode, Amy meets 2nd generation Wisconsin farmer Jerry Cigelske at his Columbia County farm to talk about about why cows, grass and windmills have been the key to keeping his family on the land. Host: Amy Barrilleaux Guest: Jerry Cigelske, Columbia County farmer Resources for You: Wisconsin-grown clean energy Showing up for Wind in Wisconsin Cows in the Woods: What it takes to create a silv...

Jun 30, 202525 minEp. 45

Pesticides and Our Health

If you are a regular listener, you have heard of neonicotinoids, a class of neurotoxins used on food crops all over the state and country. And it turns out, neonics are hurting a lot more than pollinators - like fish, birds, small mammals and potentially people. On this episode, what we know about the impacts of neonic pesticides on our bodies and how to limit exposure. Host: Amy Barrilleaux Guest: Kayla Rinderknecht, Population Health Fellow, Clean Wisconsin Resources for You: Episode 43: The h...

Jun 16, 202527 minEp. 44

The hidden pesticides that could be lurking in your pollinator garden

You never know when a life-changing moment is going to come. For Sarah Savage, owner of Tend Native Plants, it came when she picked up a book about pollinators. Amy meets Sarah at her small plant nursery in Blue Mounds, Wis., to talk about the hidden pesticides that could be lurking in our gardens and how to make sure the flowers we buy are truly pollinator-friendly. Host: Amy Barrilleaux Guest: Sarah Savage, Tend Native Plants Resources for You: Tend Native Plants Episode 33: Wisconsin's bees a...

Jun 09, 202519 minEp. 43

Wisconsin's Class of 2025: The bright future of clean energy

What’s it going to take to make clean energy Wisconsin’s new normal? It helps to have a bunch of fresh-faced new college graduates ready to take on the world. UW Platteville has a 100% placement rate for graduates in Sustainability and Renewable Energy Systems. Hear from Renee Stram who just got her diploma--and a job--about her optimistic take on fighting climate change. Host: Amy Barrilleaux Guest: Renne Stram, UW Platteville graduate Resources for You: UW Platteville Sustainability & Clea...

Jun 01, 202516 minEp. 42

Meet Wisconsin's Conservation Dogs!

Where to Listen: It's not easy to locate and document Wisconsin's endangered species, but luckily Ernie and Betty White are on the case! They are two of Wisconsin’s specially-trained conservation dogs, and they could be the secret to finding some of our state’s most threated species. Host: Amy Barrilleaux Guests: Laura Holder, Owner, Conservation Dogs Collective Betty White, Ernie, and Boxie Resources for You: Conservation Dogs Collective Episode 33: Wisconsin's bees are acting weird. Here's why...

May 19, 202520 minEp. 41

Surprising environmental impacts of solar in Wisconsin

Many farmers are choosing to integrate solar panels into their fields. Now a new analysis shows that decision can impact a lot more than energy costs and the climate. Putting solar panels on conventional farmland can actually change the environment where those panels are located--for the better. Host: Amy Barrilleaux Guest: Dr. Paul Mathewson, Clean WIsconsin Resouces for You: Integrating solar into conventional farmland can restore soil health, provide habitat for native pollinators and improve...

May 12, 202528 minEp. 40

The Truth about No Mow May

No Mow May is here, but is it the best way to protect pollinators in our yards? Amy walks through a typical Wisconsin yard with pollinator expert Elizabeth Braatz to learn if No Mow May really works. Host: Amy Barrilleaux Guest: Elizabeth Braatz, Bumble Bee Brigade Coordinator and Terrestrial Insect Ecologist, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Resources for You: Wisconsin Bumble Bee Brigade Saving Wisconsin’s Native Pollinators Corn Ethanol vs. Solar: A Land Use Comparison...

May 05, 202524 minEp. 39

Solar's Hype Girl: Meet the advocate convincing Wisconsinites to let the sunshine in

if you look around at houses, schools, churches--you’re probably seeing more and more solar panels on their rooftops. A lot of that is thanks to federal incentives through the Inflation Reduction Act that make solar more affordable. But those programs are now at risk of being cut, and tariffs could be pushing the low solar costs we’ve been seeing much higher. Fortunately, solar has a pretty determined advocate who’s spreading the word about how solar works for Wisconsin. Host: Amy Barrilleaux Gu...

Apr 28, 202532 minEp. 38

The long list of Trump Administration attacks on our environment

Clean Wisconsin has been keeping track of the many attacks on bedrock environmental safeguards being carried out by the Trump Administration. Dozens of rules and regulations that protect our air, water, land, endangered species and more are being targeted. With so much happening in such a short time, how do you know what’s important, what’s just a lot of bluster, and what’s even legal? Host: Amy Barrilleaux Guest: Brett Korte, Clean Wisconsin attorney Resources for You: Running list of attacks o...

Apr 21, 202522 minEp. 37

Feast or Famine: What’s ahead for Wisconsin’s weather?

There is no question the winters of our childhood are disappearing. In 2024, a rainy January gave way to tornadoes in February, flooding in June and drought in July and August. So what is next for Wisconsin and how can we prepare? In this episode, Amy talks with Wisconsin's state climatologist about what could be the new normal for our state. Host: Amy Barrilleaux Guest: Steve Vavrus, Wisconsin State Climatologist Resources for You: Wisconsin Initiative on Climate Change Impacts Wisconsin 2024 A...

Apr 14, 202536 minEp. 36

Microplastics are in our bodies: How much do they hurt us?

We are breathing in and ingesting tiny plastic particles called microplastics and nanoplastics all the time. According to a recent study, tissues in a typical adult brain contains the equivalent of a plastic spoon’s worth of plastic particles. In this episode, find out what all that plastic accumulating in our brains, arteries and reproductive systems could mean for our health--and what we can do about it. Host: Amy Barrilleaux Guest: Kayla Rinderknecht, Population Health Fellow, Clean Wisconsin...

Apr 07, 202534 minEp. 35

Farmers for Solar

It’s no secret, Wisconsin has been rapidly losing its family farms, and with them, a way of life that’s defined much of our state for more than a century. But there’s a lifeline. In this episode, a southeastern Wisconsin farmer explains why he's trading in some of his ethanol corn -- for a chance to farm the sun. Host: Amy Barrilleaux Guest: Jay Wednt, farmer, Dean Kincaid, Inc. Resources for you: Analysis reveals solar farms produce 100 times more energy per acre than corn ethanol Farmers for S...

Mar 31, 202517 minEp. 34

Wisconsin’s bees are acting weird. Here’s why.

Imagine feeling not quite yourself. You don’t feel like taking care of your kids. You can’t find your way to work anymore, don’t want to hang out with anybody. It would be awful. But it’s happening to bees all around us. Turns out a pesticide used on virtually all of our corn and soybeans, is harming our pollinators at very low levels of exposure in ways that are rarely studied. On this episode, hear from a University of Wisconsin Madison researcher who’s been looking at the lives of bees and th...

Mar 24, 202535 minEp. 33

From Grain to Glass: Why you should be drinking beer brewed with Kernza® grain

What if I told you there was a grain that doesn’t have to be replanted every spring, that has roots growing 10-feet deep, taking in carbon and holding it deep in the soil, that helps prevent soil erosion and excess fertilizer from washing into our lakes--AND it makes a tasty beer. In this episode, a look at the work behind an experimental batch of Kernza® beer at Karben4 Brewing in Madison that has the farming research world taking notice. Host: Amy Barrilleaux Guest: Joe Walts, Karben4 Brewing ...

Mar 17, 202520 minEp. 32

How to defend climate progress in WI and beyond

“Action is the antidote to despair.” On this episode we look at how to move forward on climate when it feels like our federal government is determined to push us backward. Learn about actions you can take right now, right here in Wisconsin to defend progress. And hear from climate advocate and Wisconsin farmer Chelsea Chandler on climate strategy in the age of "drill baby drill." Host: Amy Barrilleaux Guest: Chelsea Chandler Resources for you: Clean Wisconsin Take Action Analysis: Solar farms pr...

Mar 10, 202540 minEp. 31

Our Salty Waters: Are you using too much road salt?

In the wintertime, Wisconsin is one salty place. It’s all over our cars – in our cars – tracked into buildings, all over our shoes and boots. It’s a mess. Thankfully salt season is almost over, but it’s never over for our lakes or even our drinking water wells. Find out what happens to all that salt when winter is over, and hear from an advocate who's working to teach all of us out to be salt wise. Host: Amy Barrilleaux Guest: Allison Madison, WI Salt Wise More Resources for You: WI Salt Wise we...

Mar 03, 202524 minEp. 30

Trump’s Threat to Safe Water (and how WI can fight back)

We are about to say goodbye to some basic water protections as the Trump Administration looks to undo decades of science-based work focused on keeping toxic chemicals out of our water supplies. Right now on the Defender, Amy talks with Clean Wisconsin attorney Evan Feinauer about how bedrock protections like the Clean Water Act could be at risk as the new administration targets regulations, research, and expert staff at the EPA. Find out what’s at stake and how Wisconsin can fight back. Host: Am...

Feb 24, 202538 minEp. 29

Leaded Skies: A small town's fight against leaded aviation fuel

Lead is a neurotoxin, and when you breathe it in, it gets into your bloodstream and can cause all kinds of health problems, including brain damage. It’s no wonder leaded gasoline was banned in the US nearly 30 years ago. But that ban didn’t cover small aircraft fuel. Turns out, those small airplanes buzzing around recreational airports across the state and country still use leaded gas. The planes are spreading tiny lead particles over people’s backyards, water wells, playgrounds, soccer fields a...

Feb 17, 202522 minEp. 28

Opening the door to joy: One woman’s journey to get fossil fuels out of her home

If you care about the environment, protecting this planet, our home, our livable climate, chances are you’re a little stressed out right now. But what if I told you that environmental action can open the door… to joy. Heat from a Wisconsin woman who started on a journey a few years ago to get fossil fuels out of her home. No furnace, no gas stove, no gas hot water heater. She takes us on a tour of her house and shares her perspective on activism and the joy she finds in taking personal responsib...

Feb 10, 202543 minEp. 27

Introducing the Defender

True to its name, this podcast, State of Change is about to undergo some big changes. The first – a new name. Going forward, this will be the Defender podcast. If that name sounds familiar, it’s because it’s the same name as Clean Wisconsin’s quarterly newspaper, the longest-running environmental advocacy publication in Wisconsin, the Defender . And right now, that advocacy, that word “Defender” is so important. Environmentalism needs a voice, now more than ever. We’re also going to be rolling o...

Feb 06, 20252 minEp. 26

How to Eat for the Environment

It’s food season, also known as the holidays! And what you choose to put on your plate actually has an impact on the world around you. Agriculture is not only big business across the Midwest, it is also a major source of water pollution in Wisconsin and a major and growing source greenhouse gas emissions. But how do you make it better? In this episode, Amy talks with Kathryn (Kata) Young, Natural Climate Solutions Manager with Clean Wisconsin, about the places where eating and our environment co...

Dec 09, 202424 minEp. 25

What Trump 2.0 means for our environment

What does a new, better-prepared Trump Administration mean for the water we drink, the air we breathe, the safety of our food, our climate? We know a long list of federal environmental protections and programs will be rolled back or dismantled during the next presidential administration. We’re talking about erasing new standards for toxic PFAS chemicals in our drinking water, pulling out of the Paris Climate Agreement, diminishing wetland protections, pulling funding to replace lead pipes, under...

Nov 10, 202434 minEp. 24

Neurotoxins On Our Plates

For the past 25 years, we've been putting neurotoxins on our food. Neonicotinoids are potent chemicals that attack the central nervous systems of insects. Not only are they widely used on our food and in our soil, they're showing up in our drinking water in Wisconsin. And that leads to a big question -- what do they do to us? In this episode, Amy uncovers the truth about neonicotinoids with experts from Clean Wisconsin and the Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection. Host: Amy B...

Oct 13, 202423 minEp. 23

A Case for Optimism: The energy transition we need, and what's standing in the way

What's it going to take to get Wisconsin to 100% clean energy? If you listen to the state's biggest power companies, it's more methane gas. Wisconsin is on the verge of an expensive gas construction boom if utilities like We Energies in Alliant Energy have their way. But what about wind and solar? Is it possible for Wisconsin to finally trade in fossil fuels for clean energy right now? Amy talks with energy expert Dr. Ciaran Gallagher. Host: Amy Barrilleaux Guest: Dr. Ciaran Gallagher, Energy Ma...

Sep 16, 202423 minEp. 22

All the Money in the World: The cost of removing PFAS from our environment

New research reveals how much it would cost to remove toxic PFAS 'forever' chemicals from the environment at the same rate we're currently producing and using them. Spoiler alert: we don't have enough money in the world . Hear from the researcher behind the study who says it should inspire optimism not hopelessness in the face of our growing PFAS problem. Host: Amy Barrilleaux Guest: Ali Ling, PhD Background Reading: The Future of Persistent 'Forever" Chemicals Under the Lens: What we know about...

Aug 18, 202421 minEp. 21

Supreme Court Power Grab

What keeps you safe -- when you drink water, take medicine, get on an airplane, or take out a loan? It’s often a government agency charged with implementing our health, safety and consumer protection laws. But recent rulings by the U.S. Supreme Court have cast a long shadow. Legal experts say the rulings point to a Court that is actively working to unravel longstanding protections and policies, not just for the environment but across the board, and the harm will be far reaching. Host: Amy Barril...

Jul 08, 202430 minEp. 20

Who Are the Science Moms?

How do you get people to start paying attention to the urgency of climate change? Just like the name says, Science Moms is a growing non-partisan group of scientists and mothers who are spreading the word about our climate and joining forces to demand change from our leaders. Amy talks with UW Madison professor Dr. Tracey Holloway, who is a member of Science Moms. Host: Amy Barrilleaux Guest: Tracey Holloway, Professor of Environmental Studies & Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences at the Univer...

Jun 02, 202418 minEp. 19

Three Cheers for Climate Beer!

What if there was a grain that didn’t have to be replanted every year? One with deep roots that stay in the soil, trap carbon, prevent erosion, filter water. Kernza – the world’s first perennial grain crop – could be a game changer when it comes to sustainable food production and using our land to help fight climate change. But the big question: does is make a good beer? In this episode, Amy heads to Lakefront Brewery in Milwaukee to find out. Kernza® is the trademark name for the grain of an in...

May 10, 202416 minEp. 18

No Mow May: Does it work?

No Mow May is here, but does it really make a difference in the battle to save our bees and butterflies? Amy walks through a typical Wisconsin yard with pollinator expert Elizabeth Braatz. Host: Amy Barrilleaux Guest: Elizabeth Braatz, Bumble Bee Brigade Coordinator and Terrestrial Insect Ecologist, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Background Reading: Wisconsin Bumble Bee Brigade Saving Wisconsin's Native Pollinators Corn Ethanol vs. Solar: A Land Use Comparison...

Apr 27, 202423 minEp. 17
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