From long-lost Viking ships to kings buried in unexpected places; from murders and power politics, to myths, religion, the lives of ordinary people: Gone Medieval is History Hit’s podcast dedicated to the middle ages, in Europe and far beyond.
New episodes every Tuesday and Friday.
A podcast by History Hit, the world's best history channel and creators of award-winning podcasts Dan Snow's History Hit, The Ancients, and Betwixt the Sheets.
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This episode delves into the debated role of a papal banner in the 1066 Norman Conquest, questioning the long-held narrative that Pope Alexander II sanctioned William the Conqueror's invasion. Historian Daniel Armstrong examines why William of Poitiers' account, the sole contemporary source, may be a deliberate fiction designed to legitimize William's rule and actions. The discussion explores medieval concepts of truth and how papal support was genuinely granted to vulnerable rulers, not for offensive conquests.
This episode delves into the surprising and ubiquitous role of eels in medieval English life, from their use as a primary food source and even currency to their theological significance and presence in cultural metaphors. Dr. John Wyatt Greenlee explores historical records and stories, contrasting this past importance with the eel's current critically endangered status and advocating for modern conservation efforts. Discover how these slimy creatures were once central to the British economy and identity.
Dr. Euan Roger from The National Archives joins Matt Lewis to explore the fascinating world of medieval documents. They delve into TNA's history, the challenges of preserving records, and innovative research methods like using marginalia and warrants to uncover hidden stories. The discussion also touches on pre-modern responses to pandemics and an upcoming exhibition on high treason.
This episode delves into surprising evidence suggesting Viking presence in the Azores centuries before Portuguese discovery. Evolutionary biologist Dr. Jeremy Searle explains how genetic similarities between Azorean and northern European house mice, acting as "living artifacts," indicate early Norse visitation. This unexpected finding is further supported by recent archaeological studies showing human activity on the islands from around 800 AD, painting a richer picture of the Atlantic's complex exploration history.
Join Matt Lewis and Dave Musgrove as they explore the Bayeux Tapestry, a pivotal piece of medieval art depicting the Norman Conquest. They discuss its enigmatic creation, likely patronage by Odo of Bayeux, and its role as a Norman propaganda tool, subtly justifying William's invasion. The episode also highlights significant omissions, such as the Battle of Stamford Bridge and the rightful claimant Edgar Ætheling, revealing how the tapestry shaped historical understanding for centuries and continues to influence our view of 1066.
Dr. Martin Goldberg discusses the Galloway Hoard, Britain's rarest Viking-age treasure discovered in 2014. The discussion covers its discovery, acquisition, historical context in medieval Scotland, and the fascinating variety of objects, including a silver vessel from Central Asia, runic arm rings, and mysterious "dirt balls" believed to be pilgrimage relics. The episode also explores the deeper motivations behind hoarding, beyond mere safekeeping, and the ongoing research revealing hundreds of ancient lives connected to this extraordinary collection.
Matt Lewis speaks with author Mary Wellesley about her book, "Hidden Hands: The Lives of Manuscripts and Their Makers," delving into the physical aspects and creators of medieval manuscripts. They discuss the differences between a manuscript and a text, the laborious process of their creation, and the fluidity of narratives before print. The episode highlights fascinating discoveries like the St Cuthbert Gospel and Margery Kempe's book, the impact of the 1731 Ashburnham House fire, and the collaborative artistry and often anonymous scribes, including significant contributions from women.
Dr. Emma Brownlee discusses her extensive research into 33,000 early medieval graves across Europe, revealing dramatic shifts in burial practices after the Roman Empire's fall. The episode explores the purpose of grave goods, challenges historical narratives like Bede's, and uncovers how changes in burial customs spread across the continent due to trade and shared ideas. It also delves into unique practices like bed burials and how status display evolved.
Delving into the controversial figure of Richard III, this episode re-examines his life from a Ricardian perspective. It covers his tumultuous childhood during the Wars of the Roses, his rise as Duke of Gloucester with a reputation for justice, and the complex events that led to his unexpected accession to the throne. The discussion scrutinizes historical accusations and portrays Richard as a progressive social reformer, ultimately challenging the Tudor narrative of a monstrous tyrant leading up to his final stand at Bosworth.
Historian Seb Falk joins Dr. Kat Jarman to dismantle the misconception of the Middle Ages as a scientifically backward period. They explore the true meaning of "science" in medieval times, discussing the discovery of a significant astronomical manuscript, the life of monk John of Westwick, and the advanced astronomical clock of St Albans. The conversation highlights the church's encouragement of scientific inquiry, the accessibility of knowledge, and the enduring myths about medieval intellectual life.
Matt Lewis and Dr. Emma Wells delve into the multifaceted world of medieval pilgrimage, discussing its origins beyond Christianity, its role in penance, healing, and personal enlightenment, and its significant economic contributions to building grand cathedrals. They explore the different social strata of pilgrims, the role of local versus long-distance journeys, and the symbolic importance of pilgrim badges. The episode also draws parallels between medieval devotion to relics and modern celebrity culture, highlighting the enduring human need for tangible connections to revered figures and the past, tracing how pilgrimage evolved into modern tourism in the British Isles.
This episode delves into the critical, yet often overlooked, early medieval history of London, tracing its journey from a post-Roman ghost town to a resilient Anglo-Saxon megacity. Guest Dr. Rory Naismith explains how London's strategic location, its evolution as a trading center (Lundenwic), and its robust defense against Viking attacks under figures like Alfred the Great laid the foundation for its future as a global metropolis. The discussion also covers the daily life of Londoners, their unique community organization, and how traces of this rich Saxon past can still be experienced in the modern city.
Historian Gemma Hollman joins Matt Lewis to uncover the surprising history of witchcraft accusations against noblewomen and queens in medieval England, particularly in the 15th century. They discuss how the concept of witchcraft evolved, its blurred lines with medicine and science, and its potent use as a political tool to discredit powerful women and their male relatives. Through compelling cases like Joan of Navarre, Eleanor Cobham, and the Woodville mother-daughter duo, the episode reveals the devastating impact of these often-fabricated charges and the strategic motivations behind them.
Delve into the surprising political and military power held by medieval women, a concept often overlooked. The discussion begins with the Birka Viking grave discovery, which revealed a female warrior, sparking a re-evaluation of historical narratives. The episode then explores the lives of powerful figures like Aethelflaed of Mercia, Gerberga of Saxony, and Olga of Kiev, demonstrating their strategic leadership and influence, and examines the broader societal factors that enabled their roles.
The leopard coin, which is considered the last 'unsuccessful' was re-called shortly after release. But did this coinage make more of an impact than we know? Matt is joined by Dr. Helen Geake, archaeologist and Finds liaison officer in Norfolk for The Portable Antiquities Scheme to discuss the significance of the discovery. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
This episode delves into the sensational 2017 discovery of the Gjellestad Viking ship burial in Norway, the first of its scale in over a century. Professor Jan Bill discusses the ship's preliminary dating to around 800 AD, its construction, and the surprising details gleaned from limited grave contents. The conversation also explores the intriguing political motivations behind ancient grave robberies, likely tied to figures like Harold Bluetooth, and the broader symbolism of ship burials as powerful dynastic statements. Finally, they highlight the potential for future research to uncover settlement patterns and trade connections in the region.
Join Matt Lewis and Rachel Morley, Director of 'The Friends of Friendless Churches,' as they uncover the fascinating history and ongoing efforts to save Britain's medieval churches. They discuss the historical reasons for decline, from the Black Death and rural abandonment to modern threats like secularism and online services. The episode highlights the profound cultural, spiritual, and architectural importance of these sites, exploring their unique locations, vernacular charm, and the hidden stories they hold, including ancient relics and wall paintings. Discover why these buildings, often overlooked, are crucial links to our past and how their preservation enriches our collective heritage.
Delve into the enigmatic reign of Harald Bluetooth, the 10th-century Danish king famous for uniting Denmark and Christianizing its people, whose name inspired modern wireless technology. This episode highlights the remarkable archaeological discovery of his meticulously planned Ring Fortresses, including the recently found Borgring. Experts discuss how advanced dating techniques reshaped historical understanding of these sites, revealing their probable role as defensive strongholds built rapidly in response to an imminent threat rather than mere symbols of conquest. The ongoing search for more such fortresses and their lasting legacy are also explored.
Join military historian Dr. Dan Spencer as he discusses the use of castles in the Wars of the Roses, from Harlech's prolonged siege to northern garrisons near the Scottish border. The conversation also explores how castles served as vital headquarters and symbols of power. Additionally, Spencer traces the development and impact of early gunpowder weapons, revealing their production, inherent dangers, and surprisingly high reliability on the battlefield during this transformative period in medieval warfare.
This episode delves into human sacrifice, questioning its definition and exploring its role in early medieval Europe and beyond. Dr. Marianne Moen discusses how "sacrifice" is often a Western-centric term, examining written accounts like Ibn Fadlan's and challenging archaeological interpretations. The discussion also covers the societal reasons for such acts, the perceived value of human life compared to other offerings, and the complex interplay between religion and social control.
This episode explores the legend of King Arthur through the lens of Winchester's famous Round Table. Dr. Katherine Weikert discusses how medieval kings like Edward I and Henry VIII used the Arthurian myth to legitimize their rule and project power, even subverting the table's original meaning of equality. The discussion also covers Winchester's historical importance, how it became linked to Arthurian lore, and the complex nature of chivalry as a social contract among nobles.
This episode delves into the much-maligned rule of Æthelred the Unready, re-evaluating his historical reputation. Historian Levi Roach discusses how Æthelred's infamous nickname, "the Unready," is a mistranslation and a post-conquest coinage. The discussion covers his tumultuous succession, strategic marriages, and complex efforts to manage relentless Viking incursions through tribute and alliances, including the controversial St Brice's Day Massacre and archaeological evidence. Ultimately, the episode explores how internal and external pressures shaped his long and challenging reign.
Discover the realities of medieval childbirth, a "great leveller" that spared no woman, rich or poor. The discussion covers unique birthing practices, the role of midwives, and a range of fertility treatments, from the bizarre to the surprisingly sound. It also delves into the intense social pressures on noblewomen to produce heirs, the stigma of infertility, and the often-fatal complications women faced, offering a fascinating glimpse into a dangerous, yet deeply human, aspect of medieval life.
This episode delves into the profound impact of medieval linear earthworks, specifically Offa's Dyke and Wat's Dyke, on shaping the Anglo-Welsh border. Professor Howard Williams explains how these massive structures served diverse functions—from military defense and trade control to ideological statements of Mercian power—and highlights the ongoing challenge of understanding their origins and raising awareness about the lesser-known Wat's Dyke.
Delve into the fascinating history of medieval tithe barns, built to store the 10% produce owed to the church. Joseph Rogers explains how to identify these architectural relics, distinguishing them from other medieval barns and tracing their origins and geographical spread across England. The discussion covers their social impact, the disputes they sparked, and their remarkable adaptation over centuries, surviving monastic dissolution to serve diverse modern purposes, from farming to unique cultural venues.
Historian Michael Livingston discusses the Battle of Brunanburh, a 10th-century clash between King Athelstan of England and a massive alliance of Vikings, Scots, and Britons, which he argues was an existential fight for England's survival. The episode explores the complex political climate, the battle's tactical details, the ongoing mystery of its location, and new archaeological evidence supporting the Wirral as the site. It also examines the battle's profound long-term consequences, solidifying England's identity and shaping the future of the British Isles.
Matt Lewis and author Annie Garthwaite delve into the life of Cecily Neville, mother of Edward IV and Richard III, through her debut novel, "Cecily". The discussion explores Cecily's long and influential medieval life, her powerful family background, and her pragmatic political views amidst the tumultuous Wars of the Roses. Annie shares insights into her research, the balance of historical accuracy and artistic license, and the challenges of reconstructing the lives of aristocratic medieval women, revealing her significant impact on her sons and the nation's destiny.
This episode delves into the accidental discovery of Viking Age burials on Papa Westray, Orkney, including a rare boat burial and a richly furnished weapon grave. Field archaeologist Lindsey Dunbar shares insights into the challenging excavations, the unique finds, and the planned post-excavation analysis, which aims to uncover more about these Vikings and their origins. The discussion also touches on the potential for a larger, previously unknown Viking cemetery.
Dr. Joanna Laynesmith examines the vital historical discipline of medieval queenship, revealing how these women transcended their traditional roles. The discussion covers the evolving expectations of queens, from ensuring heirs and securing alliances to managing vast households and serving as political intercessors. It also explores their financial independence, the challenges of public opinion, and the unique power dynamics of dowager queens, demonstrating their profound impact on medieval England's power politics.
Join Dr. Kat Jarman and Dr. Eleanor Rye to uncover the fascinating medieval origins of the English language. This episode delves into the impact of successive migrations—from early Germanic speakers to Vikings and Normans—on English vocabulary, grammar, and regional dialects. Discover how linguists reconstruct ancient languages, the societal pressures that led to English dominance, and how events like the Norman Conquest shaped the language we speak today. A journey through historical linguistics using place names and present-day speech as evidence.
