Have you ever wondered how the air we breathe can cause respiratory irritation? What is in that haze or smog that sometimes blankets urban cities? Sure, it probably contains chemicals and maybe even smoke - but there's a lot more to it than just a chemical soup. In today's Livestream we're going to deep dive into particulate matter, or PM and review what's known about the fungal contribution. Then we're going to look at the inflammatory potential of mould fragments in the PM2.5 and PM10 and ultra small size ranges (yes, even down to the nanoscale). Then we'll look at how cytokines are involved. From this perspective, we'll then look into the connection between particulate matter and the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 infection levels. There's some excellent emerging research saying that the worse the PM, the higher the number of cases of COVID-19. Watch the livestream to see if it's just the presence of PM that causes for example an immune reaction, perhaps pre-disposing people to SARS-CoV-2 or if the particles themselves are transmitting the virus.
REFERENCES:
SARS-Cov-2 RNA Found on Particulate Matter of Bergamo in Northern Italy: First Preliminary Evidence
Leonardo Setti, Fabrizio Passarini, Gianluigi De Gennaro, Pierluigi Baribieri, Maria Grazia Perrone, Massimo Borelli, Jolanda Palmisani, Alessia Di Gilio, Valentina Torboli, Alberto Pallavicini, Maurizio Ruscio, PRISCO PISCITELLI, Alessandro Miani
medRxiv 2020.04.15.20065995; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.15.20065995
The Potential role of Particulate Matter in the Spreading of COVID-19 in Northern Italy: First Evidence-based Research Hypotheses
Leonardo Setti, Fabrizio Passarini, Gianluigi De Gennaro, Pierluigi Barbieri, Maria Grazia Perrone, Andrea Piazzalunga, Massimo Borelli, Jolanda Palmisani, Alessia Di Gilio, PRISCO PISCITELLI, Alessandro Miani
medRxiv 2020.04.11.20061713; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.11.20061713
Initial evidence of higher morbidity and mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 in regions with lower air quality
Riccardo Pansini, Davide Fornacca
medRxiv 2020.04.04.20053595; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.04.20053595
Posted April 16, 2020.
An effect assessment of Airborne particulate matter pollution on COVID-19: A multi-city Study in China
Bo Wang, Jiangtao Liu, Shihua Fu, Xiaocheng Xu, Lanyu Li, Yueling Ma, Ji Zhou, Jinxi Yao, Xingrong Liu, Xiuxia Zhang, Xiaotao He, Jun Yan, Yanjun Shi, Xiaowei Ren, Jingping Niu, Bin Luo, Kai zhang
medRxiv 2020.04.09.20060137; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.20060137
Holme JA, Øya E, Afanou AKJ, Øvrevik J, Eduard W. Characterization and pro-inflammatory potential of indoor mold particles [published online ahead of print, 2020 Feb 20]. Indoor Air. 2020;10.1111/ina.12656. doi:10.1111/ina.12656, https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12656
Yan D, Zhang T, Su J et al. Diversity and Composition of Airborne Fungal Community Associated with Particulate Matters in Beijing during Haze and Non-haze Days. Front Microbiol. 2016;7. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00487
Li, C.Y., Ding, M.S., Yang, Y., Zhang, P.C., Li, Y., Wang,Y.C., Huang, L.C., Yang, P.J., Wang, M., Sha, X., Xu, Y.M., Guo, C.W. and Shan,Z.W. (2016) Portrait and Classification of Individual Haze Particulates. Journal of Environmental Protection, 7, 1355-1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2016.710118
Schaible, H. Nociceptive neurons detect cytokines in arthr