In part one of a four-part mini-series on Scotland, we'll explore some unusual Scottish traditions. From the mythical haggis "creature" to the Highland Games, the deep-fried Mars bar to the mysterious taste of Irn-Bru's, and finish up with five intriguing facts about Scotland's national instrument the bagpipes. Unusual Scottish traditions and facts Haggis: a Scottish dish, not an animal Burns Night: reading "Address to a Haggis" Highland Games: sports, music, celebrations Tossing the caber, hamm...
Apr 11, 2024•18 min•Transcript available on Metacast Today, we uncover the controversial story of Prince Andrew, the black sheep of the British royal family. From his ties to Jeffrey Epstein to his car crash interview, we explore the life of Queen Elizabeth's second son, Prince Andrew, The Duke Of York. Prince Andrew's controversial involvement with Jeffrey Epstein The infamous BBC interview with Emily Maitlis The questionable alibi involving Pizza Express in Woking Being stripped of his military titles and royal patronages His scandalous post-Fal...
Apr 04, 2024•17 min•Transcript available on Metacast In this episode, we'll explore the story of Fredric Tudor, the man who revolutionised the global ice transportation market in the 19th century. We'll learn about Tudor's bold vision, his struggles, the enduring legacy he left behind, and why he fully deserves the name of "The Ice King". Frederic Tudor, "The Ice King" The invention of the global ice transportation market Challenges of transporting ice From Boston to the Caribbean and India Technological advances in ice transportation Importance o...
Mar 21, 2024•23 min•Transcript available on Metacast In part three of our mini-series on fertility, we'll explore the intriguing world of future fertility possibilities. From creating eggs out of skin cells to the concept of artificial wombs, we'll explore the groundbreaking technologies that could revolutionise how we reproduce. IVF: In vitro fertilisation Future of fertility technology IVG: In-vitro gametogenesis Artificial wombs for premature babies Implications for single-sex couples Ethical concerns about technology End of traditional reprodu...
Mar 14, 2024•20 min•Transcript available on Metacast In part one of a three-part mini-series, we'll look at the global trend of shrinking populations and what it signifies for the future. Is the world's population really in decline, what are the reasons for this, and what does it mean for the world? Global population trends and downward fertility rates Demographic shifts and the replacement rate for stability Factors influencing declining birth rates globally Increasing gender equality and delayed childbearing Cost of raising children and economic...
Mar 07, 2024•23 min•Transcript available on Metacast In this episode, we'll learn about the dramatic story behind the controversial 1978 FIFA World Cup in Argentina. From political corruption to unexplained favours, we'll explore what has come to be called the "Dirtiest World Cup in History". 1978 FIFA World Cup in Argentina Dirty tactics off the pitch Brutal military dictatorship backdrop Political influence on the games Allegations of bribery and corruption Controversies around hosting the cup Victory marred by suspicions Notable protests and cr...
Feb 29, 2024•21 min•Transcript available on Metacast In the final part of our mini-series on slavery, we'll explore the unsettling reality of modern slavery, exploring its prevalence and forms in our world today. From deceptive promises to exploitation and control, we uncover how slavery lurks in the shadows, but there are more slaves in the modern world than at any point in human history. Growth and abolition of historical slavery Overview of modern slavery Statistics on modern slavery Prevalence and hotspots of modern slavery Categories of moder...
Feb 22, 2024•20 min•Transcript available on Metacast In part one of a three-part series on slavery, we'll explore the role of slavery in the ancient world. We'll explore how slaves were treated legally, some moral objections to slavery, and how forced labour powered many ancient civilisations we look up to. Legal codes regarding slaves Different ways people became slaves Role of philosophy in justifying slavery Varied tasks of ancient slaves Female slaves' dual role The economic significance of slaves The absence of opposition to slavery Compariso...
Feb 15, 2024•19 min•Transcript available on Metacast It's a short, feel-good tale about a lion called Christian. In this episode, we'll be telling the heartwarming true story of Christian's unique journey and his special bond with his owners. London in the 1960s: Description of 1960s Chelsea as a cultural hub John Rendall and Ace Bourke, Australians in London Encounter at Harrods "Pet Kingdom": Lion cub for sale Lack of regulations for owning a lion in 1960s London Life with Christian in London: Challenges of raising a lion in a flat Desire to sen...
Feb 08, 2024•17 min•Transcript available on Metacast It is a fascinating story that gets you thinking about the age of responsibility, the nature of citizenship, and the ethical dilemmas surrounding the fate of individuals who joined extremist groups. In this episode, we'll be talking about Shamima Begum, a young lady who had her British citizenship revoked after leaving the country to join the Islamic State. Shamima Begum's departure to Syria at 15 Begum's life in ISIS, marriage, and involvement in enforcing strict standards Begum's reappearance ...
Feb 01, 2024•19 min•Transcript available on Metacast It's the story of how artists from a small, somewhat unexpected country became global music sensations, amassing devoted fans and making billions in the process. In this episode, we'll be talking about the rise of K-Pop, the strategic role of the Korean government, and the global phenomenon that is BTS. Introduction to K-Pop: Impact on global music and pop culture South Korea's unlikely rise to a musical powerhouse Post-Korean War, the influence of American soldiers on Korean music Government In...
Jan 25, 2024•23 min•Transcript available on Metacast Millions worldwide dedicate their lives to research, striving for medical breakthroughs and enhancing our understanding of the human body. But occasionally, they make mistakes. In this episode, we'll explore three instances where scientific breakthroughs were announced but later proven to be mistakes. Scientific Studies in Media Case 1: Faster Than Light Neutrinos 2012 CERN press conference: Einstein was wrong Investigation reveals a fault in the fibre optic cable Case 2: Cold Fusion Fiasco 1989...
Jan 18, 2024•19 min•Transcript available on Metacast It's the idea that humans can enhance our bodies with the use of technology, all in a bid to allow us to break free from our biological reality. In this episode, we'll be talking about the roots of transhumanism, the quest for radical life extension, and the ethical dilemmas surrounding the enhancement of human abilities. Introduction to Transhumanism Historical Roots of Transhumanism Medical Technology Advancements Core Concepts of Transhumanism Radical Life Extension Cognitive Enhancement thro...
Jan 11, 2024•23 min•Transcript available on Metacast He is probably the most famous whistleblower in the world after having leaked vast amounts of sensitive US government information back in 2013. In this episode, we'll be telling the story of Edward Snowden, asking ourselves whether he is a great American patriot or a traitor. Edward Snowden's background and early life Snowden's disillusionment with the CIA and government practices Snowden's decision to leak classified information Size and significance of the leaked data Snowden's escape to Hong ...
Jan 04, 2024•22 min•Transcript available on Metacast A New Year's Eve celebration isn't always fireworks. Sometimes it's colourful underwear, dark-haired men rushing into Scottish houses, and smashing plates. In this episode, we'll explore the most unusual New Year's Eve traditions around the world. Origins of Unusual Traditions Italian Red Underwear Tradition Scottish First Footing Ritual Scottish Hogmanay Celebrations Dangerous Johannesburg Tradition Spanish Twelve Grapes Tradition Japanese Temple Bell Ritual Danish Plate Smashing Full interacti...
Dec 28, 2023•16 min•Transcript available on Metacast It's an idea and a way of life that is all about doing good, helping others, and improving the world in the most efficient way possible. In this episode, we'll be talking about Effective Altruism, its core principles, and its unique approach to addressing the world's most pressing problems. Effective Altruism Defined Thought Experiment: Drowning Child Peter Singer's Famine, Affluence, and Morality Essay William MacAskill: Effective Altruism Co-Founder Effective Altruism's Goal and Approach Impac...
Dec 21, 2023•24 min•Transcript available on Metacast From export and import controls to asset freezes and travel restrictions, there are various methods for imposing sanctions. But how effective are they? In this episode, we will discuss sanctions, how they work, and pose the perhaps controversial question: do they truly work? PhD Program Rejection Types of Sanctions: Embargoes, Controls, Freezes, Restrictions Historical Context: Ancient Greece to Modern Era Effectiveness Debate: Agathe Demarais' Analysis Case Study: US Sanctions on Cuba Success C...
Dec 14, 2023•24 min•Transcript available on Metacast K-Pop, Volodymyr Zelensky, and Indian Cricket – what do these three things have in common? Soft power, of course. In this episode, we're going to be talking about Soft Power in the 21st century and the unusual but fascinating displays of it. Global Soft Power Index: Brand Directory's annual survey. Soft Power according to Joseph Nye in 1990. Soft Power's non-military, non-economic influence. Korea's rise in soft power ranking. K-Pop's Soft Power: BTS and the Korean Wave. Zelenskyy's Soft Power A...
Dec 07, 2023•23 min•Transcript available on Metacast We all know salt as a simple white seasoning to add to our cooking, but it's much more than that. In this episode, we'll be exploring salt's fascinating role throughout history – from how it served as a catalyst for revolutions to how it is featured in society. Salt's role in history and its surprising impact. Preservation: Salt's role in preserving meat, fish for months. Essential nutrient: Human dependence on salt in diets. Early trade routes based on the salt trade. La Gabelle: Infamous Frenc...
Nov 30, 2023•18 min•Transcript available on Metacast It is a story that brings together billionaires, presidents, princes, private islands, and unfortunately, decades of sexual abuse of underage girls. In this episode, we will be talking about the disgraced American financier, Jeffrey Epstein. Epstein's background and early career Epstein's rise in the world of finance Initial arrest and charges related to sexual abuse Controversial plea deal in 2008 Epstein's second arrest in 2019 on sex trafficking charges Allegations of Epstein's involvement wi...
Nov 23, 2023•22 min•Transcript available on Metacast How has a small bird from the jungles of southeast Asia gone on to be the most popular source of protein in the world? In this episode, we are going to talk about the economics of chicken, and how farmers have managed to drastically reduce its price. The transformation of chicken from a luxury to a cheap protein source Origin of domesticated chickens in Southeast Asia Historical chicken sizes and uses Development of efficient egg incubators The post-war competition to breed bigger and cheaper ch...
Nov 16, 2023•20 min•Transcript available on Metacast It is the most amazing story of success, failure against the odds, and a race to get to the bottom of the world. In this episode, we will be talking about explorers Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott, and their intense Race to the South Pole. Antarctic expedition in 1911 Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen British explorer Robert Falcon Scott Different approaches: dogs vs. ponies Harsh conditions, frostbite, and scurvy Tragic sacrifices: Oates and Scott's last diary entries Norwegian victory a...
Nov 09, 2023•25 min•Transcript available on Metacast He embarked on a perilous journey to explore the Great Lakes of Africa and unravelled the mystery of the Nile's origin. In the final part of our mini-series, we are going to talk about Henry Morton Stanley and his quest to find the origin of the River Nile. Introduction to the quest for the source of the Nile Recap on explorers: Burton, Speke, and Livingstone Henry Morton Stanley's life and background Stanley's successful discovery of Dr. Livingstone Stanley's mission to find the Nile's source C...
Nov 02, 2023•17 min•Transcript available on Metacast It's an amazing story of exploration, near-death experiences, and the most almighty feud. In part one of our mini-series on The Quest To Find The Origin of the River Nile, we'll be telling the story of the first major expedition by British explorers, Sir Richard Burton and John Hanning Speke. Introduction to the search for the Nile's origin. Meet British explorers Burton and Speke on their mission. Challenges of Nile Exploration Burton's belief in Lake Tanganyika as the Nile's source. Speke's ar...
Oct 26, 2023•24 min•Transcript available on Metacast Mental health – it is a sensitive subject that affects every single one of us, with some of us struggling more than others. In this episode, we are going to explore how mental health has been perceived throughout history and look at some of the reasons that led a top UN official to declare that we are living in a mental health crisis. History of mental health treatments Trepanning as an ancient "cure" Transition from religious defect to medical condition Grim conditions in early "mad houses" Int...
Oct 19, 2023•17 min•Transcript available on Metacast Over the past two decades, this one family has shaped not just American but global culture – but how did they become so influential? In this episode, we'll be telling the story of the Kardashians and their rise to fame, the influence they have on culture, and whether it is all about to come crumbling down. The Kardashians' impact on global culture Initial public reception and ratings of "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" The family's history and members How Kris Jenner's idea led to the reality T...
Oct 12, 2023•22 min•Transcript available on Metacast It was at one point the most popular job in Britain, surpassing professions such as coal mining and factory work. In this episode, we'll be talking about the servant class, the hierarchy of different types of servants, and the decline of household service in Britain. Most popular job in Britain: Household service in 1901 Reasons for high servant numbers: Supply and demand factors Experiences of female servants were generally worse Hierarchy among servants: Butler and housekeeper at the top Decli...
Oct 05, 2023•21 min•Transcript available on Metacast "Duke", "Earl", "Lord", and "Baron" – what do these titles actually mean? In part one of our mini-series on British social class, we'll be talking about the origins of the British aristocracy and the roles they have in modern Britain. Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/lord-meaning-british-aristocracy --- You might like: 🔓 Unlock bonus episodes, interactive transcripts, subtitles & vocabulary lists 📹 ...
Sep 28, 2023•22 min•Transcript available on Metacast It's a story of how one family went from almost literal slavery to being the richest in the world – before losing it all. In this episode, we'll be talking about the rise and fall of one of the most influential families in American history – the Vanderbilts. Jan Aertson's Journey to the New World Cornelius Vanderbilt: The Commodore's early career in transportation Vanderbilt's expansion during the California Gold Rush Vanderbilt's transition to the railway industry Vanderbilt's immense wealth an...
Sep 21, 2023•21 min•Transcript available on Metacast It is, by some measures, the toughest fighting force in the world – yet it continues to attract people from across the globe through the promise of a fresh start and adventure. In this episode, we'll be talking about the origins of the French Foreign Legion, how you join it, and what life is like as a Legionnaire. French Foreign Legion: Toughest fighting force, attracts diverse recruits worldwide. Origins: Founded in 1831 to manage foreign soldiers in France. Recruitment: Open to all nationaliti...
Sep 14, 2023•22 min•Transcript available on Metacast 
