This week's episode is the second in our series on limb anatomy. This week we cover the anatomy of the forearm and cubital fossa. This is an area of anatomy which is not as frequently encountered by general surgeons so is a great topic to revise before the exam. These episodes aim to cover the anatomy and also the clinically and surgically relevant anatomy for each area. Disclaimer The information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fellowsh...
May 16, 2022•29 min•Transcript available on Metacast This week's episode kicks off a series on limb anatomy. This is an area of anatomy which is not as frequently encountered by general surgeons so is a great topic to revise before the exam. These episodes aim to cover the anatomy and also the clinically and surgically relevant anatomy for each area. Disclaimer The information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fellowship Exam. This information is not to be considered to include any recommend...
May 09, 2022•34 min•Transcript available on Metacast This episode covers the topic of aneurysmal disease from the vascular module of the general surgical curriculum. We cover: - definition - classification - pathogenesis - risk factors - natural history focussing on abdominal aortic aneurysms - management Disclaimer The information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fellowship Exam. This information is not to be considered to include any recommendations or medical advice by the author or publisher...
May 02, 2022•23 min•Transcript available on Metacast This episode covers what we need to know about the diabetic foot - a favourite topic for the general surgical exam. - background - pathophysiology - workup and important factors to consider - classification systems - management - some information about charcot neuroarthropathy Disclaimer The information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fellowship Exam. This information is not to be considered to include any recommendations or medical advice by...
Apr 25, 2022•19 min•Transcript available on Metacast This week's episode covers the topic of venous disease. This includes varicose veins and venous hypertension (chronic venous insufficiency). - the epidemiology - anatomy of lower limb veins - pathophysiology of chronic venous htn and the consequences of this disease (haemosiderin deposition, lipodermatosclerosis and venous eczema) - classification systems - risk factors - presentation - workup - management Disclaimer The information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purp...
Apr 18, 2022•32 min•Transcript available on Metacast This episode covers everything we need to know about acute limb ischaemia. - definition - aetiology - risk factors - severity assessment - pathophysiology - presentation - workup - management Including how to perform embolectomy and fasciotomy Disclaimer The information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fellowship Exam. This information is not to be considered to include any recommendations or medical advice by the author or publisher or any ot...
Apr 11, 2022•28 min•Transcript available on Metacast This week's episode starts us off with the vascular module of the general surgical curriculum. We cover chronic limb ischaemia, also known as chronic arterial disease. - definition - presentation - pathophysiology - risk factors - the rutherford classification - workup - severity classifications - management Disclaimer The information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fellowship Exam. This information is not to be considered to include any...
Apr 04, 2022•46 min•Transcript available on Metacast This week's episode covers the sweat-gland related pathologies covered in the skin and soft tissue module: Starting with anatomy of the sweat glands and the autonomic nervous system. Hyperhydrosis including - presentation - primary and secondary causes - management Hydraadenitis Suppurativa - presentation - pathophysiology - diagnosis - classification - management Disclaimer The information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fellowship Exam...
Mar 28, 2022•23 min•Transcript available on Metacast This week's episode covers everything you need to know about basal cell carcinoma including - presentation - risk factors - histological subtypes - poor prognostic factors - management including topical treatments, surgery, radiotherapy and targeted treatments Disclaimer The information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fellowship Exam. This information is not to be considered to include any recommendations or medical advice by the author ...
Mar 22, 2022•13 min•Transcript available on Metacast This week's episode covers everything you need to know about cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. - presentation - risk factors - premalignant lesions - histopathology - workup and when to stage - grading - TNM staging - poor prognostic markers - management including topical treatments, surgery, radiotherapy, systemic treatments and nodal treatment Disclaimer The information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fellowship Exam. This information...
Mar 14, 2022•24 min•Transcript available on Metacast This week's episode covers the topic of Merkel Cell Carcinoma - a favourite question in the exam. We have added the discussion we had with Dr Julie Howle onto the end of this episode. Dr Howle a surgical oncologist from Westmead Hospital who has an interest in these rare cancers. We cover: - background - risk factors - pathogenesis - presentation - diagnosis - staging - histopathology - and management Disclaimer The information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes ...
Mar 07, 2022•20 min•Transcript available on Metacast This week's episode welcomes our guest Dr Julie Howle who is a surgical oncologist from Westmead Hospital in Sydney. We cover a wide range of topics related to management of melanoma including: - precursor lesions - whether ulceration relates to the clinical or histopathological diagnosis of ulceration - when to perform systemic staging for melanoma - management of in-transit and satellite lesions including whether you need do a sentinel lymph node biopsy if these are present - sentinel lym...
Feb 28, 2022•45 min•Transcript available on Metacast This week's episode continues on from last week to discuss the management of Melanoma This episode covers: - wide local excision and the surgical margin - lymph node biopsy and when to perform it, as well as a summary of the MSLT 1 and MSLT2 trials - the role of lymphadenectomy - the role of radiotherapy in melanoma - systemic therapy including the targeted therapies (BRAF and MEK inhibitors), and immunotherapies (Anti-PD1, Anti-PD-L1, and CTLA-4) - when to give adjuvant treatment - managem...
Feb 21, 2022•40 min•Transcript available on Metacast This week's episode introduces us to the topic of melanoma We cover: - Risk factors - Precursor lesions - Histopathology and important histopathological features related to poor prognosis - Melanoma types and their appearance including superficial spreading, nodular, lentigo maligna melanoma, acral lentiginous, and desmoplastic - Workup including excisional biopsy and when to stage patients - Staging with AJCC 8th edition TNM staging classification - When to perform sentinel lymph node biop...
Feb 14, 2022•32 min•Transcript available on Metacast This week's episode introduces us to the topic of 'skin'. I know it seems weird that I would do an episode just on this but bear with me! The topics covered include: - the function of the skin as an organ - histopathology of the layers of the skin - Fitzpatrick skin types - history and examination of a skin lesions - principles and pathophysiology of flaps and grafts - topical treatments for skins cancers Everything we need before taking a deep dive into skin cancers in the coming...
Feb 07, 2022•25 min•Transcript available on Metacast This week's episode covers the useful topics of topical haemostatic agents and anticoagulants. We discuss principles of haemostasis, the coagulation cascade, how topical haemostatic agents work, the different classes and when to use them. We also cover anticoagulants, the different types, how they work, when to stop them before surgery and how to reverse them if you need to quickly! Great high yield topics for the exam. Disclaimer The information in this podcast is intended as a revision ai...
Jan 31, 2022•27 min•Transcript available on Metacast This week's episode is co-hosted by Ben Finlay. We cover a wide range of topics including: Burns - initial resuscitation including the parkland formula - assessment of depth and extent of burns (rule of nines - burns management - frostbite Blast injuries - pathophysiology - management Extremity compartment syndrome and how to perform fasciotomy The blast injury talk Ben mentioned was from the recent GSA trainees day and is accessible for general surgical trainees through the GSA website. Go...
Jan 24, 2022•52 min•Transcript available on Metacast This week's trauma episode is presented with our guest host Ben Finlay. We cover hollow viscus injuries including: - gastric - duodenal - small bowel - colonic, and - rectal injuries We also cover pelvic trauma including: - pelvic fractures and the Young and Burgess classification - pelvic bleeding management including how to perform preperitoneal pelvic packing - bladder injuries, and - ureteric injuries including how to do a retrograde urethrogram Disclaimer The information in this podcas...
Jan 17, 2022•41 min•Transcript available on Metacast This week's episode welcomes back Ben Finlay to help present abdominal trauma. We go through: - trauma laparotomy - liver trauma - splenic trauma - pancreatic trauma - renal trauma - and retroperitoneal haematomas and what to do with them! Special mentions include how to do right and left medial visceral rotations, and some operative decision making that will be super high yield for the exam. The ANZAST (Australian and New Zealand Association for the Surgery of Trauma) has some great record...
Jan 10, 2022•1 hr 1 min•Transcript available on Metacast This episode explores blunt and penetrating neck trauma with special guest Ben Finlay. We discuss: Blunt cerebrovascular injury including: - the grading system - Denver screening criteria - diagnosis - management Penetraing neck trauma - zones of the neck - hard and soft signs of vascular and aerodigestive tract injuries - approaches to management including the 'zonal approach' and 'no-zone' approach - exposures of zone I, II and II injuries - repair of carotid and aerodigest...
Jan 04, 2022•50 min•Transcript available on Metacast This week's episode introduces us to some concepts in trauma with our new guest host Ben Finlay! We cover a wide range of topics including: - Primary and secondary survey - Trauma adjuncts - Fast exam - Pathophysiology of trauma and shock - Massive transfusion protocol - Principles of damage control surgery and resuscitation - Teg and ROTEM And more! Disclaimer The information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fellowship Exam. This informa...
Dec 27, 2021•48 min•Transcript available on Metacast This week's guest episode features Dr Michael Crawford who is a hepatobiliary, hernia and liver transplant surgeon from Sydney. We cover a wide range of operative topics including: How to perform gastroenterostomy Difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy - Features preoperatively that make you suspicious it will be difficult - Mirrizi syndrome - Bail out options for difficult gallbladder including subtotal cholecystectomy - Bile duct injury and how to avoid it. - We talked about this video of...
Dec 20, 2021•1 hr 6 min•Transcript available on Metacast This week's guest episode is with Dr Laurence Webber, a hepatobiliary surgeon from Western Australia. We cover a wide range of topics including: Practicalities of post-fellowship exam life including: - Pathways in surgical training - How to get a job after surgical training 00:00 - 00:25 mins Clinical topics including: Colorectal liver metastases: - What to do with disappearing liver metastases - Chemotherapy - Liver first? - Liver remnant and functional assessment - Criteria of when to res...
Dec 13, 2021•1 hr 26 min•Transcript available on Metacast This episode has everything you need to know about genetic conditions that predispose to endocrine tumours. We cover: - Multiple endocrine noeplasia (MEN) type 1 - MEN types 2a and 2b - SDH syndromes - Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome - Neurofibromatosis type I (and brief mention about type 2) - Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome Disclaimer The information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fellowship Exam. This information is not to be considere...
Dec 06, 2021•31 min•Transcript available on Metacast This episode looks at the adrenal gland: - adrenal incidentalomas - the important questions to ask about adrenal lesions - is it cancer and is it functional? - workup of adrenal lesions - functional tests for corticosteroid hypersecretion (cushing's), catecholamine hypersecretion (pheochromocytoma), primary hyperaldosteronisms (Conn's syndrome) and sex hormone excess - screening, confirmatory and localisation tests for functional lesions - imaging characteristics of malignant versus be...
Nov 29, 2021•51 min•Transcript available on Metacast This episode covers everything you need to know about pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours - what they are - classification into functional and non-functional - risk factors and associated genetic syndromes - the different types of functional tumours, how they present and their biochemical testing - how to image localise and stage these tumours - WHO grading and TNM staging - management including which ones are suitable for surveillance, surgery, management of unresectable or metastatic disease, an...
Nov 22, 2021•47 min•Transcript available on Metacast This episode covers a range of topics related to calcium: - pathophysiology of calcium homeostasis - causes of hypercalcaemia - workup of hypercalcaemia - presentation including symptoms and signs of hypercalcaemia - primary, secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism - diagnostic tests for diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism - imaging modalities to localise parathyroid adenomas - medical and surgical management of hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcaemia - and management of postoperative hyp...
Nov 15, 2021•49 min•Transcript available on Metacast This episode follows on from last week's episode on thyroid nodules and an introduction to thyroid cancer. We cover: - surgery for thyroid cancer - what to do with the lymph nodes - tumour markers (calcitonin, thyroglobulin and anti-Tg antibodies) - risk stratification - radioactive iodine - TSH suppression with thyroxine therapy - treatment of recurrent and palliative disease Disclaimer The information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fe...
Nov 08, 2021•36 min•Transcript available on Metacast This episode covers the presentation and workup of thyroid nodules. It includes a targeted history, examination, blood tests, and imaging modalities. We also discuss the TI-RADS reporting system for thyroid nodule ultrasound scanning, and the Bethesda classification of thyroid FNA cytology. The end of this episode introduces us to the different types of thyroid cancer including - papillary - follicular - medullary - anaplastic - lymphoma And summaries the different types, what differentiates the...
Nov 01, 2021•43 min•Transcript available on Metacast This week's episode kicks off the endocrine content with the thyroid. In this episode we cover: - Physiology of thyroid hormone and iodine metabolism - Hyper and hypothyroidism - Interpreting thyroid function tests - Thyroiditis, covering: hashimoto's subacute, reidel's, postpartum, radiation and amiodarone thyroiditis - Thyrotoxicosis, covering: grave’s disease including thyroid eye disease, the toxic multinodular goitre, toxic adenoma/toxic solitary nodule, and amiodarone thyroi...
Oct 25, 2021•37 min•Transcript available on Metacast 
