TechStuff Classic: There's a Halloween Event on the Horizon

remember this. It's where I got to talk about the movie Event Horizon and the wonderfully terrible technologies in that film. I hope you guys enjoy it. We thought we'd take a horror movie and look at the science and technology in that horror movie as well, just kind of discussed what that horror movie is all about, sort of the same way we did Independence Day back for the fourth of July. Now, there aren't that many horror movies that we could think of that have a heavy tech angle.

There are some, and there are plenty, and we also, I mean, you know, we we wanted to do something that isn't um as completely offensive as it could be. I mean, you know, it's the movie that we chose is rated are and um, I think both of us enjoy it, uh for yeah from a kind of tongue in cheek way sometimes you I I genuinely enjoy this film, but it is not what I would call a good movie. It is Event Horizon. Yes, it is a space movie. It's a movie set in space. It's all about space.

Let's go ahead and give you an overview of what the basic plot is in case you haven't seen it, right, although I will say that that this this discussion is going to involve lots of spoilers, and and like I said, we do enjoy this movie. I want you to see it and to not be spoiled when you go into it.

So if you have not ever seen the film, and you are of an appropriate agent constitution to watch a thing with with kind of gory violand and uh mild new occasional cursing, then maybe maybe just turn this podcast off and wait until you can watch the movie. Right now, I will say, since the film came out in all

bets are off. So here we go. Basic plot. All right, You've got a ship, it's called the Event Horizon and it's supposedly a research ship that's meant to explore the further reaches of our solar system, and on its maiden voyage it disappeared somewhere just beyond Neptune. Now that happens in the year seven years later, a research alright, rescue ship rather sent out, sent out with a particular engineer, a scientist who had worked on the event Horizons propulsion

system actually designed the entire ship. Yeah, so he's he's going along with them. They don't know what their mission is when they first leave, but they are to go out to Neptune and try and find the origin of a mysterious transmission that apparently came from it's coming from the horizon, and and rescue the ship the crew if it all possible, Right, So they go out there, and

bad stuff happens, y'all. First of all, it turns out that the event Horizons secret propulsion system is something that is called a gravity drive in the movie, and the ideas that it kind of incusses with space, right, it creates a black hole essentially, and we'll get into that a little bit more later on. That's yeah, Well, we'll discuss the entire black hole thing at length because it's interesting It's what's really interesting is how much of the

science the movie at least attempted to get right. Yeah. Yeah, I want to give it a lot of kudos. I do. I do think that it really tried, Like gold Star, you tried. It didn't just use black hole as some sort of magic, magic placeholder, right. They tried to find a way of explaining this, and there there is some scientific basis for some other stuff they talk about anyway. But because it's a horror movie, Um, when it tried to create this whole in space time to travel through, instead,

it accidentally ended up in a hell dimension. Yea, brought a bunch of Hell back with it, and so that's haunted. The ship is haunted by Hell and or is Hell itself. Yeah, it could actually be possessed. It's a little weird. Yeah. So the idea of being that that when the gravity drive is is activated, the ship travels through a dimension, in this case a hellish dimension of pure chaos and evil, as what character says, and uh, and that yeah, it brings something back and the crew is deader than dead,

super dead. Yeah, they are so dead. You see lots of really really dead people and uh, and then the rescue mission comes aboard and tries to do what they're supposed to do, and then hilarity ensues. We won't spoil everything, but essentially, obviously you have to dismantle the rescue ship or else they could just leave, so that gets taken care of. Then you have to separate out the crew members for various reasons, and then have terrible things happened

to them. And all this happens at great gore and uh and detail and entertaining. It's not at all not Shakespeare, but it's fun. I I really appreciate that the film and and this was this was directed by Paul Anderson. A Paul Anderson. He has some initials in there somewhere that I'm completely missing, and I did not write them down. But he's the same guy who directed the Mortal Kombat movie. Yes, he said that he wanted to have a turn at directing something a little more eyebrow. No, he was talking

about gory. He wanted to make. He wanted a chance to make an R rated picture after That's right, because Mortal Kombat was PG thirteen. Um and and I and I do, like I said, I want to give the film a lot of kudos, you know. Okay, so it starts out with this brief timeline, and I'd say that

it was a hopeful but not completely ridiculous timeline. They were saying that the first permanent moon colony in this in this science fiction setting was in uh and that commercial mining on Mars began in two considering that, you know, we've got some some outfits here on Earth that are trying to get to Mars around that's time period, all right, Yeah, and the lunar colony in is way too ambitious, but well, but back in there was no way of knowing that

the space program was going to going to have so many financial hits. Um so, yeah, getting into it. One thing that confused me was the idea of even having a ship. Now the cover the event Horizons Outer Solar System Exploration, which a cover story, yeah it was to say code black, but the real reason, that's the actual thing that they said in the film. And I'm still not sure what that means. It sounds really nifty, right,

I guess it just means super duper secret, y'all. You have to know the secret handshake in order to get access to it. But the thing that made me confused was just the idea of even building a ship for that sort of thing we've built so that people can get out onto the surface if Neptune and walk around and on gas giants. Yeah, that sounds like a great idea. Um, you know, really hot gas giants where the winds are two point one thousand kilometers per rights has the most

high worse winds in the entire Solar System. Not a not a very nice place to go visit, yea. So it's and lots of methane in the atmosphere too, not great hydrogen and helium also in the atmosphere. It's not a very great planet to to go visit if you don't have some massive protection around you. It just seems weird because we could do robotic probes that kind of stuff for that sort of thing, but whatever, so uh,

they'll also just get all the way. This is one of those space movies where we do hear sounds in space and the initial sequence turns out to be a dream sequence. So you can't entirely blame the fact that you're hearing a thunderstorm on Neptune from space on on the fact that it's Yeah, it's some sort of hallucination, hallucination or dream or something. But assuming the rest of the movie is not a hallucination or dream, which as far as I can tell, that's not the intention. Point.

There's plenty of examples of hearing sound in space, absolutely not necessarily that the characters hear it, but the audience. Here's it also a good point from from this general area of the film. They're um, they're showing spaceships as being three dimensional and spaces being three dimensional and things coming at each other from different angles, which I absolutely approve it. Right, it's not all in the same plane like it would be in most Star Trek. Not all

Star Trek, but most start certain points. Star Trek really only discovered that space is multidimensional, I think, like in the game. Yeah, and so there's also some other interesting things that they do have artificial gravity in this in this universe. We don't know how they generated, although they appear to have some other means of controlling gravity with the gravity drive. They talk about using electro magnets to control the flow of gravitons. Uh, gravitons right now are

a hypothetical particle. We think they exist based upon the math, but we have not identified or observed gravitons. But but I'm cool with this science fiction film positing that we're going to discover the graviton particle within the next forty years. Okay, cool with thirty years. Yeah right, that's right. Sorry, I'm old.

That's cool. So so it's it's yeah, it's it's one of those things where maybe if they discovered gravitons, they also figured out how to create artificial gravity, because what they are not doing is creating it through rotating a spaceship or space station in order to use the centripetal force to kind of fake gravity, right, so you know, we're well, we'll give him that too. I won't. I don't understand ever, shaving with a straight razor. I don't have to shave my face, so I just don't think

that's a wise idea to do in space. But then I mean, if you've got artificial gravity, you're pretty This is this is Sam Neil's character, Samuel playing the the physicist who, as it turns out, designed this event horizonship and um and he's got some problems that the film goes into pretty extensively, and so the straight razor, as it turns out is symbolic, right, You find out that his wife committed suicide with a straight which makes me even more concerned for him that he's using that to

shave with. Yeah, y'all, this is a bad This is going bad places. The psychologist would probably have a few

things to say about it. Uh. I thought that the space station that Sam Neel's character is on at the beginning of the film was a little odd in that it's think of a massive grid made out of like scaffolding or if you've ever worked on a theater set where you've got the grid that you hang the lights off of that looks like the skeleton of this space station and just looks like a massive grid of this stuff,

like the set to Stomp or something. Yeah, and occasionally you have these habitats that are you know, you can tell that they're these these things that are connected to the gritting grid structure that are where everyone lives, but they don't seem to be connected to each other, Like they're on different parts of the grid and this thing isn't informed to be connected. Yeah, you wouldn't really want

to spacewalk in between them. Spacewalking is pretty dangerous and lower orbit, which a little okay title comes up that says lower. I didn't pay attention at that point, and I took notes, and I could not remember where if the space station was an orbit around Earth or Mars, because there were comments that made me think, well, maybe they were in orbit of Mars. So that makes some of the rest of this discussion much easier for me. But I did think it was neat that it looked modular,

which meant, you know, that makes sense. You would want to be able to build onto any sort of permanent space station, uh in a way that would allow you to not have to reinmit the wheel every time. So if it's modular, you just add a new module on. That makes sense, So all right, I'm giving it that too.

The rescue ship is called the Lewis and Clark, named after the explorers who quote unquote discovered lots of stuff in America if you can consider people who had been living there for hundreds and hundreds of years to be not important enough to say they discovered it, but they um. I thought the design of this was a little weird, particularly the bridge. I wrote down that their seating structure that main cappens tear drives me crazy. It's so, this is a bridge in which all of the you know,

crew member chairs are normal kind of chairs. They can roll around a little bit, but they basically a fixed so the ground, kind of like office chairs chairs, ish um. And this captain's chair is suspended from this kind of track in the ceiling like a like a roller coaster seat. And it looks really goofy and I'm not share what they were going. Lawrence Fishburn, who plays the captain, sits in this chair. It means that his feet are actually dangling off the ground. He's not. He doesn't have contact

with the ground. It allows him to turn degrees and move along this track, but so would a chair with wheels on it and or standing up. Yeah, so I don't understand this because if you were to argue, well this way, if there were some sort of problem, his chair wouldn't go sliding all over the room. But then everyone else's chairs seemed to have that ability. There's one guy who pushes back from his workstation and rolls halfway across the bridge. So if you're not going to do

it for everybody, don't do it for anyone. That's what I say. Let's make this fair. Gosh, darn't it um? But yeah, I just thought that was a weird thing. Yeah, No, I I did want to say that, I that I do actually like the design aesthetic of the Lewis and Clark because it's more functional than pretty most of the time, and I feel like it's very much based in the general aesthetic of today's NASA ships. Right, it looks it looks like it's functional. It doesn't look like it's made

out of you know, it's not. It's not some sort of Star Wars type thing where everything is pristine and beautiful as long as you're working for the Empire. It's it's definitely it's more on the firefly range where this this looks like this is something that does work. It doesn't look like it's a set necessarily, right. You know, it's a little bit roomier than perhaps a real spaceship would be in order to have those those good cameras, but better than that, I'm willing to give them that.

It reminded me a little bit of like an expanded submarine, which is kind of what you would expect down the propulsion system. I thought was really interesting. They talk this is kind of just mentioned offhand and dialogue. That's an ion drive, which those really existing. Yeah, yeah, so an ion drive uses thrusters and ionized particles. Those are charged particles in order to accelerate, and they can generate these charged particles and excite them in two major ways right now.

We have the electrostatic force, which involves usually bombarding particles with electron beams so that you build up a negative charge. And there's also the electro magnetic approach, where you use electromagnets to excite these ions at any rate. Either way you're using this, you can output these ions and create thrust. But the thing about this is that it builds acceleration and the accelerating force is very low, so it reaches very fast acceleration at the end of this process, but

it takes a minute to get it takes a long time. Yeah, you're talking about like it's it's continuously accelerating, so it's not like it accelerates and then just stops, but at the rate of acceleration is very low. So I'm a little concerned that they wouldn't be able to get from Earth to Neptune and any reasonable amount of time using an eye on drive. I mean I guess you could do it, but I think it would take longer than fifty six days, which is how long it takes within

the film. Actually did do the math, and the current ion fusters that we've got can reach speeds of some ninety kilometers per second, which is over two hundred thousand miles per hour in space, which is pretty screaming compared with like the Space Shuttle, which is about eighteen thousand

kilometers per second UM. But even if the vehicle could go at that speed, the entire distance from Earth to Neptune, which it could not see above ree, it takes a long time to warm up UM, it would still take five dred and fifty three days unless I did the math wrong, which I don't. I don't think it sounds about right because the distance between Earth and Neptune is about four point four billion kilometers, and granted, we're talking about forty years in the future, and forty years can

bring a lot of technological changes. I think it's a possibility, but it's a stretch, yeah, cutting it down. I mean, you're just talking about such huge distances, and keep in mind four point four billion kilometers that's the average distance

between Neptuno an Earth change. So I calculated that um from the closest point at which it's about four point three billion miles, right, Yeah, And and even then you have to plan it, like just as we had to plan the Curiosity or over to land on Mars months in advance, because you know the orbits as the their you know, the plants continue to move across their orbital past even after you launch the ship, because they do

not just hold in place. Yeah, so you can't. You can't just launch when they're closest, because they'll be moving apart from each other from that moment moving on. So it's complicated. You'll um. But at any rate, in order to not be bored for some fifty days on this ship, that die or die I guess the crew goes into stasis. Right. They do give the excuse of of of at the speeds that we're going, your skull would liquefy, which is

not true. That is super inaccurate. Okay, yeah, they're talking about they would endure forces of excess of thirty g s or around thirty g s. That's thirty times the gravitational force you feel here on Earth. All right, here's

some other issues. First of all, going into stasis. That's always a problem, right as far as we understand it today, because anything that is going to slow down your bodily functions is not really that good for you and montion the time movies portray it as freezing or in this case, it's being in this giant s. Yeah, it's it's more liquid than goo. I would say it comes on like water,

but it's um. That's just not good for your body. No, No, your skin will absorb liquid, especially once the oils begin to wash off. That's why if you spend too long in the bath or the pool, your fingers start to prune up. Your epidermis is absorbing water. And wherever the epidermis and dermis meat it's anchored, that's where you have those those valley parts, the crevices that are in the pruny skin, and then the bulgy bits that's where all the liquid has been absorbed. So imagine that all over

your body. It's not great. It gives rise to potential for bacterial infections. It's bad stuff. Also, your muscles would atrophy after you had been spending that much time we're talking about, you know, two months in in non you know, motionless, you would be in bad shape by the end of that. They don't appear to be at all affected in that way.

They cough a bit and that's it. Yeah, Sam Neil's character, who is not used to it, kind of stumbles a little bit and like isn't sure if he wants coffee, And that's that's about the that's the worst problem he has. But the other side of it, the whole thirty G issue. So, first of all, the the record for enduring gravitational forces goes to UH, to John Stapp who for a very very short moment experienced a force of forty six point

two gs. He was doing UH acceleration tests. You know, this was part of the whole like how much can a person endure um turns out, you know, anything above say twenty geez or so you're talking eyeballs out gravitational forces. That's what they refer to it as. By the way, guys, so at four six point two his eyeball stayed in his head. They didn't pop out. That's a relief, but he did suffer permanent eye damage. He had vision problems for the rest of his life. He did live a

good long while after that. It wasn't like he you know, suffered serious health issues that led to his death. But he did have serious health issues, they just were chronic and lasted, you know, for the rest of his life. So uh, but at for the six point two g's even at that incredible amount of force supply to you,

your skull will not liquefy. Your brains and eyeballs might if if you're exposed to it for long enough period of time, you know, so a certain fifty two days, like a couple of months, Yeah, you might have some issues, uh at that point. So yes, it would be deadly. However, I'm pretty sure that submerging someone in liquid would not mean that you had to get out of jail free card for enduring that amount of force, especially not water.

I don't think that's how it works. No, if you if you were suddenly put under the ocean at a depth where the pressure would be enough to crush you, you you still get rushed, even if you know the whole thing in the abyss where they have to breathe in the liquid oxygen is meant to say that if you have yeah, if you have air inside your lungs, then

that's going to pop your lungs. But by putting liquid you can endure more pressure, you still are not able to endure endless amounts of pressure, So I'm not sure that that would necessarily help. But then that brings us to the kind of computer devices they use, which are tablets. Yeah, and I think that it's a pretty Again, it's a pretty good estimation of what they were going to have. And you know, no one working on this movie clearly had talked to Steve Jobs, and I knew that the

iPad was going to come out. Yeah, we U seven. That might have been a little premature. Yeah, yeah, I mean it's they use tablet computers. I think by twenty four you will probably have moved beyond your basic tablet. But again, you're extrapolating from now as opposed to from That's another thing that I'm willing to give them a pass on due to the fact that all of the tech on their ship, which I think is purposefully clunky,

and I think it's for purely aesthetic reasons. But um, but I can excuse it by the fact that all of the tech on their ship needs to withstand the same forces, these incredible skull liquefying forces. Um and so that therefore, if it's a little bit clunky, maybe that's why just butting in here to say where It'll be right back to talk more about event horizon in just a moment, But first let's take a quick break. Now, let's get back to event horizon, and let's finally talk

about this gravity drive thing. Yes, it's it's bizarre. Well okay, so so we hear the scientific explanation of it before we ever see the thing, Yes, we do. He says that the gravity drive will create an infinite curvature of space, resulting in a singularity. And uh, here's the thing, guys, that's a real thing. Singularity infinite, well real in the sense of this is how we understand black holes right now, according to general relativity, right, yeah, this is absolutely a

concept that is based in reality. Now, super proud of the way that they described it. The scientist character goes into this kind of long spiel and and all of the other guy so like go like in English please, yeah, And I kind of wish that they had let him go for another half hour because I could have listened to this hilarious because first he says, well in layman's terms, and it's really pretty simple. I mean, it's the simplest description of a black hole you can get to without

super dumbing it down, which he ultimately does do. Yeah, but but it's he's he describes a retaining magnetic field focusing a narrow beam of gravitans to fold space time. Yeah, and then this creates a wormhole through which a ship can travel. And the idea of being that you can fold space time so that the two points that you are interested in, your beginning and your destination are adjacent to one another, even if in reality they are across the universe from each other. So let's use an example.

Let's say that you get an old style roadmap. I'm talking about a paper roadmap. Okay, you've got a paper roadmap, and you are you want to travel between New York City and Los Angeles, California. And normally you would have to trace a pathway that would go along highways, and you would travel thousands of miles. But what if you could just fold the roadmap so that New York City and Los Angeles were touching one another on the two sides, and then you were able to magically jump between New

York City and Los Angeles. Then unfold the map so it's back to its regular space. Suddenly it looks like

you've traveled faster than light. You have crossed thousands of miles in an instant, apparently violating Einstein's theory of relativity, except for the part where Einstein and Rosen and the nineteen thirties I believe came up with a concept of wormholes that allows for this, which says that if you have um a mass on that little New York blip and a mass on the l A blip that are that are both massive enough to push spacetime towards itself in in the way that spacetime is hypothetically a folded

moving sheet of spacetime because matter curves space time, and spacetime determines how matter moves. And then eventually you're going to get these two points touching. And then if they were touching enough that they could break through, essentially you're talking of them. You're removing you're removing distance. Right, You're you're no longer traveling because you're not traveling faster than light at that moment. At that moment, those two distances

are touching. So are those two points are touching, So there isn't a distance between them. If there were distance between the men, you move faster than light. That's what Ninstein says, Hey, stop breaking the law. All right, So let's talk about how is this related to actual real world physics. So from what we understand what black holes,

here's the deal. You gotta you got a star that's at least eight solar masses are larger, and as that star dies, it loses energy, the it begins to collapse in on itself, and so it starts to collapse in gravitational forces get stronger. You get this tiny point that gathers all the mass. We usually refer to it in math as being a point that has zero volume, but because there is mass within that zero volume and as

infinite density. So you've got this point of infinite density that's creating this incredible gravitational pull in a large region around it. Now we define the region around it where let's say there's a let's say there's an imaginary boundary that you can see around a black hole, which you

which there would not be. Yeah, but let's let's imagine that you can see this boundary, and you know that boundary represents the the section of space where if you were to pass beyond that boundary, you would no longer be able to escape the gravitational pull of that black hole. This is the point of no return. Yeah, this is this is the point where even light itself cannot escape

the black hole. It just will go right towards the singularity, depending upon what the singularity, how the singularity is formed, will get into. Then a second yeah, um, so that point that that that area, that region is called the event horizon. And I would like to stay for the record right now. The terrible idea it is to name your ship after the point of no return. Yeah, it's like it's like calling calling your your boat the Iceberg magnet.

You know, you don't want to call your boat Iceberg magnet or perhaps akin to naming your undersea paradise after something out of the Book of Revelation. It's just a terrible or even atlantis. Yeah, you don't, you know, you don't want to necessarily go with that connotation if you think about it for too long. But yes, so the event horizon is named after this region of space where if you pass through it, you are pretty much guaranteed to go into the Singularity. You want to say pretty

much guaranteed. There are some caveats, all right. So because there are different types of black holes, we quantify and we classify black holes based on three basic features. These are pretty much the only features black holes have according to our theory of relativity, because they're weird things. They have mass, they may or may not have spin, and

they may or may not have a charge. So the basic black hole that is probably the simplest version, although not the most commonly found in the universe, is the Swortz Child black hole, which has no spin. It does have an event horizon, and essentially this this black hole, you can just think of it as a single point in space of that infinite density that is pulling you toward it if you get beyond that event horizon. So it's just everything goes towards the center of that point.

You don't have any rotation there. You know, you can try to use thrust to keep you from accelerating into the point, but it's just after a point, it's there's no point in doing that anymore either. Um you're done. Spaghetification is on the way, which is where that's the the idea that as you get closer to the black holes gravity, things elongate and become noodle like, thus the spaghetification. It is probably not terribly pleasant, although I'm guessing you

would not be alive at that point anything. I'm thinking not um, but I think more frequently theoretical physicists say that this probably happens more frequently, and also certainly more frequently in films. Is predicted the the care black hole. Yes, the Care k e r R. So the Care black hole is formed from solar masses. Uh. And because stars usually are rotating, there's a rotational force that has to conserve the angular momentum. This is this is another law

that you have to follow. It has to conserve that angular momentum. So the black hole itself is spinning, right, which is where you get those pretty graphics with with that kind of rotational cloud of stuff falling into a black The black hole at the center of the Milky Way is rotating. Therefore, it's dragging space as it rotates, which causes this rotational force that ends up affecting the

entire galaxy. It's pretty remarkable stuff, right. Well. The other interesting thing about this is that that spinning means the singularity at the center of a care hole is not a single point like it is in schwartz Child. Instead, it's an infinitely thin ring that is also spinning, and they are a little more complicated. They don't have just the event horizon. They also have something called the ergosphere. This is the region of space that is distorted because

of the rotational force of this black hole. So this is an overly simple model that I'm going to give you. It does not directly relate to how we see this happening in in the universe. But imagine putting your hand in a container of tranquil water and then moving your hand around and seeing how it disturbs the water. The ergosphere is kind of like that. It's this region where that rotational force is dragging the space time and distorting

it as a result, which is kind of funky. Um. There's also another little region that's the static limit, that's the boundary between the ergosphere and normal space time that

is not being directly dragged and distorted by this black hole. Well, the interesting thing about this theory is that one interesting thing is that some people have proposed the hypothesis that if you were to encounter one of these black holes and you were able to enter the event horizon in a particular way where you could sling shot around that thin rotating singularity. You might not fall into the singularity. You might get shot out again, but you get shot

out at a different point in space time. Thus you would have this wormhole theory. I don't know that you can necessarily control exactly where you would end up or when you would end up, because spacetime. And there's also the possibility this could allow for time travel, so that increases the Grandfather paradox, and there's other issues that we'd have to get into. That's an entirely different podcast. I

don't recommend trying that without about time. I tried doing it, but then I went back in time and stopped myself, so I'm like, I just can't guys. I mean, I'll just do it again. And the way back machine is

still in Mongolia, so we're kind of stuck. But so this is a hypothetical possibility, yes, I mean, and and all of this, we should say is based upon theoretical astrophysics, which if you couldn't tell from the name, I mean, we've never gone out in a ship and checked out a black hole and been like, oh, that's how it works. It's you know, this is all based on the way that we observe electromagnetic radiation behaving in spaces around what

we have called black holes. Yeah, and and it's also based on a lot of math that we've tried to make work out. But things like infinite density and zero volume. It's really hard to deal with that, so it's impossible for us to truly conceive of it. It's beyond our our ability to do so. And in fact, some people have gone so far and I don't think it's that far really, but to say that singularity is really more

of a placeholder. Like the terms we're using our placeholders that are good enough for now, but we need better clarification and some integration of the quantum model of physics. My end up clarifying these terms so that we we don't just have these vague placeholders. Right there is speaking of quantum stuff there. Scientists start theorizing that this is happening at the quantum level, like a like at the plunk kind of level of particles. Wormholes are being created,

uh a lot. Yeah, Well, that was one of the things that they talked about with the large hadron colliders, that these collisions could result in tiny little black holes that are on the you know, atomic or smaller scale and last less than a you know, like a like a nanosecond long. That's how long they last. But it may of course that knowing that they were going to make some black holes, that made some media outlets go, oh, we're all gonna get sucked into a black hole and die.

And thus we had things like, you know, has the world been destroyed by the large Hadron collider and you go to the u r L and it would say no. Um. But one interesting thing, there's a paper published in the Physical Review Letters recently by Rodolfo Gambini and Jorge Pool, and it was about a quantum black hole model in which the black hole doesn't have a singularity, but rather is a gateway. So this gateway would put you into

possibly another universe, not necessarily another dimension, but another universe. Uh, there's some issues with this that we'd have to explore. It may very well be true, and it may be that this is the beginning of replacing those placeholders like

singularity with more specific terms. But some of the problems involved things like, well, you probably still wouldn't survive any kind of trip through a black hole, the tidal forces you would undergo as you would go through this intense gravity would still squish you and kill you if you did somehow find a way to survive. There's no guarantee that what universe you would UH end up in would have the same laws of physics that our universe has, and thus you end up dying anyway because physics don't

work um. And then there's the problem of, well, if there are black holes in various universes, they're connecting each other together, where are the outputs, because we don't see any in our universe. Where are the white holes? These these holes where matter from the black hole on the other end is being spewed out into the universe. Because if the black hole end is pulling everything in, the

white hole end must be pushing everything back out. And if we don't see evidence of that in our universe, either that means that we only have exits, no entrances, or there's some other problems with this UH this UH theory, or it may just be that we haven't found a way to observe it yet. I don't know. Maybe it turns out the white holes are the source of all dark dark matter, which represents more mass than anything else we can observe. We don't know what dark matter is.

Maybe that's it. If it turns out to be that, you can mail my Nobel Prize our addresses on the website. So at any rate, we're going to assume that in the movie they want to open up a care black hole k E er R, not c A r E, and they're going to use that to zip over to some other part of the universe, and that things went wrong. So I think you think it's safe to say that that's more or less what they meant based upon what's said in the film. I feel like that's extrapolating, but

a fair extrapolation. I mean, you know, I think that he was talking about a pretty straight wormhole kind of situation. Yeah, but I'm just trying to justify it anyway. Again. I mean, it could be that that the science and event horizon back in was ahead of its time, and that the quantum research that we're talking about right now ends up being exactly what or more or less what they were saying in that movie, which would be kind of cool because then you're like, well, the science was wrong, but

then it was right. Again based upon our understanding. Well, we've got a lot more to say now that we've got the black hole stuff out of the way. But before we do, let's take another quick break to thank our sponsor. Now you've probably tried Hulu dot Com. Now with Hulu Plus, you can watch your favorite shows anytime, anywhere. Hulu Plus lets you watch thousands of hit TV shows in the selection of acclaimed movies on your television or on the go with your smartphone or tablet, and it

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sent you go to Hulu Plus dot Com Forward slash Tech. Now, you know, one of the things I love about Hulu Plus is getting access to old shows that I did you know, I I remember loving when they were on, but hadn't really revisited in a long time. One of those, of course, is Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Uh. Josh Sweden really made his name with this series, and it was really it changed television. There's so many shows now that

obviously follow in that same kind of model. So if you never actually seen that series, I highly recommend it go check that out. All right, so let's get back to the movie. Now. We've talked about the gravity drive, we talked about that iron propulsion, we talked about whether or not your skull would liquefy. Surely we've gotten through all the problems, right, We were actually still pretty early in the movie. This only takes us up through before

they're even on the titular event horizons. We've got a lot of ground, We've got a lot of space to cover. Yeah, okay, alright, So alright. There's a good side and a bad side to this, Lauren. The good side is that pretty soon we're gonna be talking about supernatural stuff which has nothing to do with technology, and then we're okay, right, right, because when you start talking about hell dimensions invading, I'm like, well, I'll give that a pass because I don't know. I

don't have any data how that would work. It doesn't involve technology or any science that we understand at this moment, so therefore we cannot comment on it. However, there some science stuff we can talk about. Yeah, okay. So so when our search and rescue crew of Lewis and Clark arrived at the event horizon, it is I guess it's supposed to be an orbit of Neptune. That's that was

what I felt it was supposed to be. It's in the orbit around Neptune, but it's it's kind of within Neptune's atmosphere because there are all of these big storms going on, and it is accurate that there would be big storms on Neptune. Um. It is much much like Jupiter. It has these very giant, very violent, um slightly quicker storms.

The storms on Jupiter are much longer lasting. Right. But here's the problem is that if that ship were in fact in within the atmosphere, the atmosphere would slow the ship's pathway down so much that would have just the orbit would have decayed much more rapidly. The ship would be crashing into Neptune. So the clouds there are a problem because it would suggest that it's too late the If it's truly an orbit, it would be above the atmosphere.

But since it's in the atmosphere, I think that you have to say this is for the spooky effect, because how can you have a haunted house movie in space without a thunderstorm going on outside? Right, I'd say pretty easily. Um, you can totally. I mean I've seen Alien and that basically work, which isn't a haunted house situation, but still close. It's close. I mean, you know, you fall, we're playing

upon the same primal fears obviously. Um, I'm just amazed there weren't space wolves howling outside the windows of the ship. But actually there there were enough characters having hallucinations that I am I am, I am actually shocked that space bowlves. Yeah, well, maybe we missed it because some of those were like montages of really fast clips of you know, this just looks like a Clive Barker nightmare scenario smashed into half a second. So maybe there were some space wolves in there,

we don't know, but there definitely was a storm. Um. If anyone, by the way, wants to photoshops and spacewolves into some footage from from the Horizon, I would look in at you, Aaron Cooper, and I'm absolutely willing to read your name on air. Yeah. So, um, all right, what about the way that they before they get onto event horizon, they decide to take a look and see if there's anything alive on it. They do a life scan, right, Well, there's a bunch of life scanning related technology that happens

in this middle portion of the film. And uh and yes, one is from the Lewis and Clark. And then once they get onto the ship, they've got these little shiny laser related hand devices. Mostly looks like a laser that's put through a splitter of some sort, And I'm not sure how that would work. Maybe it's uh, I'm thinking thermal,

that's the closest it was. Something that is warmer than the than the surrounding environment would suggest a life form or if you've got extremely sensitive audio technology, I suppose that you could scan for heartbeats or something like that, right, you know. Now we know that in other science fiction shows and movies, things like Star Trek, they have life form scanning technology that can even identify things like uh, creatures, blood type if they have a right or a brain

wave or something like. Yeah. But there's no explanation here, not not that we necessarily expect it. I mean, clearly, if this movie were to explain every single piece of science and something really long, and I would watch it forever, actually, that would be I would love that movie. It would be called Arthur C. Clark's Tooth in than One is what it would be called. And there'll probably be fewer,

fewer hell demons, but maybe more space wolves. I'm honestly more confused about that that visual of the of the split laser thing on board, because if you're using I mean, if if it's just a method to let the operator know where he's pointing the beam, where she is pointing

the beam, then then I guess that counts. But otherwise, if it's if it's a visual light spectrum analysis, it's not going to penetrate anything, and they're clearly trying to sweep rooms with it would make it pretty easy, which means that you could do something else like use your eyes, right, you know those things that each of the characters had no well full a while anyway, some of the characters don't end up with eyes because spoiler alert, spoiler alert,

where we're going, we don't need that's That's exactly what he says. Uh, So I have here in my notes. This is a says, not so much a note as an observation. This is just one of those things that I picked up on while I was watching the movie. The docking bay, that the event horizon, well, that the Lewis and Clark uses to access the event horizon is for reasons that are never explained. Docking Bay thirteen. It's X I I I in Roman numerals, so it's thirteen. Uh.

The Doctor Weir Sam Neil's character. We didn't name him earlier in the podcast, but Lauren reminded me that the character does affect have a name. Is not just Sam names the character. Um. Dr Weir says that it's the main docking bay. So I don't know why your main docking bay would be thirteen. I guess this is just one of those little you know, winks of the to the audience, or you could explain it as being, um a representation shin of of how much doctor we are

need psychiatric help. Yeah, that will get a lot more indication of that in a very short while. When they get aboard the Event Horizon. So they do the scan. It does not come back with any anything that would suggest a life form. But then they say, well, we're gonna have to do this the old fashioned way, room by room. Well, they say that there's these weird like kind of amorphous sort of sort of blobs of life forms kind of everywhere, and that they're not seeing any

individual human people, which is what they're looking for. So they decided to go onto the ship exactly. So, a couple of the guys they create an umbilicus, a pathway that will connect the two ships. This is something else that confused me, all right, So the Lewis and Clark has artificial gravity. The Event Horizon normally would have artificial gravity, but that system is down. Exactly, they connect an umbilicus

between the Lewis and Clark and the Event Horizon. As soon as the characters get into the Umbilicus, they're in a zero G environment. Back aboard the Lewis and Clark, you still have artificial gravity. I'm wondering where you cut that off, Like, how does the artificial gravity know literally the artificial gravity the gravitons get into your air supply, and so if you're not sharing air supplies, then you're not sharing. Almost certain air supply did not supply any

of the music in this movie. I'd have to go back and watch it again to see if air supply is in this film, but I don't think it is all right. So anyway, that was another little goofy bit. So they do a quick tour of the ship. You have some characters going towards the front of the ship, which is where the bridge is, in the living quarters, the medical center, all of that is on the front end. And this is before they get all of these systems

back up. So everyone is in uh, you know, low gravity um and and it's very everything is still extremely cold. They don't have temperature online right. They have magnetic boots which allow them to stick to the floor. I appreciated that they at least said like, hey, we've got magnetic boots, and they even showed a little like this is it engaging kind of kind of sequence from I thought that was a nice knot too maybe this could be like

reality science. Ish. I did have a problem in that they talk about how the temperature is below freezing and you see frozen droplets of water floating through the event horizon. But there's also this water bottle. I assume it's a water bottle, looks very much like a water bottle, and it is clearly full of liquid and liquid forming noises. So how did that not freeze? Unless, of course it's not water in that water bottle. It could be another liquid that has a lower freezing point. Um, I can

only assume that it is the viscera of hell. Yeah, I was thinking vodka. But anyway, all right, so uh, you know, honestly, I'm pretty sure that vodka is the vista. So it's probably fairly act both of our Okay, we're both right. That's I'm cool with that. So some of the people go towards the forward part of the ship, where by the way that the forward part of the ship where the bridge and living cores and everything, all of that is separated by an incredible long hallway from

the gravity drive engineering section. Actually specifically, the gravity drives really the only thing we ever see on that other side of the ship, right, even though it's the largest part of the ship. We really just see the gravity drive and in the the the labyrinthian hallways that surround the gravity drive for no apparent reason because we're needs help. Yeah. Um, this long neck I thought was pretty odd when I first saw the design of the ship. I was like,

why would you want a neck that long? And the only thing that I could come up with is if within the world they talk about, you know, the gravity fluctuations, maybe those fluctuations could adversely affect the crew, and by creating this distance, by creating this long neck like corridor, you minimize that. Maybe that's the reason, so I can justify I'm willing to give them that way, ye so, But otherwise you're just thinking, like, why is the ship?

It's basically a plot device. It looks cool, and it looks cool, and you get that good dramatic tension of needing to have people run up and down it, and an important fly up and down it when the gravity is not you know, but or float I guess would be the more accurate, right, speaking of so they do, they do turn on the ship's interior gravity, so no one has to have spent expensive effects anymore for for a while, for a while until we get to the end, and so we see lots of water splashing down onto

the floor and things like that. It was neat, neat little effect. We'll have a little bit more to say about the tech in event horizon after this short break. Did you notice the ship's log that it's on. It's on an optical disc DVD or CD. Yeah, so this was made so we have to give it that allowance. But it was so funny to me that there's a disc and it's caught inside the computer system, right. Yeah. My specific note I think was like, oh yes, optical disc, yes, right,

you know why go back? Yeah, we're just lucky it's on a track. Uh yeah. So the ship's log is stored in an to cold disk, which we thought was adorable. And this is about when the crew discovers this gravity drive. The doctor Weir has created um and it looks like something out of Hell Razor. Yeah, I said, it looks like the same designer who made the limit configuration, which is the puzzle box and hell razor. In this case, it's Dr Weir must have seen that, because that's what

the interior of his gravity drive room looks like. I am so I'm so worried for him. I honestly, I don't think that he was doing well when he was creating this. The entire esthetic design of this ship is very much in contrast to the design of the Lewis and Clark, which is kind of rough and tumble and and has been lit in a utilitarian and the interior of this ship reminds me of nothing more than like

a nineteenth century insane asylum. You've got this this very these very brick like metal panels in various places, and we've got all of this weird Victorian style detailing and crazy machinery. So it's kind of a combination of that asylum and like, imagine that you've been shrunk down and then thrown into the home Depot power tools section, so you've got these enormous like drill like things that are

turning around you for no apparent reason. Um I And there's there's a corridor in the end of the film that has shaped like a coffin, And I'm just like you guys. Seriously, you guys, this is amazing. No One no one said like, hey, Dr Weir, do you want to take a vacation and go to Disney World. I will also say this is going back to the the inspiration for the film I have read. I assume this

is true. It seems like it's true that the idea was, what if we had the Shining but said it in space, in which case, if you're talking about the film version of The Shining, you know Jack Nicholson, Jack Nicholson's character is already pretty freaking crazy before he shows up at

the Overlook Hotel. Totally. Dr Weir kind of falls that model. Yeah, yeah, And I did want to say that it's actually clever that the that drive itself is built like a giant gyroscope, like a giant hellish gyroscope, because um, because real spaceships do. In fact, you use gyroscopes in their inertial navigation systems, albeit not giant puzzle box looking ones. Right, Yeah, the

one that you're talking about in the movie. It's imagine a globe that's inside of a ring, that's inside of another ring, and all of these can can rotate independently of each other. Yeah, and when it lines up, it flashes light at you and bad things happen. Um dr. We're assures the crew that the gravity drive is not on, totally on, and it's totally not safe. Yeah, but that's because the ship, as it turns out, is alive. Uh I said that. Another thing that was kind of interesting.

I thought it was a little weird. The characters are forced aboard the Event Horizon because the Lewis and Clark is compromised. All right, there's a whole breach and their air supply. UM starts going, I'm not gonna make another joke. Yeah, So the everyone, everyone aside from a repair crew, goes aboard the Horizon. The repair crew tries to repair the

damage to the Lewis and Clark. So they discovered that the oxygen, to be more specific, the carbon dioxide levels are rising and are going to hit because the scrubbers are something something I don't know, The CEO two scrubbers are not not functioning properly, and even if they brought the ones aboard from the Lewis and Clark, it would only give them a little extra time. They only have twenty hours of breathable air on the event Horizon, which

is enormous, is a huge ship. It's very large. I cannot believe that they only had twenty hours of breathable air. That's maybe maybe the gravity drive eats oxygen. Maybe maybe the hell demons that are in that are living in heavy breathers. That could be. I mean, I mean, statistically, I think most hell demons are and they've been on that ship for seven years, so it's possible. Um. I

also say that the another fun little fact. This is another not so technical thing, but just one of those things that if you've watched a lot of movies you appreciate. So they have the Sick Sick Bay, a medical center which supposedly has never been used. Well on a counter. In this medical bay, they have an array of medical tools, most of which are most are made just for films. They're not actual analogs to real medical tools, although there I mean, and a lot of them are our corners

tools more than medical tools. Really, it's the kind of thing that you're not going to see in actual medical practice outside of the Victorian era. So, but if you had ever watched a movie like the Tim Burton's Batman or Little Shop of Horrors, you will recognize some of these. They're the same medical devices that have shown up in movie after movie whenever there's some form of medical horror

element to the film. So I thought I appreciated that, like, oh, especially amongst all of these incredibly are not incredibly high tech looking, but but more fancy, shiny, inexplicable bits of medical tech that they've got floating around. Right. Well, moving forward, you know, things go wrong, demons are unleashed, people are hallucinating, and then that's when you start to see characters try and take action. Dr Weir wants to go and activate

the failsafe circuit to turn off the gravity track. Right. What's weird is how inconveniently placed the failsafe circuit is. Furthermore, and it's in this tunnel that, as far as I can tell, is composed of circuit board, which I think is probably a categorically bad idea for I mean, first, it's sharp, like, it's delicate, you don't really want to

be crawling around on top of it. It reminded me of those scenes and Star Trek the Next Generation whenever anything was seriously wrong with the ten miles away, Like maybe we should start putting that stuff closer to where we work, guys. Furthermore, it's a it's an entire tunnel made of circuit board, and he has to go to this one very specific panel, as far as I can tell, the only panel within this tunnel of circuit board, and

pull out another piece of circuit board and do something too. Yeah. Yeah, the expansion slot for the event horizon is in an inconvenient location. Go buy a different ship, guys. Uh So. Also, I have a little plot note here. The commanding officer of the Lewis and Clark comes to a conclusion, right right she She says to the captain that she thinks, based upon I don't believe zero evidence whatsoever, that the ship is alive. Now, first of all, she's right, but

this turns out to be the fantastical element of the film. Yes, but how she I made the same note. I was just like, I'm not sure where she got that, And it was very convenient, like the audience is picking up on it, but the characters shouldn't. Necessarily I did. I did read that um, nearly half an hour of footage was taken out of the film before it went to theaters, possible, and and that a lot of that was was more

along the gore end. And I think that the film benefited from not having that in there, because I thought that the subtle flashes of gore were very effective here. But maybe that was part of maybe that, maybe that gave her some of the feelings she had. Maybe not, we don't know. The Captain describes what fire and zero G is like and gets it almost exactly wrong, super wrong. He says that it's like liquid, which Laurence fishburn. So he's very dramatic about it. Yeah, not like me. I

can't I can't manage drama. Well, I can't manage drama, but I'm not dramatic. Uh. Yeah, he says it's like liquid. I I interpreted that to mean that he thought it was like liquid on a surface that has gravity, like it behaves like liquid wood on Earth. Um, even if you meant liquid and zero G, it's not exactly true.

If you were to say, light a match in a zero G environment or a micro gravity environment, it would the flame would form a little globe around the match head, and it would probably burn in a very very uh faint but very hot flame like you would usually get a little blue flame around the head of the match sticks upposedly elongated yellow yellow exactly, So fire does behave in an interesting way in zero G, but not really like liquid um. I have a little bit about Cooper.

We gotta talk about Cooper. Yeah, yeah, So so this is moving. As the plot moves forward, like we said, it becomes a little bit more fantastical, and therefore we don't have quite as many things to complain about. Are

lovingly complain about. But yes, so so during one of these spacewalks wherein one of the crew members, Cooper is trying to repair the Claris and Clark, uh, there's an explosion, massive catastrophic explosion that destroys the Lewis and Clark and and shuttles this little bit of ship that he was standing on, spinning wildly off into space. Right, so Cooper is on He's tethered to this piece of the ship and the ship is hurtling off into space with Cooper

on it. Cooper has no real means of he has no means of getting He doesn't have like a jet packet pack, which is terrible because I mean NASA and has jet packs and standard and every space suit and

I guess standards just slipped anyway standards. First thing he does is he matches himself from the rotating UH stuff, which is problematic too, and that if you were on a rotating piece of equipment and then you let go somehow, and considering that you weigh less than the rotating piece of equipment, you're going to start moving at a slightly different rate of speed, and your your mass is different. You're still conserving the angular momentum, so but your mass

is different. So you're gonna speak, You're gonna turn faster. So we can see this on earth if you are on say ice skates, and you start spinning and then you pull your arms in, or you can try this in your office if you like, sit on a chair that can spin around and around, have someone start spinning. You have your arms out and then start pulling your

arms in. You will start to spin faster if you're do If you're listening to this in an office right now, I recommend doing this and just seeing just to see what reaction your code until everybody when they ask you why you're doing that that Josh and Chuck told you to, because we don't want to heat anyway. So if you were to actually detach yourself. You would start spinning even faster. This is also a problem I have with the film, uh Gravity, which I don't think it's a spoiler because

it happens within the trailer. So anyway, Um. He then ends up designed to use his oxygen supply as a means of propelling himself back to the event Horizon, and he vents his oxygen and rockets back to the ship. I have a couple of problems with the way this was depicted. Yeah, and just the fact that it would be physically impossible, the fact that he would Yeah, he would have no way of really directing your flight in a meaningful way, and nor would you necessarily be flying

without going into an even crazier tailspin. Yeah, it's kind of It's problematic, but you know, dramatic, it's fun Cooper. So Cooper becomes a superspaceman and flies back to the event Horizon. Um, and then I've got uh, I only have one other real note, and I'll and Lauren, I'll ask you what else you have to say about this. But the last bit is the event Horizon has a whole breach in the bridge area, and that this point the possessed doctor were spoiler alert, is is attacking Laurence Fishburne,

not the not the character. It's Lawrence fish They've they've gone so meta. No, it's Lawrence Fishburn's captain character. So doctor were possessed is attacking the captain and the breach the hall has breached. Dr were gets flung out into space technically blown out into space, not sucked out because

the air pressure. So the captain ends up trying to crawl up or crawled past where the the hallway ends at the bridge, so they can seal it off and thus repressurize part of the event horizon and not get blown out into space. I'm not sure that you'd be able to do that, Like I don't considering how much was flying past him, I don't know that you would have the strength to hold on, but or that the materials they was holding onto it when you're just right, Yeah,

that's I felt very much the same way. I think that if um, I think that would be hard enough in the end of pressure differentiation that you've got in an airplane, let alone in in the vacuum of space. Right, So it's he has herculean strength and he manages to make it Laurence Fishburn. He manages to make it into the hallway, and not only does he make it into the hallway, he's also able to rescue a fellow crew member and pull her to safety before closing the doors

and sealing it off. UM. I also thought that this would probably make their problem of very little breathable air somewhat exacerbated. Right. And also also I was confused that within this very same movie, a little bit earlier on one of the other crew members, um head Head, in a hallucination driven fit, locked himself an air lock and

was going to blow himself out into space. And as that cabin depressurized, UM, it gave you a lot of really great practical gore effects of his of his veins starting to pop, and his eyes bleeding, and all of these all of these terrible, terrific horror elements. Um And and none of that happens to these main characters. He's build higher with higher billing, You don't you don't get those easily palpable eyeballs. Oh, I see, I see, that's that's cool, all right, benefit of the job. When you

raise a rank, you just get better eyeball. Yeah. Uh, at any rate, that is. That's kind of silly. Do you have any other notes that you would like to share? Um, I guess. Also, speaking of that airlock situation, it's one of my favorite goofy movie tropes, wearing UM, something terrible is about to happen in an airlock and you have

to hack the door. You always have to hack the door, and the hacking of the airlock door is always accompanied by um pulling the panel out and mussing about with wires, and it always takes approximately four seconds longer to do than you actually have. I just I just love that that one little silly Well, it's also fun that he curls up into a ball, flies out of the airlock, is caught by the captain who's in a spacewalk, who jumps back into the airlock and manages to get him

back into the ship. That's pretty amazing. Yeah, as a Superman rescue you and it is a Superman rescue that that is. I think later on there's a certain point at which people out run some space flames. Yeah, there's some space flame out running there's an explosion, right, Yeah, there's also you know, we didn't really mention it. The pathway to get to the gravity drive. The hallway that goes through to the gravity drive itself is lined with

explosives just in case. Yeah, there's there's explosives to separate the bridge from the gravity driving case of case failure. Everyone who has watched Star Trek nows sometimes it's really important to separate the dish from here exactly. You can use it as a life I don't think you would necessarily need a neck that long to be able to

do this, but that's okay. Now, the thing I was going to talk about is that really short hallway where you've got the spinning saw blades of death all around you, right, what was that for effect? Yeah? It was creepy. I know that Dr Weir said something in passing as they were walking down the hallway, but it literally made no sense to me. Yeah, me, me neither. I didn't I

didn't catch what he said. I I kind of like I was sort of watching a going like, I'm not going to rewind for that one, because I'm going to explain in any satisfying way what this this hallway of saw teeth is doing here. It kind of makes me think of all the parodies of Star Wars and other movies where the characters are standing right at the edge of a really sharp drop in the middle of like The Death Star, and like, why don't we put up

a railing? You know, it's kind of that same sort of why did we put all these jagged saw blades around this corridor? For? My favorite part about that corridor though, is the dramatic tension involved in it, because it is one of the few places on the ship that something bodily horrible does not happen to anybody, and it so sharp it looks like a tumbler specifically for killing people. It looks it looks like welcome to the abattoir corridor. This is where we will grind you into teeny tiny bits,

but it never happens. It is pretty interesting. Um but but you know, I so so overall, I'm going to give this film a um a gold star for trying. I enjoyed it for what it was. It's a funge lucky in a horror movie. There's some great bad acting in it. Yeah, I think that. I think that Sam Neil did uh did did a good job as a really overblown dramatic villain. Yeah. I hope you guys enjoyed that classic episode. It was so much fun to talk about the technology of a specific film. I should do

more of those. Maybe I should do one about the Matrix series, because that would be a lot of fun, I think. But if you guys have any suggestions for future topics, whether it's about a specific film, technology, or just a tech topic in general, send me a message on Twitter. The handle is tech stuff hsw not taught to you again really soon. Text Stuff is an I

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