Step 1 Basics (USMLE) - podcast cover

Step 1 Basics (USMLE)

Sam Smith•sites.libsyn.com
Education
Science
Natural Sciences
USMLE Step 1 audio lessons designed to be listened to over and over again. Episodes cover material from many different areas including the cardiovascular system, pulmonary system, microbiology, and more! Listen when at the gym, commuting, cooking, or whenever you are on the go. Episodes are written, recorded, and mixed by Sam Smith.
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Episodes

Cardio| Heart Block

1.25 Heart Block Cardiovascular system review for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Dec 07, 2022•3 min•Season 1Ep. 25

Cardio| SVC Syndrome

1.24 SVC Syndrome Cardiovascular system review for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Dec 07, 2022•1 min•Season 1Ep. 24

Cardio| Aortic Dissection

1.23 Aortic Dissection Cardiovascular review for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Dec 07, 2022•2 min•Season 1Ep. 23

Cardio| Cardiomyopathies

1.21 Cardiomyopathies Cardiovascular system review for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Dec 05, 2022•6 min•Season 1Ep. 21

Cardio| Atherosclerosis

1.20 Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular system review for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Dec 05, 2022•3 min•Season 1Ep. 20

Cardio| Fetal Alcohol Exposure

1.19 Fetal Alcohol Exposure Cardiovascular system review for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Dec 05, 2022•54 sec•Season 1Ep. 19

Cardio| Eisenmenger Syndrome

1.17 Eisenmenger Syndrome Cardiovascular system review for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Dec 05, 2022•2 min•Season 1Ep. 17

Cardio| Ebstein Anomaly

1.16 Ebstein Anomaly Cardiovascular review for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Dec 05, 2022•1 min•Season 1Ep. 16

Cardio| Tetralogy of Fallot

1.12 Tetralogy of Fallot Cardiovascular system review for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Dec 05, 2022•2 min•Season 1Ep. 12

Cardio| Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

1.11 Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Cardiovascular system review for the USMLE Step 1 exam. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect where the ductus arteriosus, a connection between the pulmonary artery and aorta, fails to close after birth. PDA results in oxygenated blood being shunted into pulmonary circulation, leading to volume overload in the pulmonary circulation and eventually the left side of the heart. Symptoms include tachycardia, tachypnea, machine-like constant mu...

Dec 05, 2022•3 min•Season 1Ep. 11

Cardio| Localization of MI on ECG

1.10 Localization of MI on ECG Cardiovascular system review for the USMLE Step 1 exam T Myocardial infarction (MI) can be localized by identifying changes in various ECG leads Anterior STEMI: ST elevation in precordial leads V3, V4, indicating occlusion of the distal left anterior descending artery (LAD) Lateral MI: ST elevation in leads I, aVL, aVR, and precordial leads V5, V6, caused by an occlusion of the LAD Septal MI: ST elevation in leads V1, V2, V3, caused by an occlusion to the LAD Infer...

Dec 02, 2022•2 min•Season 1Ep. 10

Cardio| Heart Sound Locations

1.09 Heart Sound Locations Cardiovascular system review for the USMLE Step 1 exam. Heart sound locations include the aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid, and mitral positions Mnemonic to remember the positions: "all physicians take money" (aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid, mitral) Aortic position: 2nd intercostal space on the right side of the chest Pulmonic position: 2nd intercostal space on the left side of the chest Tricuspid position: 5th intercostal space on the left side of the chest Mitral position: 6...

Dec 02, 2022•2 min•Season 1Ep. 9

Cardio| S2 Splitting

1.08 S2 Splitting Cardiovascular system review for the USMLE Step 1 exam S2 splitting is a phenomenon where the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves occur at different times, resulting in two heart sounds heard at what is normally S2. Four types of splitting: physiologic or normal splitting, wide splitting, fixed splitting, and paradoxical splitting. Physiologic splitting is normal and occurs when a person takes a deep breath and the difference between the closure of the aortic and pulmonic...

Dec 02, 2022•6 min•Season 1Ep. 8

Cardio| S3 vs S4 Sounds Only

1.05a S3 vs S4 Sounds Only Compare the S3 and S4 heart sounds directly. This podcast does not explain the physiologic difference between the sounds or the associated diseases. See the individual podasts for that information.

Dec 02, 2022•1 min•Season 1Ep. 5

Cardio| Diastolic Heart Murmurs

1.07 Diastolic Heart Murmurs Cardiovacular system reveiw for the USMLE Step 1 exam. Diastolic heart murmurs occur when blood flow is turbulent during the diastolic phase of the heart Two diastolic murmurs discussed: aortic regurgitation and mitral stenosis Aortic regurgitation is caused by blood leaking backwards from the aorta into the left ventricle, resulting in a high pitched decrescendo murmur heard during diastole Aortic regurgitation is associated with conditions such as aortic root dilat...

Dec 02, 2022•6 min•Season 1Ep. 7

Cardio| S4 Heart Sound

1.05 S4 Heart Sound. Cardiovacular system reveiw for the USMLE Step 1 exam. The S4 heart sound, also called an S4 gallop or atrial gallop, is an extra sound that is heard in late diastole, just before S1 It is caused by a stiff ventricle S4 is mostly pathogenic and almost never normal, unlike S3 It is associated with diseases that cause the ventricles to stiffen like hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and diastolic heart failure In the case of an athlete with physiological hypertrophy of the ventricles...

Nov 18, 2022•3 min•Season 1Ep. 5

Cardio| Systolic Heart Murmurs

1.06 Systolic Heart Murmurs Cardiovacular system reveiw for the USMLE Step 1 exam. Heart murmurs occur when blood flow is turbulent in the heart, producing a whooshing or swishing sound 4 different sounding systolic murmurs discussed: Ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, aortic stenosis, and mitral/tricuspid regurgitation Patent ductus arteriosus is a machine-like murmur that is constant (heard during systole and diastole) Patent ductus arteriosus: "People who constantly PDA dese...

Nov 18, 2022•11 min•Season 1Ep. 6

Cardio| S3 Heart Sound

1.04 S3 Heart Sound Cardiovacular system reveiw for the USMLE Step 1 exam. The S3 heart sound, also called an S3 gallop or ventricular gallop, is an extra sound that occurs in early diastole during the ventricular filling phase It can be normal for some people and a sign of disease in others It is caused by a dilated or floppy ventricle and is associated with dilated or floppy ventricles. S3 can also be caused by increases in volume load on the ventricles It is commonly found in children and you...

Nov 18, 2022•3 min•Season 1Ep. 4

Cardio| Hemodynamics

1.03 Hemodynamics. Cardiovacular system reveiw for the USMLE Step 1 exam. Hemodynamics studies blood flow through the body Volumetric flow rate (Q) describes the volume of material moving through space per unit time, in terms of psychiatry it is the amount of blood moving through a vessel per unit time Volumetric flow rate is proportional to radius to the 4th power, so when radius increases, volumetric flow rate increases Resistance is a measure of a blood vessel's opposition to blood flow Resis...

Nov 18, 2022•5 min•Season 1Ep. 3

Cardio| Cardiac Output Equations

1.01. Cardiac Output Equations Cardiovascular system reveiew for the USMLE Step 1 exam. Equations that describe cardiac output and cardiac performance Cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood volume pumped by the heart per min, typically given in L/min CO is equal to stroke volume (SV) times heart rate (HR) SV is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure (PP = SBP-DBP) High pulse pressure can be caused by ...

Nov 18, 2022•7 min•Season 1Ep. 2

Cardio| S1, S2, and the Cardiac Cycle

1.01. S1, S2, and the Cardiac Cycle. Cardiovascular system reveiew for the USMLE Step 1 exam. Two main heart sounds are s1 and s2, also known as "lub" and "dub" S1 corresponds to closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves S2 corresponds to closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves The pause between s2 and s1 is longer than the pause between s1 and s2 in a normal cardiac cycle Elevated heart rate can make it harder to distinguish the two sounds The noise produced by the valves slamming shut, like...

Nov 18, 2022•3 min•Season 1Ep. 1
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