Episode description

Bertram Malle, PhD teaches social cognitive science and social psychology at Brown University, he’s the author of dozens of articles and has focused his recent work on how humans feel about robots, and researches how the etiquette and facial abilities of robots impact how we perceive them.

His research indicates that the more human-looking a robot is – especially in its “face” – the more humans are likely to attribute emotions or moral codes to them. Bertram’s work reminds us that the context we experience robots in influences the relationships we build.

Maybe more importantly, Bertram reminded us that robots must be designed to exist in very specific contexts. The appearance and communication abilities of a robot that checks us into a doctor’s office needs to be very different from the robots we use to assist us with making an airline reservation.

While that may be intuitive on one level, it highlights the remarkable complexity required in the design and manufacturing of these robots. Each one needs to be built for a specific purpose – there is no one-size-fits-all with robots. Bertram reminded us that it’s difficult to imagine that robots will ever reach the complexity and flexibility of their human counterparts.

We also parsed out the differences between hope and optimism. This topic was particularly important to because we’re too often conflating the two. Hope, Bertram explained, is something we have when we lack confidence or influence in the outcome. And optimism exists where we might have some degree of influence over the outcome.

We hope you enjoy our conversation with Bertram Malle.

© 2021 Behavioral Grooves

Bertram Malle, PhD email:  bfmalle@brown.edu

Social Cognitive Science Research Lab (Brown University): http://research.clps.brown.edu/SocCogSci/index.html

Bertram Malle, “Theory of Mind”: https://nobaproject.com/modules/theory-of-mind

Bertram Malle & Patty Bruininks “Distinguishing Hope from Optimism and Related Affective States”: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226421327_Distinguishing_Hope_from_Optimism_and_Related_Affective_States

Bertram Malle Selected Publications: http://research.clps.brown.edu/SocCogSci/Publications/publications.html

ABOT: http://www.abotdatabase.info/

MIT Lab on Automated Vehicles: https://www.media.mit.edu/research/?filter=everything&tag=autonomous-vehicles

“Her” film: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Her_(film)

“Ex Machina” film: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex_Machina_(film)

TAY: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tay_(bot)

Isaac Asimov: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov

Jóhann Jóhannsson: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3hann_J%C3%B3hannsson

Hildur Guðnadóttir: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hildur_Gu%C3%B0nad%C3%B3ttir

Fritz Heider, PhD & Marianne Simmel, PhD, “An experimental study of apparent behavior”: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1945-01435-001  

Common Biases and Heuristics: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XHpBr0VFcaT8wIUpr-9zMIb79dFMgOVFRxIZRybiftI/edit?usp=sharing

Minnesota Timberwolves: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Timberwolves

Radiohead “Hail to the Thief”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8MdwaUtW_D4

Esbjörn Svensson Trio “Seven Days of Falling”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7KXq6RJ0PA

Bill Dixon “Motorcycle ‘66”: https://youtu.be/ZcO8zfp-FLg

Tyshawn Sorey “Unfiltered”: https://tyshawn-sorey.bandcamp.com/album/unfiltered

Sigur Ros “Brennisteinn”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oc6zXSdYXm8

Hildur Gu∂nadottir “Unveiled”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzaxVFc9oIs

Anders Hillborg “Violin Concerto No. 1”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jrJ7rhQDjsE

Daniel Lanois with the Venetian Snares: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9u93SDxNsk

Daniel Lanois with Parachute Club: https://www.discogs.com/The-Parachute-Club-Rise-Up/release/1209691

The Bad Plus “Never Stop II”: https://thebadplus.bandcamp.com/album/never-stop-ii

Iceland Symphony Orchestra, “Recurrence”: https://nationalsawdust.org/thelog/2017/02/16/playlist-9/

David Chesky, “Jazz in the new harmonic”: https://chesky.com/products/jazz-in-the-new-harmonic-david-chesky-download

Kings of Leon, “Sex on Fire”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RF0HhrwIwp0

“Annihilation” soundtrack: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M9eidResq9g

“Tenet” soundtrack: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVMkvCTT_yg