US Space Command was re-established in 2019, with responsibility for all military operations in outer space. But how much adversarial competition are we actually seeing in this domain? General Stephen Whiting, Commander of US Space Command, discusses the realities of space warfare, how multi-domain integration of military capabilities involves the space domain, and how we can work better with allies to ensure resilient space architectures. This episode was recorded in August 2024.
Dec 19, 2024•24 min•Season 1Ep. 47
The US is the undisputed predominant space power. But for how long? While Western private companies such as Space X are entering and often dominating the space sector, China’s space power is also increasing, with private space launch enterprises such as that of Galactic Energy. Todd Harrison, Senior Fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, joins the podcast to discuss what the US must do now to stay ahead of the game. How should it interact with the private sector and where its priorities li...
Nov 28, 2024•27 min•Season 1Ep. 46
How does space power fit into German defence thinking, and has this changed since German Chancellor Olaf Scholz called for a ‘Zeitenwende’ in 2022? When Chancellor Scholz addressed the nation shortly after the large-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, a fundamental reconfiguring of Germany’s defence policy and budget was promised. The word Zeitenwende (‘turning point’) usually refers to the shift from one era to another, but two years on from his speech, much remains business-as-usual. Joining us...
Oct 31, 2024•23 min•Season 1Ep. 45
We hear about the dangers of space debris all the time – the high velocities with which discarded or disused manmade objects travel around the Earth and the threat that high-speed impacts, even of small debris pieces, pose to satellites. Technologies are currently being developed to mitigate this, including by the company Astroscale. Alex Godfrey, Business Development Manager at Astroscale, talks to us about the technical challenges of debris mitigation, as well as future missions and trends. We...
Sep 26, 2024•24 min•Season 1Ep. 44
There is no pan-European approach to space. Instead, there is a diverse set of European actors, agencies and infrastructures that are making a mark on the final frontier. Who exactly is involved in the various European space endeavours and what are their projects? Are the constellations of Copernicus and Galileo the limit of ambition or will we see further projects and a tie into NATO? Mathieu Bataille, Research Fellow and Lead on Security and Defence at the European Space Policy Institute, join...
Aug 29, 2024•28 min•Season 1Ep. 43
Keeping track of satellites requires space situational awareness (SSA). But how does one acquire this information, and how subjective is the data that we receive? Sean Goldsborough, Business Leader at Raytheon NORSS, talks to us about the art of satellite tracking. We discuss the difference between SSA and space domain awareness (there is a distinction!), how the technology underlies military applications, and how the data available could potentially be used for nefarious purposes – for example,...
Aug 01, 2024•29 min•Season 1Ep. 42
Space launches in 2024 are routine events – new satellites enter orbit on a weekly basis, and the industry is changing fast. In this episode, we examine the increasing commercialisation of space and its implications, including how access to (relatively inexpensive) launch facilities has changed the satellite market, and how states and commercial companies are now working together to meet new demands. Dr Michelle Parker, Vice President, Space Mission Systems at Boeing Defense, Space & Securit...
Jun 27, 2024•27 min•Season 1Ep. 41
After three years of setting up and running UK Space Command, Air Vice Marshal Paul Godfrey joins us to discuss the lessons learned and explains why setting up the Command felt a bit like running a start-up. The discussion covers the road to integration, partnerships and why training with terrestrial alternatives to space services is important for the whole of the armed forces. Lastly, we discuss space's PR problem and how this could be solved in the future. Be part of the solution – listen in t...
May 30, 2024•33 min•Season 1Ep. 40
Does a state's power on Earth translates into influence in orbit – and vice versa? Dr Jana Robinson, Managing Director of the Prague Security Studies Institute, presents her research on what she calls the ‘ground-based space race’, where authoritarian states fund parts of the space economy in third countries to gain influence and shape their voting decisions. This is especially important as norms and values are still being discussed within the UN. We discuss these economic and financial threats ...
Apr 25, 2024•28 min•Season 1Ep. 39
Multilateral efforts to prevent an arms race in outer space have been going on for decades. The most recent efforts include a UN resolution that intended to solve existing gridlocks by getting states to discuss what responsible behaviours in space look like. The problem of dual use – using space assets for military purposes or as a weapon – will continue to make verification of the nature of assets difficult. However, responsible behaviours that promote transparency on how these assets are used ...
Feb 29, 2024•30 min•Season 1Ep. 38
There is a persistent perception that space is a lawless place. Professor Steven Freeland, Emeritus Professor of International Law at Western Sydney University and Professorial Fellow at Bond University, joins us to explain why that is not the case. We discuss the current multilateral rules that govern orbits, as well as where additions may come in in the future, why they might be necessary and what obstacles are currently preventing us from reaching multilateral consensus. As well as this, we t...
Jan 25, 2024•36 min•Season 1Ep. 37
Orbits are getting busier, frequencies are taken up, collisions are becoming likelier and the resulting space debris is endangering satellites ... are we really running out of space in space? John Janka, Chief Officer, Global Government Affairs and Regulatory at Viasat, discusses with us the various factors that make up space sustainability, including frequencies, physical space and effects on the atmosphere. We discuss what measures can be taken to avoid an overcrowding of the orbits and how me...
Dec 21, 2023•28 min•Season 1Ep. 36
How do concepts of warfare apply to space? Is there such a thing as irregular warfare, asymmetric tactics or hybrid warfare in space? Dr John 'Patsy' Klein, Senior Fellow and Strategist at Falcon Research, Inc. and Adjunct Professor at the George Washington University Space Policy Institute and Georgetown University's Strategic Studies Programme, helps us unravel these terms, discussing how they apply to space and why strategies on war do not need to be rewritten for the ‘final frontier’.
Nov 30, 2023•27 min•Season 1Ep. 35
The Skynet Satellite Communications Programme is the UK's biggest space project; having started in the 1960s, it is currently in its sixth generation. Dr Richard Davis, Programme Director of Skynet 6 at UK Strategic Command, joins us to discuss what makes the current generation different from its predecessors, what the future of the programme may look like, and the organisational structures it falls under.
Oct 26, 2023•24 min
Space-enabled communications are vital to modern military operations. But it's not just the military that benefits from satellite communications; it's also governments, doctors and other emergency first responders. Rory Welch, Head of Global Government at IntelSat, discusses the various applications of satellite communications, as well as how the service is already woven into Multi-Domain Integration. We also consider the potential threats to satellite communications systems and ask what consequ...
Sep 28, 2023•30 min•Season 1Ep. 33
Are we back to counting tanks and trenches? Do the air and space domains matter in the context of the war in Ukraine? Air Marshal Johnny Stringer, Deputy Commander of NATO's Allied Air Command at Ramstein Air Base, explains why air superiority matters and why access to space and the capabilities it enables is so important. We discuss the lessons learnt from this war for peer-on-peer air and space operations, including the involvement of commercially available capabilities.
Aug 31, 2023•31 min•Season 1Ep. 32
Compared to the likes of the US, Russia and China, India's place among the preeminent space powers is often forgotten, despite its rich history in the domain dating back to the 1950s. Dr Namrata Goswami, Professor at the Thunderbird School of Global Management at Arizona State University, shares with us her research into India's space diplomacy, its capabilities and its new space policy, in which commercialisation plays a key role. We also discuss planned defence space capabilities and India's s...
Jul 27, 2023•29 min•Season 1Ep. 31
Russia was the first nation to enter space with satellite 'Sputnik' in 1957. Now, however, the Russian space industry seems to struggle to even maintain its current constellations, let alone contribute to future growth. Further, Russian troops do not seem adequately trained to integrate with space capabilities. Anna Maria Wårlind from the Swedish Defence Research Agency shares with us insights from her open source report on Russian space capabilities. We discuss the state of Russia's PNT, ISR an...
Jun 29, 2023•28 min•Season 1Ep. 30
Tim Marshall, author of the Prisoners of Geography series, joins us to discuss the geopolitics of space – ‘astropolitics’. But what is astropolitics exactly? And in the geography of space, what are the most contested areas? Marshall talks to us about why the South Pole of the Moon could be of future economic importance, and why commercial entities are now major players in this area.
May 25, 2023•25 min•Season 1Ep. 29
Is the UK taking the space threat seriously? How does one protect space assets from threats and balance reliance on commercial providers with the ’price point’ and broader financial burdens inherent in sovereign infrastructures? Nik Smith, Regional Director UK & Europe at Lockheed Martin Space, talks to us about space threats, lessons from Ukraine, and why the government delivering on space is important for both the public and industry.
May 02, 2023•26 min•Season 1Ep. 28
In 1983, US President Ronald Reagan announced the Strategic Defense Initiative, which became known as the ‘Star Wars’ programme. But was it really all about space? Dr Aaron Bateman, Assistant Professor of History and International Affairs at George Washington University (GWU) and member of the Space Policy Institute within the Elliott School of International Affairs at GWU, explains how thinking about space-based missile defence evolved and how earth observation capabilities played a role in the...
Mar 30, 2023•26 min•Season 1Ep. 27
With her eight-day mission in 1991, Helen Sharman became the first British person in space. She also became the first woman aboard the Mir Space Station. In this episode, Helen reflects on her training in Star City, and ponders what value human spaceflight brings to us and the evolution of safety in space missions. Looking ahead, what will happen to the International Space Station? And what might UK involvement in future crewed missions look like?
Feb 23, 2023•29 min•Season 1Ep. 26
What is the main driver of change - technology or strategy? Which one should it be? Kim Crider, former US Space Force Chief Technology and Innovation Officer and current Managing Director, AI Innovation for National Security and Defence at Deloitte, talks to us about the early days of the US Space Force and how one integrates tech, science and military strategy. The discussion then evolves into examining how these strategies filter down into tactical military planning, and the obstacles that can...
Jan 26, 2023•28 min•Season 1Ep. 25
With private space tech companies such as Starlink and Maxar making headlines during the Ukraine war, how have they affected the battlefield? And to what extent is the involvement of private companies new? Professor Jeremy Grunert, Assistant Professor of Law at the US Air Force Academy, answers these questions and more in the context of international space laws. This includes the question of whether an attack against a commercial asset could trigger NATO's Article 5.
Dec 22, 2022•32 min•Season 1Ep. 24
It takes a village to get to space. Melissa Thorpe, the CEO of spaceport Cornwall, talks to us about the UK's first sovereign launch, the stakeholders involved and what the future holds for the UK county of Cornwall regarding space. Why is a sovereign launch capability so important? What are the implications for the UK space sector? And how does one become a spaceport?
Nov 24, 2022•26 min•Season 1Ep. 23
Space has been a popular domain for power projection ever since the launch of Russia’s Sputnik in 1957. But how is soft power relevant in this domain? Dr Malcolm Davis, Senior Analyst at the Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI), joins us to take a closer look at how China is utilising soft power in the space domain. This includes Tiangong, its space station; space situational awareness (SSA) ground stations all over the world; and BeiDou, China’s GPS equivalent. Are these measures succes...
Oct 20, 2022•26 min•Season 1Ep. 22
Are space regulations doomed to lag behind the newest emerging technology in the sector? Anuradha Damale-Day, Policy Fellow and Programme Manager at BASIC, talks to us about how the development of space tech is having an impact on legal frameworks. Given her recent experience at the Open-Ended Working Group session on threats, held in Geneva, she ponders on the progress recorded in the international forum. What would be the impact of UN General Assembly Resolution 75/36 on reducing space threats...
Oct 03, 2022•27 min•Season 1Ep. 21
A bite-size explanation of the Chinese space programme, its ambitions and its underlying motivations. Dr Malcolm Davis, Senior Analyst at the Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI), talks to us about the future plans for space and the blurry boundaries between civil and military, private and state-owned. Finally, we talk about the concerns surrounding China's strides in active debris removal technology, which has a dual-use nature. Are the worries legitimate or should we focus on other tec...
Sep 15, 2022•28 min•Season 1Ep. 20
The space industry is a multibillion-dollar sector that is growing each year and becoming increasingly commercialised – the phenomenon of new space. But how exactly does it work? Who is funding the bulk of space activities? And does one need insurance as a space operator? Professor Akhil Rao, Assistant Professor at Middlebury College in the US, talks to us about the space economy and how we should understand it. We discuss how the rules of the road are shaping the industry, and how new ideas – s...
Sep 01, 2022•27 min•Season 1Ep. 19
What did the beginnings of the US space programme look like? Who was the strategist who decided to invest in it? And was the starting point President Kennedy's reach-the-moon promise, or President Reagan's 'Star Wars' programme? Dr Mark Shanahan, Associate Professor of Politics at the University of Surrey, unveils his research on the often-unappreciated influence of an earlier US leader: President Eisenhower and his two-term administration between 1953 and 1961. The discussion highlights lessons...
Aug 18, 2022•27 min•Season 1Ep. 18
