¶ Indigenous vs. Tribal Archaeology
I'm starting to regret the indigenous archaeology um yeah term yeah , well , hey , that's the thing . That's the thing , man , the word indigenous yeah , it's , it's a real thing , it used to be um what am ? What am I ? doing I'm tagging myself . Yeah , that was a term coined by .
Well , I don't know who coined it , but a guy named Joe Watkins kind of popularized . Joe Watkins Made it mainstream . Indigenous yeah . Indigenous archaeology .
Okay , oh with the archaeology on it .
Yeah , yeah , so that that's making it a different play off of that . Oh yeah , like it's its own field , right , okay , all right , but now I think I should have went with tribal archaeology , which is like that to me . That just seems more like I like that tribal term more . Yeah , it's cooler .
And you got to be cool man .
These days . We need all the help .
We need all the help but I don't , I mean , I don't know . Well , let's listen to this tune that I pulled from the archives and then let me get your thoughts on it . You ready for it ? Yeah here we go here we go .
Can you hear it ?
yeah , yeah , thank you . Yeah , in a smooth sort of way .
Wait one more green guest on my podcast . Oh my gosh . I mean honestly , let's think about one of my exes . Oh Boom . Boom . Dream guest on my podcast . Dream guest on my podcast .
Yeah , yeah , yeah , man , that's all .
Yeah , yeah , man , that's old uh , standoff 1987 , I don't know who was singing there , but kind of a catchy man . It has that classic like old agency black crossing . Oh yeah , man , it's a smooth .
It's a smooth sign it's like this guy I seen walking the other day . And you know , I'm living here in Vancouver and I'm out with the old fam eating and look out the window and there's just thousands of people walking all over . Anyway , there's this one guy and you could pick him right out and you say , oh , that's an Indian man .
You could pick him right out and you say , oh , that's a , that's an indian man . You could just tell . And that tune , you could play that tune , and you could just tell , I mean , it matched his walk . You know , you know how them kind of kind of indian guys walk there .
They got a little bit of a belly , you know , and they got a shirt with the sleeves cut off and you can I bet you can guess what kind of shoes they're wearing , given that the oh , they're wearing those , um , they're they kind of look like .
Are you talking about the running shoe ?
you kind of look well I know I'm just seeing what I'm seeing . I'm building the image .
So indian guy t-shirt with the sleeves cut off oh , sleeves cut off and for some reason I thought you're talking about the belly and no , no , yeah , well , it was , but yeah sleeves cut off .
He's got um , you know some what else he got on . What do you ? What else he got on ? Trunks , trunks , he got trunks on .
And then what he's got on his feet oh yeah , big trunks , you got trunks on and then what he's got on his feet oh yeah , big trunks , and on his feet wow , this guy could either have basketball shoes or flip-flops oh , now let's okay . Not basketball shoes , but crocs . No , no .
To be a little bit more specific now , this is probably a guy , maybe about , I don't know , maybe about six years younger than I , six to ten , somewhere around there , not basketball , oh man , not basketball shoes . No .
Not flip-flops , skater shoes , come on man ?
No , Just think about it . Slides man ? No , I don't know . Slides man ? Oh slides , socks and slides .
Socks and slides yeah , they're probably black . They're probably black slides too . God dang it . They're black , that's on me , man .
I know You've been behind the desk too long . This week .
I know man , I know , I know I should . You've been behind the desk too long this week . Oh man , yeah .
You got to get out more . You got to get immersed with your people again . Anyway , that song reminded me of his walk , you know , because he's kind of walked belly first , you know all those . Indian guys walk belly first , you know , got a little bit of a strut . You know all those Indian guys walk belly first , you know , got a little bit of a strut .
You know it's more of a bounce kind of a bounce . You do it more when you're walking with your pals , but if you're by yourself it's not so much .
Yeah .
But anyway .
Yeah , belly first . I like that Walk belly first .
If you're going to go into a place with confidence , you go belly first Go belly first .
That really sets the tone . Oh yeah , yeah .
People look and they see . What do they see ? Your belly .
And then they say this guy , this guy means business .
This guy means business . This guy means business . He's got the business . I like the ones who dress up . They get all dressed up with the button-up shirt . I'm saying this because I know I'm probably going to be there in about 10 years or less . I don't know . They wear the button-up shirt and the sport coat , but it don't matter , the belly is still first .
Those buttons are just tight . You know , you dare not button that sport coat . It won't hold at all .
It ain't going to hold at all . You ever look at people and they dress up and it looks like they're going to court , like you see , like an indian dude , and you're like man , I shouldn't judge this guy like I shouldn't I shouldn't do this to him , but it really looks like he's going to court . That don't look like . That's how he dresses .
He's not going to work . This guy's going to court . Hey man , I texted a song . Is there a way to play it ? Yeah , yeah .
Yeah , you can usually tell by the kind of shoes they're wearing . You know , the shoes just don't quite match because shoes is kind of an investment .
You know you gotta yeah , if you're just gonna if you're just like what kind of a wearing it for a one-time deal , you're not gonna , yeah , fully invest in no , no , no , no reason .
No reason to invest , so you just wear . You know you get the cheap ones that kind of look like plastic , I don't know . Okay , I'm gonna show you wanted me to play this song yeah , I mean , it reminded me of that song .
You're just playing your request from crow . This is from crow .
Okay , your request has been fulfilled . Okay , here we go .
Yeah .
It's kind of the same feel .
Thank you , here we go .
Yeah , mm-hmm . What is that ? That's a hot dance song , as per the title .
That's just what crows call , what everybody else calls war dance or grass dance , the war dance .
Yeah , it has the same man .
that's a good song .
It is . It's got a little melody . You know that's what I think about it A little melody
¶ Discussion on Singing Protocol
kind of floats around .
So even though the crows are kind of in eastern Montana , we kind of get culturally by other tribes , get lumped in with like the Lakotas and the Arapahos and the Cheyennes , yeah . But when you listen to our music , to me it sounds more like how Nez Perce people sound and Salish people and Blackfeet people .
Yeah , and this might contradict even what I've said in the past . But the Blackfoot people have a distinct beat , like kind of a tempo to their style . But the way songs are composed it seems like it fits like how Rocky Boy people sound and sing . It's more like I don't know , it just has a different . It's pretty nuanced .
I guess what that is , because powwow music sounds like powwow music to everybody . But you can tell People know like people pay attention to singing . There's a certain it's hard to explain , like I was even trying to explain it . There's a young drum group here .
They're just starting out out like they made their debut , like last week and yeah , they sound pretty good for a new drum group and one of my relatives sings with them and he came up he said well , how did we sound ? I said you guys sound good young , sound young . And he took that as like a . I think he took that as kind of like a diss .
But it's like no , no , like your song style is young , it's like young people shit , you know yeah , yeah like if you came out to me and you were singing . If your sound not and I don't mean sound like yeah literally like the way the songs you're choosing to sing .
The songs they were young , real young , modern , and I wouldn't even say contempt , but there's almost like Mystic River , straight but young voices . Some of them are older dudes , but their voices are young .
It seems like there's a temptation , when you're just starting out , not even even you know , when you kind of get past that starting out moment , like you realize that you need , um , you need your own songs , you need to sing your own material and if you don't have a kind of that gift or people to gift you , songs then seem like the songs are that are
composed or something like that . You know , that's what it reminds me of , kind of I don't know , not refined , you know in a way , yeah and it's hard to explain unless you know singing .
Even I'm not a great singer and I'm not even like as experienced as a lot of people , but I've sang enough with enough knowledgeable people to know like I've almost become more of a fan of it as opposed to being a singer anymore yeah but like listening to them . And then there's another drum group that's about two years ahead of them . Yeah .
And you can tell like their voices are still young and they're still developing their voices , but like their beat is a lot more like there's a bounce to it . Now the songs they're choosing to sing have a little more liveliness to them .
Whatever that is and that's hard to explain , but the the young , young people and I I'm guilty of it too yeah , songs that are fun to sing when you first start singing are like painted horse .
You remember how like painted horse used to sound yeah , yeah the way , the way we are , songs , you know like hey , uh , wait , wait , oh wait , uh , hey , we oh wait , uh , hey , yeah , oh wait , oh well , hey , you know , I'm just making it up , but there's like , uh , like , and you're just kind of like like it's hard to explain , but you're like yeah like
let us , let us bring it home .
It's like telling a joke that you think's real funny and nobody laughs nobody laughs .
But you're like , but your friends all laughed at it . So then you start a drum group together so like , yeah , I just think about it , and actually I've been thinking a lot about this the last week or so . Yeah . Because there was a pretty well-known singer here that passed away . Oh .
And I'm sure you've heard of him , Austin Little Light Nighthawk Juniors , you know . Oh yeah . Like he was like the main guy .
We're close in age but yeah , when they , when he first started that drum group with his brother and there's like there's a handful of them , yeah , I I started singing with them at the very beginning , you know , and I and I so I remember like that kind of that , the excitement of starting a drum group together , you know , or the excitement I I wouldn't say I
started the drum group with them . I just kind of . It was almost like we we had like three , four guys we were singing on our own for a short time and they had their .
They were like , hey , let's get together and sing , ended up not working out , but that excitement of , like we know , five songs yeah , right , and it's like and just thinking about like how much ? Because you know I'm a human .
So I started thinking about like , oh man , like he's gone , like I remember singing in his living room , or he come to our house and singing and I was thinking you don't know anything , like you don't know nothing so then , when you think about someone who starts a drum group , whether that drum group is good or not .
It takes a lot of balls to start a drum group oh man , yeah , especially in communities where there's a lot of experienced singers which are all judges . They're all judges and coaches and critiquers of what you're gonna do yeah , so for for him to start a drum group at that time .
I think it , it it's a it takes a lot man , takes a lot of guts to do that , because it's easy just to wait for somebody else to do it and then just sit with them just jump in sit with them you know , but like to say , no , we're going to do that and then to name your drum group after a really well-known drum group in Indian country , but also like
kind of a foundation traditional drum , like people who know and are really respected , you know , yeah , the Night yeah , but also like kind of a foundation traditional drum , like people who know and are really respected , you know yeah the nighthawks , nighthawk singers and all that .
So , yeah , so today , when I saw those young drums singing and then thinking about my own time starting out singing and not knowing anything but being like super jacked about it , like just wanting to sing , and just like , oh god , I don't care , I don't know , I didn't mean to cuss , but like , and for me it was always like round dance singing .
You know , that's what got me started . But yeah , I was thinking about . I just watching those two young drums today and I was thinking they're like it just reminded me of when I was 20 or 18 , 19 , you know . Yeah . And thinking damn like .
¶ Unspoken Hierarchy in PowWow Culture
But in that amount of time , from 2000 to now , these are the two youngest drum groups to start . There's no , there's nobody singing , hmm .
So Nighthawk started .
Yeah and Crow here . So Nighthawk juniors started roughly around then 2001 , 2002 . Yeah . So since from that time to now , there's really hasn't been . Hmm . So it's good , right , it's good . I think so . Yeah , I mean , yeah , it's , it's good that there's some young singers yeah yeah , so then .
So then that makes me think as a singer , or somebody who has experience in singing , when somebody asked my opinion , maybe I shouldn't give my opinion , maybe I should just say man , you guys sound good , keep it up , they're not asking for coaching yeah they're not asking for yeah , yeah because we just want , we didn't get a self-esteem boost yeah , because man
them singers like sargi o'horn and and uh , gary pretty paint , yeah and um frank caplet and clayton mountain pocket , they were like not patient , necessarily Good singers , but they weren't patient , so like if your stick was off they'd hit your stick , you know . Oh yeah , and so like .
Go a few another decade back , you'd get punched .
Yeah , dude . And then you know traveling or starting to travel around , and people are strict like you couldn't even reach over the drum .
No , no , pass things around like yeah , right and so , and people are very upfront like hey , don't do that , don't do that , don't do that so there's got to be that's kind of encouragement I , I don't know , it's kind of a problem .
I , I think today , you know , you see that in a lot of things , you know , you don't , you don't want to hurt people's feelings , you gotta reserve the critique in a certain way if you because , if you like , if you tell the truth , that's gonna , um , you know , not encourage people and they might give up like real , real sensitive .
You know that's an issue you think it is .
Yeah , no , it's an issue . But also , at the same time too , there's some benefit to those strict people . There's certain there is , because one . So so my cousin , uh , my cousin comes up we visit , a lot about singing , yeah . And then I said there's , there's more to singing than just singing a song , structurally just singing a song .
There's all this drum culture that's almost separate from even powwow yeah regular culture . There's this yeah drum culture . It's like drum rules even like where you're sitting at the drum is orchestrated and a lot of times you don't even have to talk about it , right ?
you already know yeah .
So like if I show up to a drum I've never sat at before and I'm just like , hey , I want to sing a song with you guys and they're like welcoming right , go for it . I I'm not gonna go sit right by their lead singer , right , I'm gonna like sit kind of over here .
I'm not gonna like try to take down beats or like ask for leads or say like hey , sing this song . It's like I'm just here , I'm just hitchhiking man , I'm yeah , I just want to sing a song and and so you learn . Like these weird rules , like that . I notice young kids don't learn because they're learning how to sing in school .
What yeah , like say , they go to school and they join an Indian club and they learn ?
how to sing at school .
Oh , right , right , right . So at school it's like it's a club Everybody's got to . You can't be mean to everybody , oh but . Oh yeah .
You start singing with , like experienced singers who , where their foundation is like ceremony , yeah , and then also like their dedication is to the drum , so like if these old guys would be like we're going to set up this weekend .
Whatever they said , they really do , like they really sit there and they really , you know young guys , they just and I'm guilty of it too , because I I learned the hard way too I had people I got kicked off of a drum before for that like just being too relaxed . So chill yeah .
So I wonder if these young guys , if they were ever to experience that , would it discourage them to the point where they quit singing ? Or would they be like , well , that's just the way singing is , so I gotta step up . I don't so my in my mind . I don't think that's how they think . They think all those guys are a-holes I'm not gonna be , around them .
But then when you realize you're like no , that's the culture of singing . There is a hierarchy in singing whether we like it or not , there is yeah , yeah yeah , yeah , I , you're right , man , that and that I don't know .
There's a couple problems there and I know we talk about we talk about problems , a lot about issues , and um this , this misconception about , um , our life ways , if you will like . Oh , there's no . There were no hierarchies among native people and thought , and everyone had a voice and an opinion , and all that and that sounds cool .
You know , it sounds like yeah , I guess , but that's not . I don't , that's not true , man . I don't think it's true . I don't think , unless I don't know , unless maybe the thing you're talking about now is , uh , and I don't want to say it , but I'm gonna say it , I hope I don't set you off Are you ready ? Maybe it's a colonial construct .
It seeped its way into tradition .
So you don't think there was a , you don't think all these rules existed in the past .
I don't , I don't think that .
I don't .
Not at all . But some may Think that , think oh well , you know , it's just Cause our ways .
Give me , give me an example . Give me an example of a rule that you think exists now , that didn't exist in the past . So I have some idea of what you're saying .
Oh , I don't even know .
Because right now you're just shitting all over the place . I'm just kidding , I'm just kidding . No , I want to know . I want to know . No , I don't know .
I'm just playing off of the stereotype that is continually perpetuated among non-Indians and Indians alike , that our way of doing things was largely non-hierarchical . You hear that often , right , yeah ?
that you're saying , that you agree . You agree that our system was non-hierarchical .
No , I agree that it is , that it was .
So you're agreeing with me then ?
I'm agreeing with you , man , yeah .
Oh , you made it sound like you were disagreeing with me .
Well , I wanted to argue . I wanted to get you on it . I wanted you were disagreeing with me . Well , I wanted to argue . I wanted to get . I wanted a good old-fashioned disagreement .
No , I I think there was , yeah , levels of hierarchy within tribes . I don't think tribes that's like real modern right , like this yeah egalitarian , like everyone's equals kind of . Thing it's like man I .
I just don't think it was like that , you know yeah I , I , I think of course there's an unspoke , there's unspoken shit , you know yeah yeah , and without a doubt , whether whether we want to believe it or not , in singing there's a hierarchy .
There is , there is yeah and like , and if there was ever A really , really Astute Native researcher that understood singing and wanted to write about it , I don't think it would take much To like , see it , to like Okay , this is how , like me , someone like me . Yeah , we'll go to what people call a traditional powwow , right ?
yeah , okay , today's version today's version of this generation's version . Yeah , yeah , which is just what , not a non-contest power right and let's just say , let's just say , let's just say um yeah . Let's say , let's say black stone , black lodge , let's just say , let's just say let's just say um , yeah .
Let's say , let's say Blackstone , black Lodge . Let's say Black Lodge . Singers were at this thing , right , okay , got it . Do you think I could just walk in and say oh , I want to sing and go up to that drum and pull my chair up and start singing ?
No .
No , they wouldn't , wouldn't happen .
Unless you're known , happen Unless you're known .
Unless they know me Now . Could Mike LaFramboise do that ? Or John Stiffarm ? Yeah , probably , man . They're probably not going to turn him away , right yeah ? And me as a singer . I would know I'd be like of course . Yeah , of course Go ahead , and course yeah , of course you're gonna let them go ahead and say it's safe .
Yeah , say what you're gonna say oh , I'll say , or even even for that matter , would they even do the same thing that you are describing ?
no see but also they wouldn't do that yeah because they . That's just not even their thing . For one , I mixed genres there . For people who don't know . I mixed Two straight singers singing with a contempt group , yeah , so it's probably not even going to happen , but yeah .
But yeah , we get the .
Yeah .
We get the flavor
¶ Social Dynamics in Native Gatherings
of it .
Yeah , it's really nuanced so sorry , that's .
You're pretty sorry today ? No , that's . You're pretty sorry today . Um , no , that's that's so . That's just human nature . I mean you , you can go to , you can talk about anything . Let's talk about plumbing .
Okay , 100 or I don't know , 30 year , a 30 year , 30 years in the in the business plumber um is not just gonna invite to you know someone who's just starting out to go do a real tough job . Right , there's a hierarchy , there's a , there's a order . You're gonna choose someone who's a bit more senior to help them with the tough job .
It's just about experience .
It's about experience and knowledge in that particular time in time I'm put in time , put in and it's a combination of that , because I've also seen people who sat at the drum for years , years and years and years and years and they still are considered like they're not someone who you would be like yeah , put on those . So it's a combination of those .
So , like certain plumbers , right , yeah , you could put five years in , I could put 15 years in . After a certain point you're just experienced . But then also , what did you do in that time ?
yeah and people recognize that , like I think I'm not even a big powwow guy , but I think it's also a good way to like gauge social behaviors of contemporary native people , because it's the largest social thing we do , right yeah , yeah , cross tribal , intertribal social affair , yeah yeah yeah at least , at least in yeah , at least in the plains , and and the
rockies here and the rockies , yeah , yeah yeah , you get outside of that too , though it starts to change , because then it it's it's so new with their people that they haven't they actually don't have those hang-ups yeah , yeah and so that's why some people say go to certain regions to powwow , because they like them .
I think partly because there's a freedom to it yeah , yeah , there's not those hang-ups .
There's not these weird hang-ups , you know sure , sure anyway , I never intended for this to be um a podcast about singing , but yeah , I was thinking about it because austin , the passing of austin little light , and then actually there was another passing of a guy named mike mike tucks , different , who oh yeah pretty respected singer from fort belknap yeah , he passed
away too , so two well-known singers yeah um , yeah , yeah , two very different cultural journeys .
You know both those people , so sure yeah , well , that's pretty interesting what's up , what's up , what's up what you're talking about is what's up ? Those are all interesting things in it , like I mean , sure it's . It's very specific , like the .
The thing you're talking about is very specific but , like you said , that phenomenon of the gathering of Native people to do this very specific thing , there are expressions of the way we think and the way we act and our mannerisms still exist there today . Now we don't want to get into the debate about whether it's ceremonial or not .
You know , I think we we talked about that , but that's less of the less of the of a of a thing that I that I kind of emphasize .
It's more that that the way people are really interested in , in , in how , um , native or indigenous people think , and there's a lot of um I think there's a lot of generalizations that don't quite capture the complexity and the thing , and the thing you brought up right now is a good example of that Like relational thought , you know , and holistic thought ,
non-reductive thinking , you know .
You can go on and on about these different attributes that are common in academic literature , about an Indigenous way of knowing and doing things , and one of them I guess that you hear a lot that I was kind of mentioning is this non-hierarchical sort of fluffy love , love , sort of lovey feeling that you get when you're interacting with native people .
I think it's far too romantic . You know we're humans and we have . You know , we got feelings and we have experience that tells us Well . So this is a good example . If you don't discipline your kid , if you just give them love , are they going to grow up right ?
¶ Struggles With Traditional and Academic Knowledge
Native people . We're not just all free , loving , relational , uh , um uh . Non non-hierarchical beings . We're subject to the rules of humanity , just like anybody else . I see it far too much . I see it far too much and people write about it still today . Indigenous scholars write about it and it just Everybody's voice matters . Everybody .
It's like I feel like these are people .
So there's , there's this weird Thing in academics where Native scholars if you were to take the number of Native scholars , just for this sake of conversation , master's degree and higher that are practitioners of their beliefs , not by their own standards but by their community standards Like , say , their community says like , if we went to the communities and said , hey ,
you pick out four scholars from your community , yeah , that you would say are practitioners , not people who are just talking about . Yeah , I think you'll find that the overwhelming majority is people who their own communities don't see them as practitioners of their culture , right ? Do you think that's fair to say ? Like , just from your observations ?
Is that unfair to say ?
You know , be honest , man , ah , man , well , yeah , I think so . I think so . You didn't want to agree with me .
No , I did want to agree with you , but you didn't want to agree with me .
No , I did want to agree with you , but I , I didn't want to cast too wide of a net , you know , because , well , no , okay , yeah , I'm , I agree and I'm just thinking about it . What ?
but I , we can only talk about our region really like I don't know what , the southwest or yeah , so everyone kind of knows what we're doing up here , but yeah , well , would you agree or disagree ?
no , I I think I agree , I think that I agree . And , um , I think one of the issues is there's , um , you know , there's a sort of this uh , well , okay , you know the state we're in , you understand the state we're in as native people . Where we we're , we're playing catch up with certain things that have been lost .
Well , there's , I guess there's two different routes , right , some people want to play catch up and try to revive things that have been lost . There's another group of people maybe they're sort of the same ones , but they're trying to revise or or uh , or uh , repurpose traditions to meet today .
Not consciously , it's just like this unconscious effort that's going on , right , so there's kind of those two little streams of people and in the meantime , we have this other thing happening , this other thing happening with , with the things that we need to to live in a modern world , right , education , education , people .
I mean , you remember when you're a kid , everybody tell you got to go to school , you got to do this , that well , yeah , and I'm a crow .
So we come from the most famous indian education quote ever .
Oh , yeah , yeah , let's hear it .
With with um . With the white man's education , you're his equal . Without it , you are his victim .
Chief money cruise right , yeah , yeah , there it is so it was freaking pushed .
It was pushed on us yeah , yeah , yeah , so you .
So you got that , you got that , those two things going right . Meantime , all the all , the um , I mean what I would view as sort of the traditionalists , right , the ones who grew up knowing a way that we didn't .
They never had the opportunity to go to school and I don't know if they were interested if that , if I had the same opportunity that we had today , would they go to school ? I don't know , I have no idea , but you have like these two sort of things that are mismatched , right .
So traditionalists generally , that that from what I call , like what I think of traditionalists that were , you know , raised by their grandparents , whose grandparents were raised by a generation that was the closest , as we know , to sort of the , the tp days , or , you know , the like the , the posts , like really post reservation days , when yeah , yeah things were as
intact as we can I mean you're limiting the the field like quite a bit now yeah , yeah , yeah , yeah . So you got , so you got this phenomenon going on and so meanwhile these two tracks are sort of moving forward , and so you just don't have that opportunity for those things to intersect . And additionally , I'm going to throw something else on top .
If you think about those who had the opportunity to become educated , those who have multi-generational success in achieving advanced education , those aren't , those aren't generally what you think of as the traditionalist type of people . No , no , I mean not . Not , I'm not making any judgment about any of it , but I'm just saying that's the fact .
It seems like the facts I should say yes yeah , and I think that's what .
That's what people have a hard time with yeah , yeah yeah , people have a hard time with well for one self-reflection right and looking at their own stuff like I wouldn't say I fit a lot of those even you know like . But yeah , but I also recognize all of that like I'm . I'm one of the few people who even talk about it .
I don't hear people have these conversations , do you no ?
no , no , no , it's a tough conversation to have , I think because it it also points , sheds light on your own stuff yeah you know , and it's like people don't want to sit around and talk about , especially in academics , because everybody's right , everybody has a voice and and everybody , yeah , okay , so for example in the grass dance ceremony . Okay .
Like in Crow , here we have like districts yeah , so the last two districts that are , I would say , somewhat active , meaning that that ceremony has Been practiced in the last 30 years . Is the Lodgegrass district and the Black Lodge district . I hold a position In that society , in that ceremony for the Lodgegrass district .
So in some ways , right yeah , I hold some authority with that ceremony . Okay , I'm the drum , I'm the drum owner , right Okay . But do I know everything about what I'm even supposed to do , or even about that ceremony ? No , yeah , I've never actually done the ceremony , I just hold the position , I have the title .
So how many scholars do you know they'll meet them both , like where there's experience plus title . So you have the authorization of somebody , like if some yeah oh man , we actually had this , this . This brought up a pretty . This reminds me of a pretty controversial topic that you and I were part of .
Oh , really what .
Yeah , where we had the owner of a certain ceremony , the owner of it who ? Wanted to research its origin . Yeah . And the IRB denied him , denied him yeah he was the researching scholar yeah and actually the owner of that particular ceremony with his people yeah and the institutional review board yeah . Denied his own research ?
Yeah , and that is to me like mind blowing . Yeah , I don't know why what we were talking about just now made me think of that . Yeah . But it's like who holds more authority in that research , the IRB or that person ? Yeah . I'm like why it's his . Yeah , he's the owner of it . Yeah .
Yeah , that's really complicated .
I mean , no , it's not complicated , it's pretty simple yeah for us , for us , it's pretty simple , but for them , like I remember even having these conversations and we're like wait , how do they not get it ?
yeah , yeah At what point if they were practitioners , the institutional review board at a tribal college , if they were practitioners at a basic level , they would say , well , at the end of the day , he holds the authority of that particular ceremony and if he's doing research on his own ceremony , that's who we would consult
¶ Navigating Indigenous Knowledge and Protocol
with . Anyway , if somebody came in and wanted to do the research on that ceremony , they would say , well , we would actually need to . We should figure out what the practitioners or the owners of those ceremonies think of that .
Well , this is the owner that's asking the question and why he it's so bizarre man , I forgot about that we're going to need him to read an informed consent to himself and , in addition , himself . Well , because the hangup was that he was going to talk about sacred knowledge , right and like things that the public doesn't need to know . Yeah , yeah .
But that he also is the person who can say who gets to know ? Yeah , because he's the owner of that , and we respect that authority . Yeah , it was recognized , people understood that that person owns that ceremony , so it's like , okay , well , I have no say over him , and that you know . Yeah .
Whether I believe he should have done it or not , it's , it's yeah it's not my place to say right that's like this , yeah , yeah , oh , I'm sorry , no , no , in fact no , let me hear the fact and , in fact , another issue that was brought up about this , this idea of understanding your community and where authorization is , and practitioner versus non practitioner .
We had another researcher that just wanted to film somebody yeah , doing sign language , and but , because that person yeah was seen outside of the popularity circle , it was like , no , we're shutting it down oh , yeah , but it was like . Well , that person's not even going after knowledge from the video .
The person they're videoing , she already knew the signs she was just having this guy act out the signs for plain sign language and I was like I'm taking crazy pills yeah , yeah and then . So then I thought , wait , wait , a second . The irb has now lost touch , the board has now lost reality of what their job is supposed to do .
Yeah , yeah , their job is not supposed to protect native scholars from native people yeah our native people from native scholars yeah if their job is supposed to , is people take being advantage of ? Are people fully aware of what they're sharing ? Who they're sharing information ? to and for what and for why ? Yeah .
But at no point should we be telling our own people that they can't talk to their own people . It was crazy to me . It was , it was . I forgot about that man .
Yeah , was it was I forgot about that man .
yeah , it's it , it would be a really interesting uh case study to , yeah , to really know what we were , what , what did you want to talk about ? What we were ?
just talking about . I don't know what I was talking about . Oh yeah , um , what was I talking about ? God dang it . I don't remember . I had a point .
I was getting to a point I know I'm sorry I messed up , that's my bad ?
well , no , I you know , I waded through your stories about singing , which is really important because it set the stage for this important , uh conversation about authenticity . I I hogged the car no , no , no , no , no , no , no . This is important . So , given all that we're talking about , okay , so number one yeah let's walk through it .
Number one this uh phenomenon of of singing and , uh , young singers um falling into a hierarchy of when , what , how , when and where to do things right . Yeah , there's a heart . You can't just walk into any old , any old powwow and sit down with anybody , you know . It just doesn't work like that .
Now , I had a question about that before I get to walk into the number . The second thing we talked about what if this happened ? Because they see this a lot and I want you to take on this because this falls in line to what I'm going to talk about about this . Next , this next idea of tradition .
So let's , let's okay , entertain me on this one so let's say there's let's go back to the scenario of the of this , this celebration . There's a famous drum group there , well-known across Indian country and into North America or American Canada , yep , okay , and then some I don't want to say a nobody , but nobody knows this person comes in and wants to sing .
So they approach this drum and if they're seeped in the literature of indigenous matters , academic indigenous matters , they would bring the lead singer a gift of tobacco and ask to sing with them . Now , would that drum group , do you think , in your opinion , allow them to sing with them ?
Now , would that drum group , do you think , in your opinion , allow them to sing with them ?
Well , that's a tough one , because that also yeah . I think the majority of drum groups that are like made it that far and like are well-known . I think they would . I think the majority of them , but I think there's a few that are also savvy enough to have an out . Yeah , yeah . For sure , man , you could sit down , man , for sure .
Thanks , man , I appreciate it . Come and sing a couple of songs with us , yeah , yeah .
I agree , I agree . But let's change the scenario now and let's see if it changes . Let's pretend same thing , same drum group , same person who doesn't know , nobody with some tobacco . Let's say this is a contest , powwow . Now .
No .
It's straight up . No , no Big difference between non-contest contest , powwow power . And why ? Why is it such a big difference ?
Money , something's on the line , man , money's on the line . And in fact , the way that person's told no , the comfort level is so Much different too . Like the lead singer would be totally comfortable with saying no , can't sing with us , contest , contest , can't sing with us yeah um , also , it kind of depends on where you're at , like .
Um , I feel like the further away that drum group gets from home , the more likely they are to actually let somebody sit down with them . Oh , yeah , yeah , that's true . Because , yeah , because I think , um for one , the people who are going to approach a drum group like that and try to sit down are typically singers , people who know how to sing .
Yeah , you know because someone who doesn't like singing doesn't know the difference between um young spirit and dirty corner singers . You know they don't know the difference , so like so , and if there's there's nothing on on line on the line , you know it's it's . It's more likely to be like that's cool .
But I actually think they probably the local , they're closer , they are to home most people know if they're an inviting drum group or not , like most people know like don't even go ask them yeah , yeah like if if this actually happened to me once my nephew came up , I'm gonna go ask such and such . Sing with them .
I said don't do that yeah , because you knew and he said he said why ? And I said they're not gonna let you sit down anyway and they're just gonna get your feelings hurt . He said he kind of laughed at me , said no , I'm gonna go . So he did and guess what ? They denied him to get his feelings hurt and got his feelings hurt . Yeah , not really .
I don't think he actually got his feelings hurt . Yeah , not really . I don't think he actually got his feelings hurt , but it was it was it's a real thing , it's a real thing , where people do deny , and so I think that was Sure , but at the same time , that's how you find out . You just go try , just ask . Yeah .
Cause he likes singing right , he likes to sing so in , and he's like I'll sing with whoever man , I'll just go and sit at a drum and have a good time . Yeah . Because that's the vibe of the pala , or the vibe of the dance , if it's a non-contest dance and everyone's just kind of singing .
You get to a point , though , where you're good enough to sing , even at those things where they'll probably say yeah , you know . Yeah , yeah . They'll say , yeah , anyway , I didn't mean for this to be like , let's just talk about singing and stuff .
We're already in it . Man , it's too late . Okay , Wait . So that was point . Number one Talked about singing , Defined a pretty important construct that you know it's not . There's more to it . There's more to it than what one might think there is .
I think that's the point , that's the point , that's the point to it there's more to it and there's a hierarchy .
It's not just this wide open thing where you just show up and you can . You can follow , uh , what people are using quite a bit these days . You can follow a protocol and become accepted in a certain way , but at a certain level , right ?
You can't just show up with a little bit of tobacco and say I want to lead all your songs , the next five songs , yeah .
It's also just recognizing like these are journeyman singers man these are professionals . Yeah , yeah , like if you're someone who casually sings , even though you can sing yeah it's just like man yeah , yeah , yeah , dislike man , yeah , yeah , yeah .
You don't yeah .
Maybe leave him alone .
Don't go recommending songs and yeah , nothing like that . Yeah .
You know that . Would you consider yourself a professional singer ?
No , no , no , neither would I , I would not Because it's not something I'm doing regularly .
Yeah , it's not like I think it would take a summer . It would take one summer of singing . Yeah , yeah , yeah , it's like riding a bike , right ?
no , yeah , I mean , yeah , you have . There's certain things you have to get immerse yourself in to become to that level , and people can get to that quicker depending on what you know , how much you know and and your ability , all those things .
There's cheat codes too .
There's some cheat codes .
Oh , you feed the drum .
Let's not talk about the cheat codes have your family feed that drum . There's some real You're invited .
You're invited to Sean Dean Pete's . Yeah . There's some boys You're invited to . Sean Dean's for dinner . They walk over and you feed them Little Caesar's pizza .
I've got a real negative cheat code . I know it's true and it happens , but I don't want to talk about it .
You can't do that , come on .
Well , you know , if you share a certain substance abuse problem with certain people , then you're in You're in .
You party with so-and-so .
You're in . That's kind of the ugly side of things . I don't know if that's like that as much anymore , but it probably is . But even then it requires you have to have skill , you have to have some sort of aptitude for the thing . That's not the only thing . So that leads to the second point you made , which is the practitioner versus the non-practitioner .
We've talked about this a lot . It doesn't matter what you do . So okay , here's a good example . In a class I had the other day I showed a picture of , um , these fisheries biologists right and they're , they're cutting open this fish . You know , they got a notebook , just the picture . So I'm asking my class are these guys scholars ?
and they see the you know the trappings of scholarship uh field book and the right in the rain was the right yeah it's probably right in the rain and a scalpel and they're wearing rubber gloves , you know , looks like they're doing something scholarly , you know , studying fish .
Then I showed them a picture , I mean , yeah , a picture of , uh , some native fishermen , you pulling a bunch of salmon out of the sea . I said are these guys scholars now ? Oh no , those aren't scholars at all . And I say which one do you think understands fish population better ? And they pause for a second . Okay , yeah , those Fisher people .
Of course they understand fish population .
Yeah that , that . That would probably even be the same for white fishermen Like fish population yeah that would probably even be the same for white fishermen .
Yeah , of course .
In the Bering Sea , or something People really understand . Movement , it's the people who are out there , yeah .
¶ Practitioners vs. Scholars in Traditions
Scholars don't know nothing . 90% of the time man scholars don't know anything . Yeah . Not anything useful . I mean for real dude , get them . Well know , think about this . Like we were talking before we recorded we were talking about horses .
Yeah , bits you know put in a mouth yeah there's a big difference in somebody who like rides horses and somebody who like rides horses and somebody who makes horses . You know what I mean ? Oh , yeah , yeah , yeah . So like somebody who understands bits like what there's for like yeah , how to get a horse and into that bit ?
Yeah , you could ride a bunch of horses like your whole life . You could ride horses all the time yeah that don't mean , you make horses , though right , there's a special group of people that make horses so to me it's the same thing . It's like I can understand it . I can even say all the stuff .
The horse stuff I don't make horses , though , man yeah , yeah , yeah I've tried , I've done all right with a couple I've also ruined some , you know what I mean . So it's like um yeah , it's the same thing like these , these who would you call the scholar versus , again , the practitioner , and who knows more about it ?
Man , I'm starting to think the practitioner knows more . It's the same thing with the fish , the fisheries people , man , yeah , yeah , the scholar or the practitioner , sure , and that's sort of the , the , the um , what is the word that mike likes to use ?
the dichotomy , the dichotomy that's trying to bring in is , um , it's the what . So you have to , you have to understand what the purpose is of the thing that you want to know . And and so for the scholar , the fisheries biologist , they have a certain purpose to fulfill .
That's not the same as the fisherman , or I should say fisher person , because they're doing what they're doing for a different aim . However , their understandings might overlap somewhat , but and I mentioned this in the class I said how long does it take to get a PhD in fisheries biology ? I don't know . Three to six years , you know .
And then , how long does it get ? How long do you have to be a fisher person to understand fish population and movement ? And I don't know how long it takes . No , I don't know .
But the fact is they're still fishing and they're still utilizing that knowledge in a particular way , whereas the fish biologists maybe , they study only one certain fish , I don't know . Then I got caught in this trap of of I don't knows , I don't knows , and I think it's the same thing .
You're talking about the practitioner versus the non-practitioner , the scholar versus the , the doer and at some point I think , in , in um , in indigenous academics . You know , you get .
You get the few moments where you know that the scholar is also a practitioner and you can tell by the manner in which they speak of things and the authority in which they have in those things and the confidence yeah , yeah , yeah . So I don't know that was asking the right questions . Asking the right questions and the right question and of the right thing .
Yeah , not wasting time . You know , not wasting time . That was the second point , and then the third point I don't know what it is yet I'm trying to get to this third point and well , yeah , I interrupted you man . Well , no , no , no , it's all right , that's right .
I didn't have a very coherent plan , so this is the one thing I wanted to talk about and sort of ties into both of these . So singing is a is a um , would you ? Would you classify that as a tradition ? Yeah yeah , it's a tradition . Yeah , yeah , it's a tradition , right ? And practitioners , of course , also engage in tradition , right ? Would you say yes ?
What about scholars ?
I agree .
So let's say the non-practitioner scholar , do they engage in tradition ? Yes , yeah , sure , oh sure , yeah , sure , sure ,
¶ Reinterpreting Traditional Ecological Knowledge
sure . I picked up this manner of speaking where I say this a lot , sure from uh , um , these international students , they would say that a lot and I thought it was kind of funny . It's sort of it's all from my perspective , they're all international students .
Okay , okay , okay , mr turtle island 2024 .
So yeah , they said sure , and I thought I had to tell them what sounds kind of dismissive . You know that really is . Yeah , somebody says , somebody say sure , sounds like non-committal . Anyway , back to what I was saying . So what is the tradition ? I'm curious about this thing of tradition . What is the tradition and who defines it ?
go , I mean , anyone can define a tradition .
Okay , right , it's repetitive , something repetitive , right yeah yeah , okay , I think , so I agree we wear plaid on christmas every year .
It's just what we do , it's what mom wants . It's um , I want you to wear your flannel jammies on christmas day . It's just what we . It's just what mom wants , you know . And like mom says , when I'm dead and gone , I still want you guys to do that , because it'll just make me feel good . You know , so we do . That's what Grammy used to do .
That's what Grams did . You guys remember her heart , Such a big heart . Everyone knows Christmas was her favorite holiday and she loved to have a Christmas ham . We'd have a fire outside and she'd tell us stories of her childhood and just that .
We should be thankful , because she lived through the depression and she said there was a time she couldn't afford clothes and so they had to wear their clothes for school and for sleep and for play .
They're clothes for school and for sleep and for play , and so that's why we wear pajamas flannel pajamas on Christmas as a reminder of what Graham and what mom wanted .
You're monologuing man .
A good little monologue going there . I do a good white person , I do a great white person , I do a great , I do a great white pretty good man , yeah , so so tradition so tradition , tradition .
I mean you could , you could start a tradition in . Can you start a tradition in a generation , in a single generation ? Yeah , yeah , for sure , of course , right , I think that's right . So then , um , oh , okay , from from your , from your advanced schooling , what's the purpose of tradition ?
it could be a lot of things , man , man . Okay , you could have social traditions like gatherings and just to get together , and you could also have traditions that renew stuff . The renewal of something , yeah .
But what's ? The purpose , though Like why .
Oh , I don't know , tell me why . What ?
No , I don't know why .
I don't either .
Let's go back to Grammy and the plaid pants . Oh , okay , grandma , what would be the purpose ?
of maintaining that tradition . In reverence because it brings the family together . Yeah , I think that's it , I don't know .
That's one thing I think Brings people together . Yeah , it can be . Brings people together . Yeah , I think that's it .
I don't know that's one thing I think Brings people together . Yeah , it can be . Brings people together .
Yeah , it affirms potentially values and norms .
It can yeah , it can , or even just a renewal of certain histories . Maybe you get together and tell family history . Yeah yeah , yeah .
It came over on the boat . Yeah yeah , yeah , yeah . Well , how many came over on the boat ? Yeah , how many generations ? Has your family celebrated christmas .
Sorry , three , three generations , three generations of christmas maybe my great-grandparents , maybe maybe not in the way you do now , though , of course no , I think the way we do it now , I think it only went two generations , because then I'm not a huge Christmas guy . So I guess you could say we started over in something . Oh yeah , oh yeah , yeah yeah .
Okay , I'm trying to think of my punchline here , uh , my wrap-up on this idea of tradition , oh yeah , so um yeah , we're .
This podcast is a testament to learning disabilities we're gonna find a sponsor . That's uh I wasn very funny . I wasn't very funny in this episode either , I don't know why . Well , I kind of made it somber .
I know you started out talking about people that passed .
It was a memorial episode .
Well , okay , let's bring it home then , so tradition can start in a generation . Tradition affirms social norms and other constructs , the things that people think are somewhat important , right ?
Something like that , right , and the important thing , I guess , guess is that traditions can change , or they ought to change , depending on the needs of of people and individuals yeah those are all true . Um , how do , how do , how do we define or can we define ? This is the , this is the thing .
So there's this thing called um traditional ecological knowledge , right ? there we go there we go , there we go , boom . So what ? What would make something traditional about a piece of ecological knowledge ? It could be something that was revealed in a past generation , right ? Yeah , yeah Could be . Yeah , could be right .
Or it could be something that was generations old . One of the two , right ?
Yes .
Yeah , yes , yeah . So traditional ecological knowledge and any use of tradition doesn't necessarily imply old-timey .
No , no , no , no , no no yeah , I get what you're saying now , but yeah , yeah , yeah no , and I think that's where we , we , we mess up yeah it's because we've somehow equated antiquity with authenticity . You know , Right , right , right .
And you've said that I think that phrase a couple of times previous .
I think I said because Robert Lowy , an anthropologist , said that crows value success over antiquity .
Oh yeah , yeah , yeah , that's the one . Yeah said the crows value success over antiquity . Oh , yeah , yeah , yeah , that's the one . Yeah , help me understand that a bit better , because I'm when I hear you say it , I struggle somewhat to understand .
I mean , I get what you're saying , but he's he's talking specifically about ceremony , um , so he's talking about ceremony yeah , so like specifically individual medicine bundles . So yeah , there's some medicine bundles that are discarded , some are kept and people always say , well , wouldn't you want to just pass those down ?
I think , and I that's a very modern approach to to to those things , some sacred objects , they'll say , well , they don't work anymore yeah this guy died from smallpox . Why would we want to keep his medicine ? It didn't protect him .
So then they would say that they would say , well , we'll just get rid of it , you know yeah so because you value what works you . So you look at somebody . You say they're successful in life . What do they have , what do they use ? So that's what holds value there's .
Look at people's good fortune and their luck versus their bad luck and their misfortune , and all that you . It's not as simplified as that , but it is simplified too at the same time right just look , you just look . Just because it old . It's old doesn't mean it works , you know .
And right um right , or vice versa , just because it's new doesn't mean it's bad .
Right right , right Right , Native .
American church is a good example of that . The peyote religion . It came here , as it did a lot of places , and it erupted like it took off , you know . Yeah . So that doesn't mean it's bad that someone practices it . It clearly has found a home with people you know and how they value it , what it's done for them . We can't judge that .
That's up to them , you know . I think that's kind of what Loie's talking about . So he's talking about practices and beliefs and ceremonies are based off of success and not off of antiquity , meaning just because it's , just because it's old and yeah to me , it's a very practical approach to your own belief I think so .
Yeah , I think the idea that I was kind of um wondering about was um , um , and I think I've said this before that a lot of uh , climate science has this understanding that traditional knowledge , traditional ecological knowledge , is going to solve some of the problems we have .
And , um , I think we sometimes equate that with a time from the past , but it reminds me of the fisher people , the practitioners , and they probably are carrying or generating new knowledge of their ecologies in which they survive off of , and I think those would probably be more relevant today than a piece of TEK from 200 years ago . I don't know .
I don't know . I'm just kind of of curious . I think it's all situational . It's like I feel like it's all it . I don't know , man , it can be even just what the person needs to hear too , like some stuff that's valuable to you in that moment ain't valuable to me , you know , in the brand right . I don't know though I don't know either .
I don't know , but I don't know . Those are some of the hot , hot things that are um out there now that we've chatted about before . But I wanted , I wanted to specifically interrogate this idea of tradition from your perspective . Number one tradition done mean it's old . No , tradition don't mean it's old . No , tradition doesn't mean it's old .
It could have come from a generation previous . It could even come from the current within your generation . Right , you could start a tradition within your family , and as long as you did it from year to year , it doesn't have to be from generation to generation .
Traditions can be . It doesn't have to be from generation to generation . It could be from Traditions can be . It doesn't mean old . The term doesn't mean old , it doesn't mean new , it just . Yeah . I don't know .
I pick up my kids every Wednesday . It's a tradition For the last three months , four months .
It's tradition something we do .
¶ Personal Dental Care Preferences
I don't think the term routine and tradition are that far off in some sense .
Oh , really yeah well , yeah you're right , ain't it ? I don't know , that's debatable .
I think one is maybe one is group tradition seems like tradition . Can tradition is only worth talking about if it involves more than one person . I don't know , I mean . You know what I mean ?
Yeah , like flossing your teeth every night ? It's not quite . Is that tradition or routine ? It doesn't quite elevate to tradition , unless it's tied into your beliefs . But I don't know . I believe in great dental care I believe in flossing .
I do too . I bet we believe in it . I bet we believe in it for two different reasons , though . Oh yeah , why ?
do you ?
believe in dental care .
Like personal hygiene .
You don't have stink breath , personal hygiene you don't have stink breath .
What else that's about it ?
You want to know why I like it yeah yeah , yeah , I want to know . Because I have crooked teeth . So I always said , if I'm going to have crooked teeth , they're going to be clean , because you can't have crooked and dirty teeth , that's like what the hell man . You know what I mean .
Yeah , you got to compensate one for the other , right ?
Yeah , dude , it's like come on .
You should get some Invisalign man .
I've talked about it oh yeah . I've talked about it .
Okay .
I think I even talked to the dentist about it .
Oh yeah , you know what's weird , the weirdest thing , I think .
I'd just get braces . I don't think I'd do Invisalign , I think I'd just go braces , no dude , the weirdest thing is a man with braces . Don't do it . Ease up on the term man all right dude . No .
I'm just kidding , I don't want to . Yeah , okay .
I don't know what that is . I fill out out paperwork and it's . I don't know I don't feel very manly lately , you know . Okay , all right , let's end it , this is this is it .
Okay , we're done . I'm tired of it . Okay , okay .
