Short-acting muscarinic antagonists (SAMAs) are a core bronchodilator drug class you’ll see constantly in COPD care. In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will learn about short-acting muscarinic antagonists (SAMAs) are a core bronchodilator drug class you’ll see constantly in COPD care—and on exams like the NCLEX. In this lecture, you’ll learn exactly how SAMAs work, when to use them, and what safety pearls can help you avoid common clinical pitfalls in COPD. You’ll learn how to: Mechanis...
Jan 27, 2026•24 min
In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will explain the COPD maintenance inhalers you’ll actually see in practice. In this pharmacology review, we break down LAMA (long-acting muscarinic antagonist) bronchodilators—one of the most important bronchodilator classes for COPD treatment—so you can confidently understand the drugs, the mechanism, and the real-world clinical use. You’ll learn how to: What LAMA / antimuscarinic bronchodilators are and how they work Where LAMA inhalers fit in COPD t...
Jan 27, 2026•26 min
In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will break down SABA (Short-Acting Beta Agonist) bronchodilators, like albuterol, for the acute management of asthma symptoms and COPD flare-ups. You’ll learn how to: - What SABAs are and when they’re used (rescue vs controller) - Beta-2 agonist mechanism of action (bronchodilation and smooth muscle effects) - How fast albuterol works, typical duration, and why it’s “short-acting” - Core therapeutic uses in asthma and COPD - How SABAs fit into treatmen...
Jan 27, 2026•39 min
In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will explain how Long-Acting Beta Agonists (LABAs) work, where they fit in therapy for the management of asthma and COPD. You’ll learn how to: - Mechanism of action: beta-2 receptor activation → bronchodilation (airway smooth muscle relaxation) - Clinical use: LABAs in COPD maintenance vs asthma (must be combined with ICS) - Onset/duration differences and practical inhaler considerations - Adverse effects & warnings: tachycardia, tremor, hypokalemi...
Jan 27, 2026•36 min
In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will break down pioglitazone and the thiazolidinediones (TZDs) so you can confidently explain the mechanism, clinical use, side effects, and key contraindications for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). You’ll learn how to: - TZDs (pioglitazone): where they fit in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) therapy - Mechanism of action: PPAR-γ agonist → increased insulin sensitivity (muscle/adipose) and improved glucose utilization - Expected impact on A1C reduction and how long thes...
Jan 27, 2026•16 min
Dr. Busti covers one of the most-tested Type 2 diabetes drug classes—sulfonylureas. If you’ve ever mixed up glyburide vs glipizide, worried about hypoglycemia, or wanted a clear “when do I pick this?” framework, this drug class review is for you. In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will break down Sulfonylureas (Glyburide, Glipizide) step-by-step so you can confidently in the context of treating type 2 diabetes (T2DM). You’ll learn how to: - Mechanism of action: how sulfonylureas increas...
Jan 27, 2026•22 min
SGLT2 inhibitors (bexagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, ertugliflozin) don’t just lower glucose and A1C, but these meds have become relevant in cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease in the right patients also with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will make the SGLT2 inhibitors make sense as they provide cardiorenal protection above their improvements in A1C. You’ll learn how to: - Mechanism of action (MOA): how SGLT2 blockade d...
Jan 27, 2026•35 min
Meglitinides (Nateglinide & Repaglinide) can feel like the “forgotten” oral diabetes drugs—but they show up on exams, in real-world medication histories, and in questions about postprandial glucose control and hypoglycemia and weight gain risk. In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will explain the meglitinides in a clear, clinically relevant way so you can recognize them quickly and use the concepts confidently in the context of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). You’ll learn how to: - Meglitini...
Jan 27, 2026•13 min
Insulin doesn’t have to be confusing when learning how to treat Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will explain how to quickly recognize insulin types, predict onset/peak/duration, and apply basal–bolus dosing concepts to real-world Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes care. You’ll learn how to: - How to identify rapid-, short-, intermediate-, and long-acting insulin for Diabetes - The difference between basal insulin vs bolus (mealtime) insulin - How basal–bo...
Jan 27, 2026•1 hr 1 min
Understand the GLP-1 receptor agonists—and why agents like semaglutide (Ozempic/Wegovy/Rybelsus), liraglutide, dulaglutide, and exenatide have become one of the most talked-about type 2 diabetes medications in modern practice. In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will break GLP-1s down in a clear, clinically relevant way so you can confidently explain how they work, when to use them, and what to watch for clinically when managing patients with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity. You’ll learn ...
Jan 27, 2026•46 min
Tirzepatide (Mounjaro/Zepbound)—the dual incretin GIP/GLP-1 agonist—is a beneficial treatment of type 2 diabetes and/or obesity. In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will break down how tirzepatide works (MOA), why combining GIP + GLP-1 improves A1C reduction and supports weight loss, and where it fits in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. You’ll also get the high-yield points you need for exams and the bedside: tirzepatide dosing basics, common adverse effects, contraindications/precautio...
Jan 26, 2026•31 min
In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will learn about the application of DPP-4 inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The DPP-4 inhibitors (e.g., sitagliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin) have an impact of incretins (GIP, GLP-1) which have continued to evolve in other treatment options. You’ll learn how to: - Mechanism of action: DPP-4 inhibition and impact on incretins (GLP-1/GIP) - Key drugs: Sitagliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin - Clinical role: where DPP-4 inhib...
Jan 26, 2026•21 min
Metformin is a first-line oral medication for type 2 diabetes. In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will explain how metformin works to lower the A1c and help patients with type 2 diabetes get to their A1C goals. You’ll learn how to: - Metformin mechanism of action (MOA): how biguanides lower glucose and improve insulin resistance - Where metformin fits in type 2 diabetes therapy (first-line option and combination use) - Key clinical benefits (A1C lowering, weight neutrality/possible weig...
Jan 26, 2026•32 min
Amylin Analogs (Pramlintide) for Diabetes: Pharmacology Made Easy. In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will explain how pramlintide (Symlin/SymlinPen) works and when it’s used as an adjunct to insulin for type 1 diabetes (and select type 2 diabetes cases). In this diabetes pharmacology review, I break down the mechanism of action of an amylin analog, why it helps postprandial glucose control, and the key clinical pearls you need for exams and practice. You’ll learn how to: - What amylin ...
Jan 26, 2026•23 min
In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will teach you about Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors for Diabetes — the pharmacology made easy breakdown of acarbose and miglitol for type 2 diabetes. You’ll learn how to: - Explain how alpha-glucosidase inhibitors reduce postprandial hyperglycemia - Identify where these drugs work (GI tract) and why they don’t cause hypoglycemia by themselves - Compare acarbose vs miglitol (what’s similar, what’s different) - Recognize common GI adverse effects (e.g., fl...
Jan 26, 2026•21 min
Statins (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors) are the foundation of LDL lowering and ASCVD prevention. In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will make statin pharmacology easy to understand, but also clinically relevant in the proper context of the evidence. The use of HMG CoA reductase inhibitors: atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, pitavastatin, and pravastatin are drugs in this drug class that Dr. Busti will review. You’ll learn how to: MOA: How HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors reduce hepatic...
Jan 20, 2026•1 hr 3 min
Omega-3 fatty acids made easy: learn EPA vs DHA, how fish oil works, and when to use icosapent ethyl (Vascepa) in real clinical practice. In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti connects PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) to outcomes, focusing on triglyceride lowering, cardiovascular risk reduction, and the key differences between OTC fish oil supplements and prescription EPA. You’ll learn how to: What omega-3 fatty acids (EPA & DHA) are and how they work Fish oil (EPA vs DHA): what mat...
Jan 20, 2026•27 min
Learn fibrates (fibric acid derivatives)—fenofibrate and gemfibrozil—common triglyceride-lowering drugs for hypertriglyceridemia. In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will break down how fibrates (fenofibrate and gemfibrozil) work, when to use them, and the safety pearls you need for the patient with high triglycerides, which can lead to pancreatitis. You’ll learn how to: - Mechanism: PPAR-α activation → ↓ triglycerides (TG), ↓ VLDL, ↑ HDL - Fenofibrate vs gemfibrozil: key differences tha...
Jan 20, 2026•30 min
In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will break down Ezetimibe (Zetia)—the classic cholesterol absorption inhibitor—and make the pharmacology easy, high-yield, and clinically relevant. You’ll learn how ezetimibe lowers LDL-C, where it fits in dyslipidemia/hyperlipidemia therapy, and how it’s commonly used as add-on therapy to statins. You’ll learn how to: - Mechanism of action: how the cholesterol absorption inhibitor, ezetimibe, works to lower LDL cholesterol - Clinical use: when to use ...
Jan 20, 2026•33 min
ATP Citrate Lyase (ACL) Inhibitors made simple. In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will provide you with a review of Bempedoic Acid (Nexletol), and you’ll learn how this lipid-lowering drug works, when to use it (including statin intolerance), and the key clinical pearls you need for exams and practice. You’ll learn how to: - What ATP citrate lyase inhibitors are and where they work in cholesterol synthesis - Bempedoic acid mechanism of action + why it’s different from statins - Effects...
Jan 20, 2026•30 min
Dive into the coagulation cascade with this clear, clinically focused review! In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti breaks down the coagulation cascade in a clear, clinically relevant way—perfect for healthcare professionals preparing for exams or patient care. Dr. Busti specifically covers the basics of hemostasis, the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, clotting factors, vitamin K-dependent factors, thrombin functions, and how the cascade leads to thrombus formation (including key differen...
Jan 19, 2026•35 min
Platelet aggregation is a core step in hemostasis—and when it’s dysregulated, it drives thrombosis. In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will break down platelet physiology in a clear, clinically relevant way so you can understand how platelets form a primary hemostatic plug, how a thrombus develops, and why this process matters in real patient care. You’ll learn how to: - How platelet adhesion starts (the role of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and GPIb) - How platelet activation amplifies t...
Jan 19, 2026•29 min
In this lesson on glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) inhibitors, you’ll learn the high-yield, test-relevant concepts behind the adjunct antiplatelet drug therapy used in the acute management of patients experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (AMI; NSTEMI, STEMI) and undergoing PCI or coronary stent placement. In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will break down how platelet aggregation inhibitors work, when they’re used clinically, and the key differences between tirofiban and e...
Jan 16, 2026•17 min
In this lesson on P2Y12 inhibitors (ADP inhibitors), you’ll learn the high-yield, test-relevant concepts behind the most common antiplatelet drugs used in cardiovascular care. In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will break down how platelet aggregation inhibitors work, when they’re used clinically, and the key differences between clopidogrel (Plavix), prasugrel (Effient), ticagrelor (Brilinta), and cangrelor (Kengreal)—so you can apply the “why” behind therapy (not just memorize drug nam...
Jan 16, 2026•44 min
Master Aspirin (ASA) fast with this Antiplatelet Pharmacology Made Easy & Relevant lecture. In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will make sure you learn how acetylsalicylic acid works as an antiplatelet drug, including COX-1 inhibition, decreased thromboxane A2 (TXA2), and reduced platelet aggregation—plus the key clinical takeaways for MI prevention, stroke prevention, and secondary prevention. You’ll learn how to: - Aspirin mechanism of action (COX inhibitor → ↓ TXA2 → ↓ platelet a...
Jan 15, 2026•43 min
In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will break down Heparin (UFH) and Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins (LMWHs), such as enoxaparin (Lovenox) and dalteparin (Fragmin), with a clear, clinically relevant approach. If you’re studying anticoagulation or need a fast refresher on anticoagulants, this video is for you. In this lesson, you’ll learn: - Heparin mechanism of action (UFH vs LMWH) + how they work in the clotting cascade - Monitoring & labs: aPTT/PTT for UFH, anti–Factor Xa concepts f...
Jan 14, 2026•1 hr
Warfarin (Vitamin K Antagonist; VKA) doesn’t have to be confusing. In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will explain warfarin's (Coumadin) pharmacology in a simple, clinically relevant way. It is perfect for anyone reviewing anticoagulation. You’ll learn how to: - Mechanism of action: how warfarin works as a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) (VKOR inhibition) - What PT/INR measures and why INR monitoring matters - How to start warfarin dosing (and what affects dose response) - Bridging with hepa...
Jan 14, 2026•37 min
Factor Xa inhibitors (DOACs) made easy—fast, clear, and clinically relevant. In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will break down direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and how Factor Xa inhibitors work, with relevance. You’ll learn how to: - What Factor Xa inhibitors do (mechanism of action) - Key drugs: Apixaban (Eliquis), Rivaroxaban (Xarelto), Edoxaban (Savaysa) - Common indications: Afib stroke prevention, DVT/PE treatment - Major adverse effects and safety: bleeding risk, interactions, ...
Jan 14, 2026•37 min
Direct Thrombin Inhibitors (DTIs) made simple and clinically relevant! In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will help you master direct thrombin (Factor IIa) inhibitors—including the oral DTI dabigatran (Pradaxa) and key parenteral DTIs like bivalirudin (and where argatroban fits clinically, especially in the acute care setting) You’ll learn how to: - Where direct thrombin inhibitors work in the coagulation cascade - How dabigatran works (mechanism of action), major indications, and high-...
Jan 13, 2026•38 min
In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will make Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) simple, practical, and clinically relevant—so you can confidently recognize CAP, assess severity, and choose the right pneumonia treatment. What you’ll learn: - How to approach CAP pneumonia like a clinician: presentation, diagnosis, and key differentials - How to assess severity using CURB-65 and the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI score) - How to decide outpatient pneumonia vs inpatient pneumonia management ...
Jan 05, 2026•1 hr 1 min
