James Clear on Compounding Nature of Habits (Part 1)

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slash coaching to book your free discovery session. That's one you feed dot net slash coaching to book a free discovery session. And I look forward to meeting you. Happy holidays everybody. In case you're just recently joining us, or however long you've been a listener of the show, you may not realize that we have over seven years of

incredible episodes in our archive. We've had so many wonderful guests that we've decided to hand pick a few of our favorites during this holiday season as we have some time off. And these may be new to you, but if not, they are certainly worth another listen. So we hope you'll enjoy part one of this two part series with James Clear. The same way that money compounds are multiplies through compound interest, the effects of your habits multiplies you repeat them over time. Welcome to the one you

feed throughout time. Great thinkers have recognized the importance of the thoughts we have quotes like garbage in, garbage out, or you are what you think, ring true, and yet for many of us, our thoughts don't strengthen or empower us. We tend toward negativity, self pity, jealousy, or fear. We see what we don't have instead of what we do. We think things that hold us back and dampen our spirit.

But it's not just about thinking. Our actions matter. It takes conscious, consistent and creative effort to make a life worth living. This podcast is about how other people keep themselves moving in the right direction, how they feed their good wolf m Thanks for joining us, everybody. Today's guest is James Clear, who has been on the show before,

which was an amazing episode and everybody loved it. The second interview is really fun because Eric and I were able to record it live in person with James, so you'll hear a little bit of that room reverb and everything. But there's just something I love with all of these interviews that we've done live like this. There's something about I don't know if it's possibly the nonverbal communication and the way that Eric is able to interact with people

just seems to really bring out the best. And this new interview with James Clear is no exception. He has a new book called Atomic Habits and Easy and Proven Way to build good habits and break bad ones. James's work has appeared in The New York Times, Time and Entrepreneur, and on CBS This Morning, and he has taught in colleges around the world. His website, James Clear dot com, receives millions of visitors each month and hundreds of thousands

subscribe to his email newsletter. He's the creator of the Habits Academy, the premier training platform for organizations and individuals that are interested in building better habits in life and work. Hi, James, welcome to the show. Hey, we have had very few guests who have appeared twice, so welcome to Select Club. Very nice, Thank you. I'm glad I crossed the threshold the opportunity. Yeah. Well, our first interview was really well loved by listeners, so I'm excited to do it again.

You have a new book called Atomic Habits that is coming out. I think it's out today, So congratulations on that. Yeah, thank you, And we'll jump into that in just a minute. But let's start like we always do, with the parable. There's a grandfather who's talking with his grandson. He says, in life, there are two wolves inside of us that

are always at battle. One is a good wolf, which represents things like kindness and bravery and love, and the other is a bad wolf, which represents things like greed and hatred and fear. And the grandson stops and thinks about it for a second. He looks up at his grandfather and he says, grandfather, which one wins? And the grandfather says, the one you feed. So I'd like to start off by asking you what that parable means to you in your life and in the work that you do. Yeah,

I mean, it's a great story. So right now, in the context of where I'm at right now, I think a lot about like what habits are we feeding? You know, this is one of the things I say earlier in the book that habits can compound for you or against you. And this is essentially what that parable is saying, right that, like whatever one you feed is the one that has magnified, the one that gains strength over time. And habits are a lot like that, you know, like on any given day,

it's really easy to overlook the importance of them. They don't really seem like a whole lot. I mean, you know, like what is the difference between eating a burger and fries for lunch or eating a salad. There's not really a whole lot of difference there. You know, at the end of the night, you look basically the same in the mirror, at the scale weighs more or less the same. Um. But if you compound those choices over two or five or ten years, you end up with a very different outcome.

It's only like a decade later that the importance of your daily habits becomes like fully apparent and you see how critical those daily choices are. So in a sense, I think this idea of the one you feed for me right now, I think a lot about like what habits in my feeding? Um? You know, like what what daily actions am I taking that are either one percent better or one percent worse? And uh, over the long run,

they add up to very different outcomes. Yeah. You say in the book that we often dismiss small changes because they don't seem to matter very much in the moment. That strikes me as so true. You also say small

changes equal big results they can, um you know. So this idea that habits are like a double edged sword, I think is something that it recurs multiple times throughout the book, because pretty much any of the things that can work for you with habits, like having an environment that is well designed for a particular task, or being in a tribe or in a social group that nudges you in a certain direction, they also can work against you, you know, like peer pressure can be positive or negative

in this particular example. Um. But but if you can manage to orient those forces in the right direction, then you can end up with some really powerful habits in the long run. And you know, I like to say that habits of the compound interest of self improvement. And what I mean by that is the same way that money compounds are multiplies. Through compound interest, the effects of

your habits multiplies. You repeat them over time, and it's it's not really like that linear curve where you just put in a little bit of work and you get a little bit results and just kind of goes up at a forty five year angle. It feels more like the compound interest curve where in the beginning you don't really see anything, you know, Like I just gave that example of eating salad for lunch versus eating a burger

and fries. But similarly, you could say, like, what's the difference between studying Chinese for an hour tonight, are not sitting at all, not a whole lot, like you haven't learned the language. Either way, it feels like you put work in or you don't poke work in. You're at the same point in the curve. But if you continue that the same way, that, like saving for retirement, all of a sudden, like couple of decades later, your compound and all the greatest returns are to laid. It's the

same with habits. Often the most significant outcomes are on the ladder half of the curve. Yeah, and that idea of habits being double edged swords will cover a couple of different times in the book. You have the four laws of behavior change, which will cover but they all have an inverse which covers the bad habits. You know, here's what you do if you want to build a good habit. Here's what you want to do if you want to build or you want to get rid of

a bad habit. Bad habits seemed to build themselves pretty easily. Um. But yeah, it's that same sort of thing. And I think that I love this line where you say your outcomes are a lagging measure of your habits, right, And I do think that that is one of the things that's so hard with building new habits or you know, starting a new exercise routine or whatever. Like you said, you don't see the results right away. You you do the work for a while, and then eventually, if you

keep it up, you start to see the results. Let's talk a little bit more about that idea that you said that habits often appear to make no difference until you cross sort of this critical uh threshold. You use some examples in the book. You just used them with money. The other one that I thought was such a good example is bamboo. Yeah, so bamboo uh. For like the first five years, it kind of grows these extensive roots systems underground and doesn't look like anything, and you know,

there's nothing to show for it. And then all of a sudden, I will shoot, you know, sixty or eighty feet into the air in just a few weeks, and right, it's it's nuts that that's how it actually grows. Um cancer is another example that I've given the book. You know, it's undetectable for most of its life in the body, and then all of a sudden, it takes over the body in months and this um this idea of this like compounding aspect, it's prevalent in many areas of life.

But the idea is that you need to build the foundation for you to hit this transition and to see the results. Um. You know. Another example I've given the book, I like to use the metaphor of heating up an ice cube, and it's kind of like, imagine you're in a cold room. You can see your breath. You've got this ice cube on the table, it's like twenty five degrees. You heat it up twenty nine and still like nothing has happened. There's just this ice cube sitting there thirty one.

And then you go from thirty one to thirty two degrees and it's this one degree shift, no different than all the other little shifts that came before. But suddenly you hit this phase transition and the ice cube melts. And habits aren't exactly like that, but the process of

building a habit is often feels like that. It's similar, you know, where like you're banking work, you're putting in your reps, and you don't really feel like you have much to show for it, and a lot of the time that can be very frustrating when you're in the process of trying to change something because you're like, man, I've been running for three months, Like, why hasn't my

body changed? But it's important to realize that complaining about working for three months or six months or a little while on a goal or on a habit and not having the results you want, it's kind of like complaining about heating an ice cube from thirty one degrees. You know, like, the work isn't wasted, is just being stored, and you have to be willing to stick with it long enough to break through that plateau and let it hit that

phase transition and release the results. And that again, it's difficult to feel in the moment, but but in the long run it can lead you in a really good place. Right. And this leads to another idea that comes up in the book a lot, which is that we spend too much time focused on goals and you recommend focusing on systems instead. So first, let's talk about why I focus

on goals can be counterproductive. Well, so, first of all, I mean this is coming from someone who I set goals for so many areas in my life for many years. I mean it was very goal oriented, right, I would set goals for like the grades I wanted to get in school, or how much weight I wanted to lift in the gym, or what I wanted my business to do over the next quarter, all kinds of stuff, and uh, sometimes I would achieve those goals, but a lot of

the time I wouldn't. And so at at some point I got to this like conclusion where it's like, Okay, I'm setting all these goals, but only some of them are working out. Clearly, goal setting is not the thing that's determining whether I'm making progress or not. So I should say before I get super anti goals or talk about the downsides of goals. I'm not saying goals are useless. I think will still have a purpose, and the purposes that they provide clarity, They provide a sense of direction.

If you have a goal, you know where to focus your attention and energy, and that's good. But after you set a goal, it's pretty much good to immediately put it on the shelf. And I think that this is hard for us to do because we live in a society that really prioritizes goals or prioritizes results, like take

the news for example. Um, it's pretty much only a news story once it's out an outcome, you know, like you're never going to hear a news story that's, uh, man eats chicken and salad for lunch, right, It's only going to be a story like six months later when it's like man loses fifty pounds. Um. So we're very outcome focused. And this is just magnified even more by social media because we see everybody's results all day long. And I think because of that, because we're inundated with results,

we tend to overvalue them. We tend to think, oh, it's all about the goal, it's all about achieving this big results, about the outcome, and so we get very outcome and goal focused. But in fact, every outcome is preceded by some kind of process. And this is this gets into some of the downsides of being overly focused on goals, which is we think that what we need

to do is change our results. We think that what we need to do is to achieve a goal, but really the goal is not the thing that needs to change. So for example, say you have a messy room or your garage is like, you know, completely filled with clutter, and you set a goal to clean it. If you get really motivated, then you might, you know, spend all afternoon cleaning it and whatever, and you end up with

a clean room or clean garage after that. But if you don't fix the messy, sloppy habits that lead to a dirty room in the first place, then you turn around a month later and you've got a messy room again. And so the outcome is just a natural consequence of the habits. It's like we try to treat a symptom without treating the cause. We just want to have this outcome, but in fact, the real thing that needs to change or the habits behind it, and that is what I

would call your system. The system is your collection of habits that naturally lead to whatever the results are in your life right now. Yeah, I think the classic example of that, right that most people can relate with is the diet. I go on a diet. Okay, my goal is to lose thirty pounds, ten pounds, five pounds, I change my life. I do it. As soon as I hit my goal, I go all right, did it right? And next thing I know, I'm thirty pounds heavier. Right.

It's that yo yo effect. The other one that I love that you say about goals and and um, I relate with this one a lot. You say that goals restrict your happiness. They kind of create this like artificial finish line for Okay, once I hit my goal, then I'll be happy. Once I achieved this milestone, then I

can be successful. And again, this is something that I've slipped into so many times over the years, you know, with my business, for example, for a long time, I told myself, if I can just get featured in the New York Times, then I'd be set, which of course is a complete lie. You know. Like now now it's happened a couple of times. I've been in there, and it's great. It's a nice spike for a week, and

then things go back to my life. And so, there is no single event that is going make or break you as an entrepreneur, and really probably no single meal that will make or break you as a dieter, as someone who's trying to eat nutritiously, no single workout that will make or break your health. Um, it's really about the long term process and the habits that you maintain

that determine how far you walk along that path. A lot of emotions surface during the holiday season, happiness, sadness, joy, excitement, stress, and the list goes on from there. So remember to take care of yourself this holiday season and make sure to keep your mental wellness and check take a break

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the book. You you're writing, some sort of like common sense observations or whatever, that that show how some of these things would be true, And one of them was happiness is simply the absence of desire. We had a guest not too long ago. She came came out in the last few weeks, but you know, her basic idea was, you know, you get what you want, and you think that's what made you happy. What made you happy was that you stopped wanting something else. You know, and goals

are that way. I mean, I relate with that so much, with like, you know, when just when this thing gets here, when that thing gets here. I mean, I think I've lived I think a lot of us live a huge portion of our life in that way. And my problem was always so I get the thing I thought I wanted, I wouldn't be any happier. And instead of questioning the whole train of thinking, I think, well, that thing just wasn't good in it, right, and maybe I must need

to want something else. That must be the problem. If I just had a girlfriend, then I get the girlfriend, I'm not happy, and now she's the problem, you know, I mean. So, it's such a pernicious way of thinking that is so deeply embedded in in everything that we do. If you don't have a desire to change your current state, if you're happy, then you, by definition, are happy with your current state. Right, You are content with where you're at.

But anytime a desire arises and you desire to change your state, you now are not content with where you're at. And so happiness is the absence of desire. It's the absence of the desire to change your current state. Right, And it's hard to practice, you know, it's and that actually perhaps that word provides a little insight into it. It is a practice. It's not a it's not a finish line. You can't permanently be in a state of no desire, but you can practice returning to a state

of contentment or returning to a state of not wanting. Yeah, I mean we're wired to sit in a state of complete contentment because we're wired to seek food to I mean, like, so what keeps us alive? It makes sense you wouldn't be a human if you didn't, That's right. Yeah, So it's it's there. It's like a lot of things. I think it's a question of like what is the ratio of that in your life compared you know what, what ratio is helpful or useful? You know, you know, talking

about goals in relation to happiness as well. One of the other things is goals kind of like box you into this either or outcome or like either you achieve your goal and you're happy, assuming the goal does make you happy, or anything else happens and you're not right. And that's another reason why I think focusing on a system is really great because there are many ways that a system can run. It doesn't have to just be one finite, narrow outcome. And anytime the system is running,

you can feel satisfied with it. So just take the process of like writing a book. If writing a book is your goal, you can only be happy in your head if the book is written done, But if you're focusing on the system of being the type of person who writes each day or something, they're like a million ways that could happen. You could journal, you could write a poem, you could write one sentence, you could write

a chapter, you could just write emails. Um. There are so many things that you could do to reinforce that identity of being a writer and um. And I think that that provides like much more leeway in being gracious with yourself and in also continue to make progress even if it doesn't look exactly like the goal you had in your mind at the beginning. Used a word their identity,

and you talk about that. There are three layers of behavior change, right, one is we change your outcomes, the second is we change our processes, and then the last is we change our identity. So talk about the role of identity in building good habits or or changing behavior. Well, in a sense, I think true behavior change is actually identity change because um, you can imagine, like it's one thing to say I want this, but it's something very

different to say I am this. You know, like once you adopt an identity, adopt a particular belief you're not even really pursuing behavior change anymore. You're just acting in alignment with the type of person you already believe that you are. So one of the examples that I give in the book is like, imagine that you have two people who are smokers and are trying to quit. And the first person you offer a cigarette and they you offer them a cigarette and they say, no thanks, I'm

trying to quit. The second person you offer them a cigarette and they say, oh, no thanks, I'm not a smoker, and same action. They're both turning down the cigarette. But the first person still identifies as someone who is a smoker and they're trying to do something they're not. The second person is like, I'm a non smoker, and that signals a shift in identity. And that is a powerful thing because once you see yourself as that kind of person,

you have additional reason to reinforce that behavior. And this comes back to why I think small habits are important because the natural question anybody has at this point, they're like, Okay, if you buy into this idea that identity and behavior are linked, it's like, well, how can I change my identity? Then that seems like a difficult thing to do. And I think the answer is small habits and tiny actions are the best method we have for shaping our identity.

And the reason I say that is because, in a sense, your habits are how you embody a particular identity. You know, every time you make your bed in the morning, you embody the identity of someone who is clean and organized. Every time you go to the gym, you embody the identity of someone who is a fit person. Every time you write one sentence, you embody the identity of someone

who is a writer. And it's kind of like every action you take is a vote for the type of person that you want to become, the type of person that you believe that you are. And as you cast these votes, as you repeat these little habits, you kind of build up evidence of being that type of person. And I really think the evidence they is like a crucial part because it gives you something to root the identity, and it gives you proof of being that kind of person.

Because a lot of the time people will say things like fake it til you make it, But fake it till you make it is a little different than what I'm talking about here, because it's asking you to believe something without having evidence for it. And there's a worth word for beliefs that don't have evidence. We're called delusion. You know, at some point, like the brain doesn't like

this distance. Um, but if you can turn around and say, hey, I've you know, I've written one sentence, uh, thirteen out of the last fourteen days, all of a sudden you have evidence of being a writer. And so your habits and actions give you proof of who you are, and gradually, over time they can reshape your identity a little bit

or expand or upgraded in some aspects. Yeah, I think that idea about delusion is is so important because you know, a lot of I think what leads to a good life is having thoughts that are constructive and productive and and all that. But we don't believe stuff that we don't believe. It's the whole. Like you know, you look in the mirror and say I'm beautiful. Well, if you don't feel beauty like I mean right, your brain rejects it.

And a lot of times what I'm working with people, what I work on is um, you use the phrase in here, you know, Uh, I'm the kind of person who and I hear this all the time from people I work with. I'm the kind of person who can't finish what they start. I'm the kind of person that works out for a month and then quits. I'm the kind of person and a lot of times I think that the best place to start is to just can we just suspend judgment for a while, right? Can we

just not fix ourselves into that identity? And then you're right, as we have contrary evidence, that belief changes. It's interesting. For years and years and years, I mean a lot of years, I wasn't on again, off again meditator. I do it, I get all inspired, and I would um do it for a while, and I would quit. And so I just had this sort of belief like I was the kind of person who just could never stick

with it. And then through you know a lot of the things that we talked about in in your book here and and that, you know a lot of things I work with clients on all that, I got to a point where I became a daily meditator, you know, for a lot of years, you know, several years in

a row, like every day. And then recently there's been a lot going on and I fell out of the habit a little bit, But the whole time that I was out of the habit, it just felt like a matter of time till I picked it up again, because I thought of myself as I'm someone who meditates, That's what I do. So it was just there was this dissonance inside. It wasn't the dissonance of I'm a failure, I screwed up again. It was just the dissonance of like, I'm a meditator and I'm not meditating, and so I

found my way back to it. It was just very interesting for me to have that experience as somebody who had had the opposite belief about myself for so long. Yeah, that's interesting how identity can also like pull you back to center, you know, like if you if it's working for you, and uh, this comes back to that notion that we talked about earlier, which is that habits are a double edged sword, and so identity can work for

you or against you. Right. It can be a very empowering thing, like I'm a meditator, or it can be a negative thing like I'm bad at directions or I'm terrible at math, or I can't I don't remember people's names. I'm the type of person who works out for a month and doesn't do it anymore, and that all of those are just examples of your identity reinforcing negative habits

rather than possible ones. I think what starts to happen is what I see people do is if they think they're the kind of person to start something and then doesn't stick with it the minute they don't stick with it for a day, which happens to everyone all the time, right, I mean, we're not perfect. The minute it happens, they start going I knew it, I knew it, I knew

I was the kind of person. I screwed up again, you know, And that sort of when that mental chatter takes over, it is not conducive to doing anything positive. We we sometimes think, if I'm just hard enough on myself, I'll do the right thing. But that doesn't really seem to be the way this works. I think your your idea of like putting your identity on the back burner for a little while while you accumulate some new evidence

is a really good one. You know. It's like, don't criticize yourself for your faults, don't praise yourself for your success. Is just put your judgment on the side for a little while. Let's just leave it over there for a month, right, and just be willing to try to experiment with something new and you might surprise yourself. Um. And I think that that's where habits can come into play, if you let them surprise you in accumulated evidence of being this

new person. It's the Carol Duet growth versus fixed mindset thing, right, I mean the growth mindset. You know, a lot of people think it's silly or like, well, of course, the growth mindset, that's ridiculous. I'm never going to be an NBA player, Like, well, no, I'm not like I mean, you might have been able to be right, you're a tall guy. I was not gonna was not gonna in the in the cards for me. But that's not what a growth mindset says. It just says I can get better.

Doesn't put a limit on how far I'll get better, just I can get better. And the fixed mindset says, no, this is the person I am. And so I think often again, just opening that door to like I can get better, I think that's actually a crucial distinction, you know, like the deliberate practice or growth mindset or any of these um grits, these strategies that are about, like, you know, you can become much more than what you think you can.

Those strategies are not saying you can be anything. It's not saying a five ft four person is going to play in the n B a UM. But it is saying that anyone can get better if they're willing to practice and have this kind of growth ringset and so on. And I think that that is true. Humans are learning machines, and you know, like you might not be a concert violinist if you start practicing the violin, but anybody who practices and has an open mindset will get better at

playing the violin. Yeah, I'm not naturally musically talented in the way that I know lots of people who are. I mean, I've been around a lot of people. I'm like, they're just gifted. It was never that way. But I'm a pretty decent guitar player, you know, because I just kept doing it. You know, I wanted to do it. I kept doing it, and so I was able to get way better than I ever thought I could have gotten, you know, um, just by doing it and so um. So let's talk about the four stages of habits, and

then we'll go into the four rules. Sure, so I'll explain them a little bit from a conceptual level and then give you maybe one or two examples. See what looks like. So I break habits into four stages, and those four stages are Q, craving, response, and reward. And I do that for a very specific reason. So pretty much every habit and possibly every human behavior, you can say,

cycles through these four stages. So first, there's some kind of queue or some kind of let's say raw data that you take in um often external doesn't have to be, but it's often visual. So for example, uh, the que could be you walk into a room and the room is dark, so you see that the room is dark. Then you have some kind of craving, and the craving is about how you interpret the queue. So it's about your prediction, and different people can have different cravings even

if it's the same queue. Right. You can imagine two people walk into the kitchen and they see a pack of cigarettes on the counter, and one person is a smoker, and they interpret that que as oh, I have a craving to smoke this, you know, and the other person has never smoked. I was like, now just looks at a pac cigretts doesn't mean anything, right, So same que. Totally different interpretation. And the craving is crucial because how you interpret the cues and your life determines how you

respond to them. And so if your interpretation is different, the response is different. So that leads you to the third stage, the response. So in my example, I was giving you walk in que the room is dark, craving. I want to be able to see or want to reduce the uncertainty of being in a dark room. Response, I flip on the light switch. And then the final step is the reward, which in this case is you're

able to see the room is lit. And of course, in that example of the habit of flipping out a light switch, that happens in what half a second, you know, the fraction of a second. I mean, we're going through this process endlessly and all the time, and it's happening very rapidly. Your your brain is going through these four stages and if you do it enough and then you can go through all four stages pretty much on autopilot.

You know, like when you walk into a dark room, you don't think I would like to be able to see, you know, like you don't have this conscious craving, but it's just naturally and implicitly there. And and really what I'm describing with those four stages is the process of learning, right because say take another half bit, like tying your shoes. Well, the Q might be you have this shoe on your foot that's untied. Craving is I want to have the shoe secure, I want to have the shoe tied. Response,

I try to tie my shoes. Reward Well, maybe the first couple of times you do it, you're not good at tying your shoes, so then you know it doesn't work, like the nod as all messed up. You can't figure it out. But then you know, as a kid, you practice tying your shoes hundred times, five hundred times, thousand times. Pretty soon you can tie your shoes on autopilots just a habit. You can go through the queue, the craving, the response and the reward. You're not even thinking about it.

You can have a conversation with somebody else, you can think about what's on your to do list for the morning and so on. I'm still wearing slip on, Yes, they make it easy on yourself. So this is a This is ultimately the purpose that habits serve, right. They allow us to solve the problems that we face in life, the recurring problems. Some of them are small, like needing to tie your shoe. Some of them are bigger, like what do I do when I come home from work

each day and I feel exhausted? What are my habits for dealing with that? And uh. But the point is, whenever you face a bom repeatedly, your brain starts to automate the solution, and it does that by going through these four stages and learning how to respond to the cues and problems that you face throughout life. And so those cues could be internal or external. So the one we talked about you walk into the room though it's dark, that's your cue or using cues um as a way

to remind us to do a habit. But they're also the internal state which you describe, which is I get home from work, I'm stressed. The stress is the queue, right, So in that case, it's probably a combination of internal and external. Like let's say each you know, you come home from work and you step in the front door, so you have a context of walking in the door

from work, So that's kind of physical. Um, you know, I come in the door at five thirty, And then you also have this internal feeling of like I'm stressed and exhausted from a long day. And when you put all that together, that kind of is the thing that initiates the habit. Something that makes habits a little difficult to pin down or difficult to change is that, over time, it's often the case that habits are not triggered a single little cue, but actually by like the overall context

of the environment. You know, So like you you go upstairs after work, and you change into comfortable clothes, and you make dinner, and then you finished dinner and the context of being in your living room at night leads to the habit of watching Netflix for three hours. Um. And it's not really any one thing in the living room, but it's the overall situation. And uh, this is one reason why it can often be easier to build new

habits in a new environment. Right because let's say that you want to build a habit of reading in this example, I just gave, Well, if you're trying to do that after dinner each night and you say, Okay, I'm gonna read on the couch instead. Well, that whole context is you have this association with it that's nudging you toward

watching Netflix for three hours. And so it's often easier to change it up a little bit, Like you could, um, you buy a new chair and put it in the corner of the room and that's the reading chair and the only thing that you do in that chair as you read. And so you try to associate this new habit with a new area or context so that you aren't fighting like all the old stimuli that are nudging

you toward your previous habits. Well, let's go into the four rules of behavior change, because this is really where we start to get practical suggestions for how to change things. Right, So we just talked through those four stages que, craving, response, and reward. And for each stage I've come up with a law, which I'll call the four laws behavior change. So, if you want to build a good habit for your cues, you want to make the cues of your good habits obvious.

So the first laws make it obvious. For craving, you want to make it attractive. For the response, you want to make it easy, and for the reward, you want to make it satisfying. And so those four laws make it obvious, make it attractive, make it easy, make it satisfying, give you sort of like a toolbox that you can use for building a good habit. And then if you want to break a bad habit, you just invert each of the four laws. So for your bad habits, you

do want the cues. Instead of making it obvious, you want to make it invisible, make it unattractive, make it difficult, make it unsatisfying. And with those with the inversion of the four laws, you have this set of tools for increasing the likelihood that you'll be able to break a bad habit. And um, the way that I like to think about them is they're kind of like four levers, and when the levers are in the right positions, it's

really easy to build good habits. It kind of this effortless and when they're in the wrong positions, you're kind of fighting this uphill battle. And so they my hope is that those four laws of behavior change give you a very practical guide for how to actually adjust your habits in daily life, like what can we really do about this? And they make the insights and the science about how habits work, and they turn that into an actionable framework. Join us next week for part two of

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