Episode 236: The Times

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They could suddenly control time. It changed everything. Time was that if they wanted to blow something up, they would have to throw a bomb themselves, which was dangerous beyond the obvious. If you survived the throwing and the blowing up, you'd have to get away if you wanted to get away with it. But in the Civil War, Confederate engineer had figured out a number of methods for attaching timers to incendiary devices.

They were crude and unreliable, but they were inspiring. To militaries, to mining engineers, to saboteurs and murderers. And they got better. And by 1910, there were men... Some unknown number, dozens, likely more, men whose job was to place time bombs. To travel the country, check into a hotel, build the bomb, sticks of dynamite, wires, an alarm clock. check out of the hotel, place the bomb, get on a train, and be long gone by the time it went off. John McNamara charged 200 bucks for this work.

I do not know if that included expenses or not, or if he had to cover the trip to Los Angeles, or the hotel on Fifth Street downtown, where he built the bomb for what would turn out to be the final job of his career. It was supposed to be routine. Shouldn't have been any more dangerous than any other mission. Dynamite is quite stable as explosives go. The wiring was simple enough. The clockwork was literally metaphorically reliable. And men like McNamara who did this work.

More or less got to the point where the only real worry was that the thing might not blow up. That someone might find a bomb that had failed to explode, and that maybe the cops would start tracing things back to the people who hired them, but really. The cops didn't even seem to care anymore. People were blowing things up all the time then. Someone wanted to build something, a factory, a warehouse, a bridge.

They wanted to do it on the cheap. They didn't want to pay union labor. Someone like John McNamara would ride into town, would wire up a time bomb, would place it at a construction site, set it to go off in the middle of the night when the workers wouldn't be around, and... Neither would the bomber, as he would likely be sound asleep on some train rumbling its way through the night, leaving behind some blown-up construction equipment, building materials, lumber, what have you.

and with it a message sent particularly loud and clear to the developer. If you want this building to go up, you hire union men. It was highly effective. McNamara's brother was high up in the bridge and structural iron workers union of Indianapolis, and it seems was behind many of the bombings that occurred around the United States right after the turn of the century. There were hundreds. Hard to believe now.

They were often at ironworks. They happened so often, and the evidence left behind by these men on the move was typically so scant that the police scarcely lifted a finger. J.J. McNamara was a true believer. as was his younger brother JB, and as were so many of the other men scattered around the country, waiting for word on where they would strike next, it was probably inevitable that someone would be sent to Los Angeles.

It was, after all, where Harrison Gray Otis lived. There is no definitive answer as to what changed him. Nothing in his biography is no direct public statements. Nor is there any explicit evidence to help us determine the degree to which the fact of that change made him public enemy number one of the labor movement. But Otis was once a union man.

before he rose to the rank of lieutenant general in the Union Army during the Civil War. Before that, he was a journalist and a member of the Typographers' Union. He was still on the rolls after the war ended. and stayed a dues-paying member when he owned the Los Angeles Times. All the way up, it seems, until the point that he locked out members of his own union in an effort to break them. That's when Otis changed. He was an owner then.

Maybe it was as simple as that. But from then on, 1890, he was one of America's most prominent and effective anti-labor activists, working tirelessly to unite business owners in the newly booming Los Angeles. and the cause of suppressing wages and breaking unions wherever they deigned to try to form, especially at his own shop, which for decades remained the only non-union newspaper in the region, and whose pages during his tenure

were filled with sensational stories and strident editorials, often written by Otis himself, designed to scare his readership away from the labor movement. J.B. McNamara thought the building would be empty. That was always the plan. So he slipped into an alley where they stored barrels of ink, slipped the bomb in a dark corner, and was on the train out of town when it blew.

He didn't know that more than 100 people were there working late. Didn't know about the special edition that had been planned for the next afternoon to publish the results of a big auto race. The building was typically empty at 1 in the morning. But it wasn't when the bomb went off. And what was supposed to be a modest blast wasn't. It triggered the ink barrels, which were oil-based.

And another larger explosion from a gas leak that the McNamaras couldn't have known about that Otis would say he didn't know about, even though workers told reporters for other papers that they'd been complaining about it for weeks. had had to leave all the windows open to try to get rid of the smell. The workers who'd survived. The workers who had been trying to organize. The ones who weren't among the 21 who'd been killed. Trapped in the fire that tore through the building.

or who died in the blast, like the typesetters men like Otis had once been before becoming an owner, who were thrown against walls, torn to ribbons by metal letters turned to shrapnel.

We don't know when J.B. McNamara knew that the job had gone wrong. If he had stuck around in L.A., he could have picked up a special issue of the L.A. Times. That very morning. A second morning edition that rolled off a second printing press that Otis owned just blocks away.

where other men would place metal letters in trays that would form the words that would tell the city about their lost comrades. There would be a lot of words in the Times and in papers around the world in the following months. It was perpetually front page news. There was an extended period where many of Otis' opponents were certain that he had had the bombs planted himself. A false flag operation to further his anti-union cause. Though that doesn't seem to be true.

There was a bomb found at Otis' house, and another at the home of the secretary of the Merchant and Manufacturers Association, a group that Otis founded to keep unions out of LA. There were rumors that the police planted those bombs, and that wasn't proven, but... does fit with the LAPD's MO at the time. We will likely never know the truth. Eventually, J.B. McNamara confessed. To the bombing at the Times, he said he didn't know anything about the bombs found at the houses.

He said he hadn't intended to hurt anyone, but nonetheless regretted that Otis hadn't been there when it went off. He would spend the rest of his life in prison. His older brother would be there with him too in San Quentin, though. He only had a 15-year term. Three other accomplices did time too. And there were dozens of other arrests around the country as police began to care about the bombings. The one at the LA Times changed everything for a while.

put the labor movement on its back heels for two whole decades. There is a monument in the Hollywood Forever Cemetery in L.A. It's not far from where Jane Mansfield is buried. Two of the Ramones. Douglas Fairbanks, Mel Blanc, and plenty of silent movie stars whose names likely won't mean anything to pretty much anyone these days. The monument has a bronze eagle on top. Otis was into eagles.

And it lists the names of the men who died. It calls them martyrs who died in the cause of liberty, as defined by Otis, as the freedom not to be in a union. It calls it the crime of the century, which is true. Probably, at least for a brief time. It says that the men and their deaths would never be forgotten.

This episode of The Memory Palace was written and produced by me, Nate DeMeo, in September of 2025. This show gets research assistance from Eliza McGraw. It is a proud member of Radiotopia, a network of independent artist-owned listener-supported podcasts from PRX, a not-for-profit public media company, which is fighting the good fight, incidentally, in these outrageously difficult times for public media.

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