The Firefox Story

celled organism developed into the first web browser. No. Um, yeah, so you know there's this guy, Tim burns Lee works over at CERN. Like I feel like I've heard his name. Dude came up with this neat way of displaying information using a network connections, which would eventually blossom into the

beautiful flower we know as the World Wide Web. We probably don't call it that so frequently anymore, if you if you read like the stuff from the the early nineties Worldwide Web and Information super Highway with that, they

seem to be required in every single news story. Yeah. Well, we've started a little loopy here, but yeah, it's it's clear, and we haven't we we haven't mentioned it in quite some time, but we have mentioned it on multiple occasions that the Internet is basically a medium of UH communication between computers. It's it's a network of networks. UH. Your computer hooks up to the Internet and you can send information in a number of different ways. A lot of them are our pass a now or or less used

than others. I mean people like Gopher or using UH transmission protocols like Gopher and and waste. Um. You know, people just don't do that very much. Using that is less used than it used to be. Um. Email has certainly used quite a bit, and still quite a few people are using fault transfer protocol sure sure, um. The different instant messenger protocols, they they're none of these are

the Worldwide Web. The world Wide Web basically puts a very public pretty face on it, in some cases less than pretty, especially if you don't like crawling graphics and and midi files. This is the old you know, this is the the user friendly version of what the Internet has to offer. For a lot of people, they thought the world wide webin Internet were synonymous. Not really the case.

But we wanted to talk about a particular browser and a company an organization that that helped bring this browser about and how it kind of became a power player actually it was the power Player for a while, or an ancestor of it was, and then it faded to obscurity, rose from the ashes. But we'll get into that. So we're talking about Firefox in general. But to to understand Firefox and the story behind Firefox, you actually have to go back quite a ways, well before there was ever

any sort of Firefox web browser. So all the way back to nine two and then in ninety two. We're talking the early days of the web at this point, and it seems kind of crazy. I mean, we're recording this in so that's you know, just twenty years. But um, a fellow by the name of Mark andresen Uh. Basically this was this was a college project. He and Eric Bina or or Bina, I'm not sure how to say

his last name. They began to work on a browser for x Windows on Unix computers and this was something they decided to start working on this after being shown the work that Tim burners Lee had been doing over at CERN, and they said, wow, you know, we should start creating a browser that could access this sort of stuff. And so they worked together and they created something they called Mosaic, which was one of the earliest web browsers. Yeah, and it really it. It sort of helped popularize the

world Wide Web for a lot of people. Um, for a couple of reasons. One it was it was not it was reasonably nice to look at. It was easy to use, UM. But it was also free because it was well again in college project, So it was one of those things that was just offered. Now you kind of had to know where to find it. UM. You kind of had to know. I have an idea what the world Wide Web was, and at that point, it was, uh,

sort of a hobbyist thing. UM. You know I I used when I used bit neet back in in the day's. Immediately proceeding that, I was using basically email, um, using chat. But I really had no idea what the web was. And I started doing some reading around around that time and said, no, this this looks kind of interesting. UM. And uh, you know, I didn't have a web client

for Miamiga at the time. UM, but I started using max around that time and found out that there was a version of Mosaic available for which I I actually purchased with a book that told you how to use the darned thing. And it came on a floppy disk, and so I loaded Mosaic from from from that and started on the web. Yeah, some interesting connections we should we should talk about. I mean, you're going to find out that there are a lot of connections to various

web browsers out there just coming from Mosaic. One of the earliest and to me, really interesting ones is that in nine company called Spyglass Incorporated licensed the Mosaic browser and they began to develop its own code base based on Mosaic, and then they licensed that code base to Microsoft and that would become part of what would eventually

be Internet Explorer. So Mosaic and Internet Explorers share some some code when you go way way, way, way way back, um, and it's uh, you know, that's to me, that's a very interesting thing, especially when you look later on down the timeline of the evolution of browsers out there on the market. Yeah. Yeah, Now, of course that that's less of a direct lineage than what and Reason and company would do when they decided to go ahead and make some money off of this thing, which is the founding

of the company Netscape. Yeah. First it was called Mosaic Communications, but they renamed it before too long to Netscape Communications. Uh. They being Mark and Reason and Jim Clark. Uh. This was same year that Spyglass incorporated as licensing Mosaic itself. Uh, and they come up with the the browser Netscape and this was a a pay for browser. You would buy the browser. I bought a copy off the shelf, shrink wrapped copy of Netscape too, and it became the communicator.

It actually became quite popular and the adator I'm sorry, navigator. There are a lot of a lot of do you want to go back? No? No, well, okay, we'll just keep going then. All right, Hey, guess what, guys, sometimes we go back anyway, And that escape was that is

very rare though. I remember I remember the uh, the little window and the and the right upper right part of the screen, which you know, if you've used the web for a while, you remember that the little thing that would tell you that it's actually working, um, which it wasn't. The you know thing from left to right in the navigation bar, the address bar, I guess. But yeah, back in Netscape navigator days, they had an old ship's

wheel that was so nice. We call that the helm. Anyway, the the the browser became popular it kind of well. It introduced and a concept called extensions, which most people are familiar with these days. Extensions extend the features of a browser by I'll let you install some new code

that gives it some added functionality. This gave websites, uh, or people who are developing websites the ability to include stuff that wasn't natively supported by HTML, because the browsers were able to interpret the new code and and render it properly on the screen so that you're getting the experience that the people wanted you to have, the people being the web developers and uh. Around that time, in

the early nineties, Netscape was doing really well. In fact, it might have had a market share as high as eight percent of the browser market at that time, and that's pretty remarkable considering that it was a pay for browser. Yeah. Yeah, at that point, Netscape was was riding very high in the market. Um. You know, of course, they were competing with online service providers like A O L and compy serve um, but the web basically was was Netscapes to lose. Yeah,

at the beginning of the end. We now see when you're talking about the possibility of paying you for your web browser, versus a competitor that comes along and offers one for free, UM that's freely downloadable and has the muscle of somebody really big behind it, like on a know, Microsoft, like Steve Bomber, it's a big guy. Huh. Yeah. Microsoft launches Windows ninety five and has the web browser that's

included with Windows is Internet Explorer. Now, remember, Internet Explorer was built partially upon that code base from Mosaic, and it was, as Chris was saying, free of charge. You could download it freely and use it yourself, so you didn't have to buy a copy of a browser. And it even came with Windows, so you didn't even have to bother with it, right if you if you bought a new computer, then you had Internet Explorer built right in there. In fact, that ended up causing some problems.

There were some issues about Internet Explorer being tied so tightly into the UM the operating system experience on Windows that it brought up some antitrust issues for Microsoft down the line. But that's really more of a Internet Explorer story, not so much a Firefox story. So let's go back over to what's going on. It took some time, but Internet Explorer even though it was free. I mean, it did not immediately take over like it wasn't. It wasn't

an overnight now turnaround. It took about four generations of Internet Explorer for it to catch up to Netscape. Meanwhile, Netscape branched out. They did more than just use Netscape Navigator. They also wanted to create an entire suite of tools that you would use, uh for email and for UM using that and some of the other stuff. And they built a larger suite so you you had an option. You could go with Netscape Navigator if you just wanted to use the web, or a suite that they called

Netscape Communicator, which had the greater functionality. Unfortunately, in doing this, they gradually, and this is common, uh you know, it's happened into Microsoft and many many others. Uh, the code gradually became more bloated, more resource intensive if you will, um, and made load time slower, made things more difficult. So now you have a you know, a heavyweight Internet heavyweight and Netscape going against uh, the the net newbie Microsoft.

But Microsoft has the leaner, more integrated browser in this case and again free. So yeah, by that fourth generation of Internet Explorer, we started to see things switch around to the point where it was it was clear that Internet Explorer was going to run away with it. So

in n uh Netscape Communications made a big decision. They decided that they would offer Netscape the Netscape browser for free, yes, and that they would freely offer up the the the source code, so that it would become an open source project. So this, in other words, you could be a developer and go in and you could tweak Netscape and have your own version of that escape and under the right you know, you had to follow certain rules, but you could do that. The community very quickly became huge and

there was a new name for this project. It was called the Mozilla project. Yes, now I understand that the the name for Mozilla came from it's sort of a fudged portmanteau, which is a combination of words for mosaic killer or mosaic killer. Um. Of course that took on the form of dinosaur because it makes people the name Mozilla makes people think of Godzilla um, so they of

course didn't want to I'm sure copyright infringement. So Mozilla's dinosaur monster blizzard giant thing is that red instead of green and really bears no resemblance to UH to Godzilla, although the more like a Toyrnosaurus or maybe of a lossa raptor. Yes, now there there have also been multiple incarnations of the design for the critical But yeah, so it looks nothing like a Firefox, right the most little project launches, but it would not be until two thousand

two before they released Mozilla one point oh. And this was a browser that included email client functionality among other features. But at that point Internet Explorer was dominant in the market. It had a market share. So we're talking about a time where you know, we went from ninety four or so where UH Netscape had about market share to two thousand and two where I E now has nine of the market share. So this is a good thing to

point out. Things change, really, Yeah, market share can change dramatically from one from one decade to the next, or even in just the span of a few years. The reason why that's important to remember is that we always talk about market share as if it is the most important thing in the world in some cases, like you know,

talk about and smartphone adoption or whatever. Um. But it's true that these things can change dramatically, and someone who's on top, and you would think, oh, this guy is going to dominate the market forever, could very easily become and also ran in just a few years. And everything is relative to um if I if I may step on a very small soapbox and only hast room for

one bars open it. Um. But yeah, I mean, people talk about the filling the blank here killer and you know, those long term listeners will remember that I brought this up before. It drives me crazy when people talk about the filling the blank killer, because in just a few years they'll be talking about whatever that was killer. And and in some cases they don't kill so much as carve out a niche market and uh and go for it.

I mean, um, you know in this case, uh, Internet Explorer would have been the Netscape killer, and in some cases they did. Um, but Mozilla would come back and carve out its own space, and then Chrome came along years later, and it is you know, that's it's sort of what's going on right now at the time, same as it ever was, you saved as it ever was,

so well, go ahead. I was just gonna say, some community members of Mozilla, what's interesting is you've got the Mozilla project you've got the Mozilla browser, you still have people in the community who don't necessarily think that the way that the Mozilla browsers developing is the right way to go. And that's the beauty of having an open source community is that you don't you know, there's not

necessarily just one path that you can take. You can have multiple paths to try and create the best browser experience possible. Yes, some of those community members decided that there was there were some issues they had with Mozilla. One of them was that they felt that it was suffering from feature creep, which is the same thing we

were talking about with nature creep. Yeah, it turns into like Dracula and Mummy and then the creature for the Black Lagoon and I've been watching too much Supernatural relately watched in an episode last night it was about that. Anyway, No, the idea that that they were again Mozilla was starting to become, in their mind bloated the way Netscape pad, and they did not really think that that was something they should pursue. They thought that perhaps they should take

the code and make something else out of it. So this group created a browser that they called Phoenix, as in Rising from the ashes. Now they were a legendary bird that Yeah, yes, the one that was featured heavily in the documentary series Harry Potter. Um the uh the But it is a fitting it is a fitting image for this browser, which at one time had been Netscape.

So Phoenix rises from the ashes, but also tends to fall again because it turns out someone else has the name Phoenix, so they can't really use it, so they renamed it Firebird. That caused a problem because there was another organization that used the word firebird about distributed software. So that was an issue. They ended up thinking, okay, okay, okay, we'll name it something else. We'll call it, uh firefox. Yeah. Now firefox has the benefit here of going with the

fire part at the beginning. Um, but adds another very cool animal image in there. Now, a firefox isn't actually a fox. It is in fact a red panda, which in my opinion are really neat animals. But you know, um, and actually recently, um, the Mozilla Foundation has sponsored uh the well being of a couple of red pandas in the Knoxville, Tennessee zoo. Uh. They even had a webcam up which had the little critters running around and playing and sleeping and sleeping, which they always seemed to be

doing right as it tuned in. Oh look, there's and down for a up. Um In two thousand three was when Mozilla created the Mozilla Foundation, which is an independent, nonprofit organization. It's mainly meant to manage the daily operations of the Mozilla project. Yeah. Well, and we didn't really touch on this, but the remnants of Netscape were purchased by America Online, so A O L bought Netscape. But the Mozilla Foundation has the ability to to go off

and do their own thing here, so they have. Yeah. Yeah. So two thousand four was when Firefox one point oh was released, and uh, it became a very popular browser very quickly. In less than a year, they had over one hundred million downloads. So Firefox was quickly kind of viewed as the the alternative to Internet Explorer. I can hear all the Opera fans out there screaming at me, but you know, that's the popular The popular view was that Firefox if you didn't want to use Internet ex or,

you should use Firefox. Yeah. Now, I had actually been using Opera up until that point. Um, as I specifically, remember a friend of mine going, hey, you know, I know you like Opera, but you really should try this Firefox out. And I was kind of skeptical because I was one of the people who was cranky at Netscape for getting so darn bloated. I tried Netscape Communicator for a long time and it just drove me crazy. And I didn't like Internet Explorer for the Mac very much.

So yeah, once, once I tried it, I got hooked. Give you guys some reference two thousand four. That's around the same time that companies like MySpace and Facebook are starting to to make a name for themselves. Of course, at that point, Facebook is strictly a college only experience. But yeah, that's that gives you an idea of what's going on around that time. It would be two years before version two point oh of Firefox came out that

they would update. They made lots of frequent updates to the Firefox browser, but they were all very incremental without made your changes to the code point releases. You don't say, so it wasn't until you know, it's two years after the debut before two point I came out, and it was another two years when version three point oh came out,

So it was two thousand eight. Uh. The reason why I'm bringing this up is it'll be interesting when we get to talk about what version is currently help in the wild right now as of the recording of this podcast. But um, but yeah, two thousand eight was when version three point I was released and Firefox hit twenty of the market share. Now, UM, I'd like to bring this up because the Mozilla Foundation does a lot more than just uh than justin Firefox and pandas and pandas red

pandas they're so cute. Um uh. They also had split off some of the other code that was part of Communicator. For example, Thunderbird, which is your email client UM is UH is sort of the the version that that used to be the mail client. And there there was a unified UM basically the derivative of Communicator itself, the suite, which was called Sea Monkey UM and they released um early versions of that. Thunderbird one point came out on December seven, two thousand four, and um uh Sea Monkey

one point oh came out on January two thousand and six. Now, both of these are probably not as in as much in the public eye. Thunderbird more so but Sea Monkey certainly not as much as as either one of those two. UM, but they still do work on those projects and over time, I just wanted to make sure that we mentioned them. But overtime, Mozilla has brought Thunderbird up to the same

basically the same version system that firefoxes on. Well, two thousand eleven, we have Firefox version four point oh released. I remember that was a big deal. It was the one that that came out. And then UM so between two thousand eleven and today, this being the end of November two thousand twelve when we record this, um they got busy. So, and this is Google's fault. We're seeing every couple of years we're seeing a new version of Firefox, a new a new version number like one to two,

two to three, three to four. So you would expect that maybe the next you know, version five point oh of Firefox probably come out in two thousand thirteen or so. Not the case. The Firefox operating are of non operating system a browser. We'll get to the operating system in a second, is currently at version seventeen as of the recording of this podcast, So between two thousand and eleven

and November two thousand twelve. We went from version four all the way up to seventeen and actually versions eighteen and nineteen are both in alpha testing right now. That is correct, and if you're interested, you can download those versions, even a nightly built if you want. Your mileage may vary, yeah, day by day, these browsers are changing, and some of them may not be what we like to call stable, but it just shows shows the massive amounts of change

that have come out over the last year. Now, now what influenced that. It was Google with the Chrome browser which came out and again, um, Google has a lot of resources that it can uh that it can give to the Google Chrome project, which itself is a derivative

of Chromium. Um. But Google Chrome came out and started updating very very quickly, and the folks at the Mozilla Foundation realized that in terms of new features being added, Chrome was out doing Mozilla quite rapidly, so they decided to put themselves on a on a rapid release cycle, to which frustrated a lot of people because Firefox, more so than Chrome, has been the standard by which companies operate.

Uh Internet Explorer or or Firefox, um, you know, not Safari, not not Opera, not not Chrome and um, so they've they've been on not as on a scale that's not as fast as Chrome, but they did update, uh start making updates more quickly and uh much more quickly than they used to be. And now they're on a sort of a cycle where they're releasing a couple maybe three

updates a year. Yeah, it's um maybe pretty dramatic. Yeah, to go from four to seventeen thirteen major releases um within the span of like a year and a half, really, but the releases seemed to be on a tight on a on a more level schedule now than they had been. They're playing catch up for quite some time. In October five, two thousand twelve, they released the Firefox build that that can be used in the Windows eight user interface. That's

that tiled interface that was formerly called metro UM. So that that came out towards the end of two thousand twelve. Also, they they're working on a smartphone I'll bringing system. Yes, that's kind of an interest thing that to build a an OS for our phones to really get into that market.

I mean, where are you talking about a market that's mainly being fought by Google and Apple with Windows trying to make a name for itself as well at that same time, and then other players like BlackBerry are trying to you know, regroup, and some like Symbian are almost gone. Yeah yeah now, And and it's interesting too because, um, like what Google is doing with its operating system, the Chromos, UM, Firefox OS is also leaning heavily on web standards for

its for its programming. So we're talking about HTML five, the the newly proposed but not yet finalized version of the Hypertext markup language, and a lot of the Mozilla specific APIs Application Programming interfaces. UM. Basically, these are are plug and play pieces of code that people can use

to make them compatible, intercompatible. UM. Mozilla is basically saying, hey, look, we're open source, we're free, and you know, we want to see if we can make inroads on people's smartphones and and people can use an Firefox OS simulator right now where you can actually give it a try. Actually, uh, the name for the simulator is R two D two B two G B two G By the ways, boot to get yes, which was the original name Gecko being the web interface that that or web engine that Firefox

is built on. But yeah, they they are a primarily web centric operating who come from I don't know. I have no idea, probably just something they made up. It's weird because I would think those were not the droids I was looking for. Entirely possible anyway. Yeah, so that that brings us up to date with what's going on with Firefox. Uh, it's a it's you know, I've used Firefox quite a bit in the past. Um, and it was for a very long time. It was my browser

of choice. It's still my browser of choice minus Chrome. I use Chrome, I still use Opera, I still use Safari from time to time. I am what Molly Wood calls a chrome puff. But on the other hand, um, if you're still using I E. Six Complete, please don't don't be that guy. Don't unless your computer literally cannot support any later version of Internet Explored, don't be that guy. Um. Yeah,

that that brings us up to speed. So guys, if you have any suggestions for future topics that we can tackle here at tech stuff, we'll have some suggestions for you. Write it down and send it to us, Send an email and address it to tex Stuff at Discovery dot com, or let us know on Facebook or Twitter. Are handled. There is tech stuff h S m W chrism. I will help you again really soon. For more on this

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