Rabbi Yehudah HaNasi - a man of great wealth, and why that matters. Even the non-Jews wouldn't think of starting up with him; such was his power and influence. Which segues nicely into a mishnah from generations earlier on the relationships between Jews and non-Jews. Namely, when a non-Jew does melakhah on his own behalf vs. on behalf of a Jew. For example, one candle lights the way for 100. And a story about Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai disembarking from a ship, where the halakhah explains the nar...
Jul 06, 2020•27 min•Season 2Ep. 122
A footnote to the Who's Who on Rabbi Yosi ben Halafta. And: Amira le-Akum, and how Jews are not responsible for non-Jewish activities on Shabbat. But Jews are responsible for the activities of Jewish children on Shabbat. Also-ran: When a miracle put out a fire on Shabbat, and that's not the focus of the story of putting out a fire on Shabbat. Also: a focus on determining Halakhah based on real-life stories. And: overturning a bowl to do actions indirectly on Shabbat - including to protect agains...
Jul 05, 2020•23 min•Season 2Ep. 121
Getting the community in on rescuing foods from the fire, and calculating who owns whom what. But are pious people going to take payment for this helping out on Shabbat? (Answer: quite possibly). Also: Smothering a flame on Shabbat, one-step removed - when is this allowed? Note that this Gemara reads a little nonchalant, given the context of fire in the home. Though their homes may have been less flammable.
Jul 04, 2020•14 min•Season 2Ep. 120
The source for Kabbalat Shabbat is here - going out to greet the Sabbath - and the implicit honor to the day. And a list of rabbis attests to what each of them did special in preparation for Shabbat. It's a real lesson to our efforts today too. Plus: One of the most famous stories about Shabbat - Yosef Moker Shabbat - is next, with a special guest. This telling includes a detail that we think is left out of many renditions for kids. Its message - getting back from Shabbat what he'd invested. How...
Jul 03, 2020•24 min•Season 2Ep. 119
Eating the 3 meals of Shabbat protects you from 3 harsh periods of travail - inspirational fear, if you will. Also: What happens when people don't keep Shabbat? Even from the very beginning of the mitzvah of Shabbat! In some ways, this is disheartening; in others, the capacity for return is inspiring. Plus: A series of statements by Rabbi Yosi - and our Who's Who. And the story if his 5 sons, his reported yibum, and his apparent asceticism.
Jul 02, 2020•24 min•Season 2Ep. 118
More rescuing from a fire on Shabbat - this time, food: for the 3 meals of Shabbat (or maybe all food), and enough to feed your animals. Also: An example of needing to save your bread from the fire - in the event of forgetting your bread in the communal bakery (what you can do to salvage your bread). Note how the day is designed to cultivate the "sparkles" of Shabbat in us. Plus: Prooftexts from the Torah for getting up early on Friday to prepare for Shabbat, for having lechem mishnah (2 loaves ...
Jul 01, 2020•21 min•Season 2Ep. 117
NOTE: Something went wonky with the audio for the first few minutes - then it clears up. Apologies! Now: What about breaking Shabbat to save blank folios that will become kitvei kodesh once they are written on? No dice. What about breaking Shabbat to save heretical scrolls from destruction? Even worse. Notable is the way this daf addresses the question of heresy head-on, here, from both the halakhic perspective and with a narrative recounting the activities of Chazal. Who's Who: Ima Shalom. Taki...
Jun 30, 2020•20 min•Season 2Ep. 116
A new chapter: If holy writings are threatened by a fire, save them on Shabbat, no matter what language they're written in. Also: A story to Rabban Gamliel about Rabban Gamliel, his grandfather, who hadn't allowed the same policy re texts - and then the accuracy of that story is disputed. And: The essential value of scrolls in translation. Plus: the parameters of the texts that are holy enough or texts enough to count as worthy of breaking Shabbat to save. Also: what's the shortest text worth sa...
Jun 29, 2020•24 min•Season 2Ep. 115
Honoring the Torah scholar, the talmid chacham. In the context of defining "Derekh Eretz" - the Torah teaches us manners, etiquette, and how to be a mentsch. Changing clothes, not wearing patched shoes, oil-stained garments as matters of respect. Note the higher standard for the talmid chacham, presumably given what he represents. The significance of presentability goes beyond what we often recognize in our casual era. Also: Stains on a donkey's saddle - when is it a barrier? A comparable case i...
Jun 28, 2020•24 min•Season 2Ep. 114
When there's no dispute... really. Also: A new topic: folding your garments and bedclothes in Shabbat, as long as you're not preparing for Saturday night. Including from Yom Kippur (before the calendar was set and rigged against that possibility). What is permitted to be folded depends on how many changes of clothes one has - to allow the treatment of Shabbat as special. That different treatment is sourced in Isaiah/the haftara for Yom Kippur, and applies to clothes, the way of going, what you s...
Jun 27, 2020•24 min•Season 2Ep. 113
Tying knots: professional, unprofessional, and knots that won't last. The Gemara says: well, obviously (!) a woman is permitted to knot her robe, and goes on to explain why it's a specified case. Especially because of knots that are not permanent, yet remain in place... permanently. Also: Halitzah. Plus: Rabbi Yochanan, Rabbi Yehudah, and Hizkiah on the impurity of vessels and how repairs change the original. A bit of Who's Who, including the generational shift from Tannaim to Amoraim, and the d...
Jun 26, 2020•23 min•Season 2Ep. 112
Are people permitted to castrate themselves (with a potion)? What about indirect castration? What about drinking such a potion if you're already sterile? What if the person drinking the potion is an old woman? The mishnah seems to be a far broader statement than the cases that whittle down its meaning. Also: Vinegar for medicinal purposes vs. as a condiment at a meal. Or rose water. To what extent do economic advantages dictate what substances are limited to medicinal use? Rabbi Shimon's implici...
Jun 25, 2020•24 min•Season 2Ep. 111
Is the Gemara talking in code? For part of this daf, it seems so. Beginning with remedies to cure someone who was bitten by a snake - presented as an event that happened, even Abaye relates to the case as going beyond its physical example. Which leads into other cases including snakes like you've never seen before, including a woman and a sexually promiscuous snake (is it code? We explore this question with the help of Dr. Shai Secunda and his excellent treatise that includes discussion of this ...
Jun 24, 2020•28 min•Season 2Ep. 110
Talmudic medicinal treatments, on Shabbat - some of them sound quite in line with practices today. Also, the first-thing-in-the-body spirit that we wash out of ourselves every morning, and the different reasons (elsewhere) for this take. Also, using wine on Shabbat, when vinegar is the real cure (and a bigger issue on Shabbat, unless wine itself will cure). And: a story of Chazal's practice with regard to these substances... and when is the injury so bad that the need is for vinegar's healing pr...
Jun 23, 2020•28 min•Season 2Ep. 109
Shmuel and Karna, and Rav. Sniffing a keg to make sure it's doing well. The word of God should be "in your mouth," so kashrut. Similarly, fruit trees and orlah have a literal meaning and a symbolic one. All of which leads to drama between Rav and Karna. Rav's curse (of Shmuel) comes to pass... Do Chazal have powers? Also: A new mishnah, prohibiting making brine on Shabbat (vs. salt water, which seems to be a difference in quantity of product and/or salt). How much you can or cannot your food on ...
Jun 22, 2020•27 min•Season 2Ep. 108
The 3 cases where "exempt" means not "no korban, but don't do it," but "no korban, and it's even allowed." Also: The new chapter of "8 crawling animals" - including discussion of what these creatures are, and the fact that wounding them leaves you exempt... Some significant disputes are these animals - what has separate skin? Plus: Killing a louse on Shabbat... How differently Chazal related to live, as compared to other animals, specifically with regard to their procreation (which we know today...
Jun 21, 2020•22 min•Season 2Ep. 107
When a destructive act can actually constitute "melekhet machshevet," even though it's not constructive in the least. Also: Trapping, which can depend on the size of the place used to capture the animal. And a discussion about a free bird... that does not accept authority (!). Plus: Another animated discussion among Chazal. And: Deer! What happens if the deer you're trapping can't run away? Well, it depends why it can't run. And what about grasshoppers and hornets and so on?!
Jun 20, 2020•18 min•Season 2Ep. 106
Abbreviations - in the Torah itself?! Apparently so, and with the claim that it's part and parcel of the Torah itself. Then: moving on to "sewing 2 stitches," and "tearing in order to sew 2 stitches." That is, constructive tearing for the purpose of sewing. Also, tearing keriyah - as a sign of mourning, in anguish. Or one who tears in anger. Mourning obligates tearing keriyah! One who is present at the moment that a person dies is also obligated to tear keriyah - according to this Gemara at leas...
Jun 19, 2020•24 min•Season 2Ep. 105
From the melakhah of writing to the Hebrew alphabet. Discussion about the letters themselves, and letter-play, apparently in the hands of the young students. "At-Bash" and other midrashim about the letters. And: Back to the halakhot about writing... All kinds of inks and other substances that are visible and lasting if you write with them. And where you write is pretty flexible too, wherein the two letters don't necessarily have to be next to each other, if they are legible and combine to make w...
Jun 18, 2020•25 min•Season 2Ep. 104
A closing general note that emerges from the discussion on the previous daf. And: plowing, etc. In any amount incurs a korban -- because it is inevitable that all of these cases are beneficial to the the land and its growth potential. Which means it doesn't matter if you intend to enhance the land - you're doing it anyway. Inevitability removes the excuse of "unintentional" melakhah. [What's What: Psik Reisheih] And then what matters is how beneficial it is to you, how much do you care about the...
Jun 17, 2020•23 min•Season 2Ep. 103
Finishing off HaZorek, the chapter, and our (current) discussion of carrying on Shabbat. A reminder of the two-part requirement for "carrying" to take place, and what it means to be obligated to offer the korban. Namely, if you throw an object on Shabbat, to be required to bring a korban, you must have forgotten that it is Shabbat, or that the action is prohibition on Shabbat, for the entire time of transfer of domains, from when you throw it to when it lands. Thus, we are reminded of the comple...
Jun 16, 2020•20 min•Season 2Ep. 102
Can walls extend into the empty space near them to establish a private domain? The answer lies in the little goats who can run around in that space. Also: Ships that are tied together - carrying from ship to ship. And a challenge regarding the language of the mishnah - can it mean carrying from a large ship to another large ship, with a small one attached between them? Can these ships join together to make an eruv? Love and behold, boats can combine for this purpose. But can you do so on Shabbat...
Jun 15, 2020•15 min•Season 2Ep. 101
Tannaitic halakhah... What happens when you throw an object 4 amot within the public domain? 4 different scenarios that fulfill this description.... When would you be obligated to bring a korban? When exempt? Plus: Now add bodies of water into the equations. Why is the water itself considered a karmelit, as compared to the public or private domain? Also, inconvenient passage vs. inconvenient usage. Plus: ships and boats, when you can carry from one to the next. How do we count the depth of the a...
Jun 14, 2020•20 min•Season 2Ep. 100
More on the Mishkan, but more concrete: the colorful curtains, made of goat hair. Spinning goat hair required exceptional taken or skin, especially because they did the spinning on the animal. Especially when you consider the wayward, stubborn nature of sheep or goats... Also: back to private/public domains, when one throws above 10 tefachim (air space that isn't in the domain) to land on top of a 10 tefachim. But here, R. Moredechai has a complaint that Chazal do not address his question thorou...
Jun 13, 2020•15 min•Season 2Ep. 99
The Mishkan, in glorious description of its architecture - what it means to turn the inherently abstract words into a concrete physical structure. Constructing a visualization from the text - some people are exceptional at this, of course But what if you're not a visual person? There are different ways of thinking, of course. Plus: Making the attempt to "translate" the words of one section of the daf into more of a visual description.... How the curtains adorn the Mishkan. Part if what's tricky ...
Jun 12, 2020•16 min•Season 2Ep. 98
The suggestion that Rabbi Akiva's interpretation on Miriam and Aharon goes too far. Which leads into a discussion of "choshed be-kesherim" - speaking I'll of those who are blame-free, and the punishment is to the speaker's body... A la Miriam and Aharon. Moshe also is presented as one who failed to believe, even as Bnei Yisrael are represented as believers in God's promise of redemption. Moshe's lack of belief bring attributed to when he hit the rock, if course. Nobody wants to be spoken *about*...
Jun 11, 2020•23 min•Season 2Ep. 97
The new chapter, HaZorek: Throwing an item between public and private domains; throwing an item from a private domain to another private domain, through a public domain; passing from private to privately domain, through public domain... The last there case there having been learned from the Levites practice in constructing the Mishkan (passing from wagon to wagon). Note: the Gemara explains the camp of the Levites and the "shabbat" completion of the Mishkan. Sanctifying time (Shabbat) and place ...
Jun 10, 2020•28 min•Season 2Ep. 96
Wait, how is braiding your hair the same as building? The Gemara makes sense of exactly this. Plus: Slice of Talmudic Life - making cheese. homegrown insults, and beit midrash consultation (still about the melakhot). What happens when Chazal shop study halls? Also - A new member of Chazal? Plus - sprinkling water to tamp down the dust in your home on a hot and dusty day. Namely, ancient air conditioning.
Jun 09, 2020•17 min•Season 2Ep. 95
Can a Jew lend a horse to a non-Jew for use on Shabbat? Ben Beteira says yes, even despite the strong requirement that the entire household rest on Shabbat. Why a horse? Note: The discussion here is matter-of-fact, without tension, on the topic of interaction between Jews/non-Jews. Also: transferring a piece of a corpse leads into a discussion of tzaraat. Wherein interfering with the skin ailment is prohibited (despite a possible human inclination to try to tweak what the kohen would see before ...
Jun 08, 2020•22 min•Season 2Ep. 94
When two people go carrying.... A case where one person was capable to carry and the other was not - who is obligated to bring a korban and why? Being nice may not always be the best course of action, if you aren't truly helping. So, what are the parameters? Basically, always check it out. Plus: Carrying less than the measure of food that would require a sacrifice in a container - the container doesn't count - after all, you can't carry soup in your bare hands. Similarly, carrying a live person ...
Jun 07, 2020•15 min•Season 2Ep. 93
