¶ Basics of ABGs
Welcome to Talking All Things , cardiopulm . I am your host , Dr . Rachele Burriesci physical board-certified and cardiopulmonary clinical specialist . This podcast is designed to discuss heart and lung conditions treatment interventions , research , current trends , expert opinions and patient experiences .
The goal is to learn , inspire and bring cardiopulm to the forefront of conversation . Thanks for joining me today and let's get after it . Hello , hello and welcome to Talking All Things , cardiopulm . I am your host , Dr . Rachele Burriesci . Before we get started , I'd like to introduce my sponsor , jane .
Jane is an all-in-one practice management software that offers a fully integrated payment solution called Jane Payments . Although the world of payment processing can be complex , jane Payments was built to help make things as simple as possible , to help you get paid , and it's easy to get started .
Here's how Head to Janeappcom to book a one-on-one demo with a member of Jane's support team . This can give you a better sense of how Jane Payments can integrate with your practice by seeing some popular features in action . If you know you're ready to get started , sign up using the code Cardiopalm1MO for a one-month grace period .
While you settle it , jane promises to be transparent with their rates and unlimited support team that cares . So again , thank you , jane , for your sponsorship . All right , welcome to Talking . All Things Cardiopalm and PTA Elevation . We're doing a dual podcast today , so I wanted to introduce myself .
I'm Rachel Barisi , a physical therapist , and we have with us today Brianna Drap . Brianna , would you like to do a little intro ?
Yeah , my name's Brianna Drap . I am a physical therapist assistant licensed in Pennsylvania . I also am going back to PT school , so I'm a first-year PT student at the University of Pittsburgh .
Also , my CSES we're just going to drop all the credentials and I own a business called PTA Elevation , which helps PTA students pass the NPT with less stress , less anxiety and feeling more confident on exam day . So that's pretty much what I'm doing making the NPT simple , easy to understand and pass it on your first attempt .
I love that . I love that . So that's a little similar thing on the PT side of things , just trying to give digestible information and hoping to help PTAs as well . So one conversation that we've been having on DM is really talking about ABGs and what it means and really where people get hung up on .
So you would say your followers , your listeners , do get hung up on ABGs . Yeah .
Yeah . So ABG stands for arterial blood gases and because there's so many acronyms , we want to make sure we're on the right track and we get really confused . So this is like our partial pressure of CO2 , partial pressure of oxygen , like what's important , what's good , what's bad , what does it mean and what does it mean when they're together ?
That's really the big thing . Lab values that's another thing that confuses a lot of people . Had somebody today just tell me like if I could just stuff lab values in my brain , I'd be like so much less anxious . So these are a lot of things that confuse a lot of students , especially as we get into the pathologies associated with them Absolutely .
I do want to put a plug in for the acute care section . So acute care section just put out their new set of lab value manual . So take a look at that . Go to the acute care APTA section . They have a new lab manual that you can look at , digest and take out all the important information .
But we're going to talk a little bit about arterial blood gases , and so the first thing I really just want to kind of put out there is why we are looking at ABGs . So when are we going to see ABGs in clinic ? So typically when an arterial blood gas is drawn , the patients typically in the ICU setting potentially in the emergency department .
There's something acute going on and so what they're doing is assessing if the person is hypoxemic . So they have oxygen saturation problems , maybe a problem with aviolar ventilation where they're literally not having good gas exchange . That's usually the main thing . The person comes in and they're short of breath .
Potentially their SPO2 is tanked , likely ABG is going to be drawn and then from that ABG we really are looking at two big pieces . One are they hypoxemic ? And that's really the only time you look at oxygen .
That's what it tells you If you have a PAO2 , a partial pressure oxygen , less than 80 , then we consider that hypoxemic and we're usually around less than 60 , that's when the person is considered to be in respiratory failure . Outside of that parameter , oxygen actually isn't the main thing that we look at .
So when we're looking at ABGs , what they're trying to figure out is the person in acidosis or alkalosis . So that's step one , and then the second part of that is what's causing the problem . So we can be in respiratory acidosis or alkalosis or you can be in metabolic acidosis or alkalosis .
So if you are trying to assess ABGs on a test question , typically what they'll do is they'll give you the normal ABG parameters , which are pH , partial pressure , co2 , oxygen and bicarbonate .
When you're trying to figure out acidosis versus alkalosis , you can kind of eliminate oxygen from the series , because the only thing oxygen is telling you is if the person is hypoxemic , normal and in some cases hyperoxemic . What they're really asking is acidosis versus alkalosis . So people get really tripped up on this .
But after many attempts of trying to learn those in PT school , out in clinic you see ABGs quite a bit . It wasn't until after my residency , when I started teaching ABGs , that I really was able to break this down into simple form . So first things first . You always check pH . So you have your pH , your partial pressure CO2 , and your bicarbonate .
Let's go through the ranges first , I guess would be the easiest thing . So normal pH should be between 7.35 to 7.45 . Perfect world number is technically 7.4 . So anytime you have the range , the perfect number is in the middle of that range .
But when you're looking at it , if we're less than 7.35 , we call it acidosis , if it's greater than 7.45 , we call it alkalosis . So the first thing you do when you name an ABG is look at the pH and determine is it acidosis or alkalosis ? Step one , step two is figuring out who is causing the problem . So I like to call it the problem child .
Who's the problem child ? Who's making the pH acidotic or alkalotic ? So then what you do is you look at the partial pressure CO2 . Partial pressure CO2 range is 35 to 45 . So the easy way to remember that is it's the same as pH to strap the 7 . So less things to memorize , same thing . Perfect world CO2 is 40 , just mid-range .
Co2 is considered the respiratory parameter . So , and it's acidic In nature , co2 is acidic . So if we have a range from 35 to 45 , if we have high CO2 , I name it acid . If you have low CO2 , less than 35 , name it , call it basic . So some people don't like the fact that I'll literally call CO2 acid or basic .
But it will keep you honest when you're naming it so literally . If you have your numbers written out , write the words next to it so you can't mess up and always write out the range on the paper . So whether you're taking the NPT for the PTs or PTAs , you should have a white board available . Write it out so there's no chance of messing up .
So if you have a pH , you're going to name it acidotic versus alkalotic . Then you're going to look at your CO2 and you're going to ask yourself is it normal , acidic or basic ? Whatever it is , it'll tell you if it's the problem child or not . Then you go to bicarb . Normal bicarb is between 22 and 26 . Perfect world is 24 .
If we're thinking about bicarb , bicarb is the metabolic parameter . So when you think metabolic , you're thinking kidneys as being a problem and it is known as a base . So if your bicarb is high , we're going to call it basic , so greater than 26 . If your bicarb is low , you're going to call it an acid . When you name it .
What you're basically doing is matching your pH to whichever matches it . So if your CO2 is high and it's acidic and your pH is acidic , well now you're going to name it respiratory acidosis . If your bicarb is high and your pH is high , showing basic they both match then you're going to call it a metabolic alkalosis .
So when they match , they name so always check the pH first , name it acidosis versus alkalosis , and then part two is figure out who's causing the problem , who's moving the pH . And you're good If you write it out , you're going to be set .
How do you feel about that ? I needed this in cardiopulm . That's what I needed . No , this is amazing because it's just a simple recipe . The boards when it asks questions , they don't really go into all that weird partially compensated , uncompensated , all of this other stuff , even though we know it's connected .
We know if we want to get into technicalities , but they're pretty black and white . If pH is high and then partial pressure of CO2 is high and bicarbs normal , then it's going to be respiratory acidosis , Right ? I don't know what I said . Ph should be low for that . It'd be alkalosis . Yes , it would be . I don't want to have to flip the numbers around .
We can edit that out .
See , look , I even get confused . Write it down . Write it down .
I'm doing it on my thing , so I'm going to write it out right now . So we have low pH , yep , and then we have high PCO2 . Respiratory acidosis Respiratory acidosis because if bicarb is normal , cause they're going to have it as bicarb normal to make sure they're not throwing off , so bicarb normal .
So we'll talk about that in a second but , I , wanted to do like an example , so that the numbers cause hearing . It is sometimes hard without seeing the numbers in front of you . But basically , when you're writing it down , always match it . Just play the matching game . It's just a puzzle .
It's a fun puzzle if you can nerd out with it and enjoy the process , versus like freaking out that you have an ABG in front of you .
Exactly . So , going through your steps , identify the pH . Is the pH too high or is it too low ? And they will give you like they won't give you the end range . So we're not going to say it's 7.35 , because that's just rude . They're going to say it's 7.3 or something like that , to get it out of the range that you know it's low .
So no need to worry about that . I know there's a lot of sources out there that get confused , like even my bicarb numbers for school were different . You're telling me it's 22 to 26 . That's what scorebillars textbook says . That's what therapy had says . It's what I've seen on the boards . I'm sticking with that .
Screw whatever my school says already passed those classes . So stick with what the numbers the books generally have close enough ranges and this is true for any lab value .
If they're going to give you a lab value on the boards , they're going to give it way outside the range that you know for sure it's too higher or too low , like white blood cell , they'll get you , give you like 15,000 . You're like , ok , that's definitely not high , that's definitely high . They're not going to give you like 10,746 .
They're not going to do something like that .
It's going to be obvious right 100% .
So first identify pH , see if it's higher or low , then see is which one's out of whack , which one's not in the normal range . Is it bicarb or is it partial pressure of CO2 ? And bicarb will be written as what ? Co3 minus Yep , hco3 minus , hco3 minus I forgot the H HCO3 minus . I had to take chemistry guys , so they'll have that .
And then , because that's a base , if there's too much of bicarb , that means it's going to be more basic , right , correct . And then if there's not a lot of bicarb , that means it's going to be more acidic . And if it's bicarb out of whack , then it's going to be metabolic , whatever .
Whatever matches the Ph . That's the key . Correct has to match the pH .
And so if you go through and you're answering your question and then you want to go back and see like OK , did my answer actually make sense ? Like let's see a flag , it Just go and see . Does my pH and whatever value I think is wrong . Match up , correct .
Right , exactly . So let's do an example , just because it'll make life a little bit easier . Ok , so we have a pH of 7.30 . So the first thing we do is we look at our range . We say this is low . Low means acidic . Write it out , don't just write the word low , because I know plenty of times students will mess up high and low on this .
Low pH is acidic . Your partial pressure CO2 is 49 . You look at your range 35 to 45 , it's showing CO2 is increased , which means it's acidic . So now you have pH's acidosis . Your CO2 is acidic . So you already have in your mind something . But you're going to check bicarb anyway . Bicarb gets checked . Bicarb is 23 . You know that bicarb normal is 22 to 26, .
So you write that as normal . So you name it . Now you have a pH which says acidosis . I always write the pH down first and then you say who caused it to be acidotic ? Your CO2 , which is your respiratory parameter . So you have a respiratory acidosis and the story . You follow that rule and you're good to go .
Perfect , there you go , and this is exactly how the board's going to set up , because you very easily have four possible answers , correct ? It can be metabolic or respiratory , and it's going to be acidosis or alkalosis , and they'll just interchange those things .
Like I've written sample questions , this is probably the easiest one to write , because you just put the values and then you have your four answers already there . So if you see this , don't panic . You can automatically get rid of two answers right off the bat , right , and then you'll see which one's out of whack .
If it's CO2 , just think respiratory , think CO2 , start thinking that metabolic , think bicarb . Correct 100% .
¶ Compensation vs Correction Mechanisms
So then another common question is do you correct for the problem or do you compensate for the problem ? Mm-hmm ? So that's a common question that they might ask . Or how does the body correct or compensate , correct ? So this is again an easy thing to do . So if the body is going to correct , that means the parameter that caused the problem fixes itself .
So if you have respiratory acidosis and you're going to correct for the problem , that means the lungs are going to fix itself . So if you have respiratory acidosis , that means you have high acid in the system , the body would correct itself by blowing out the CO2 . So we say you blow off the CO2. , the lungs are going to get it out .
If the lungs can't correct because , let's say , we're in failure , then the metabolic system is going to compensate . So the kidneys will compensate for the problem . And the way the kidneys are going to compensate for the problem is they're going to excrete , via the urine , acid or base , depending on what is the problem .
So if we have acidosis , we have high acid , it's going to excrete more acid , aka base is going to increase . So it's going to just do this move . It's going to go up and down , so it's going to try to get more bicarb .
So it's going to increase the bicarb level Because that's the base , so it's trying to neutralize it . And again , for the boards , they don't always go this in depth of what's happening . It will be . They will ask how would the body correct for this ? So if you have respiratory acidosis , how do you get to respiratory acidosis ?
Well , we can talk about pathologies . You could have COPD or something like that , where they can't get air out . So they're just getting all this air stuck in there , which that air includes CO2 . It starts to increase . What they sometimes try to do to get rid of it is the hyperventilation . But because they can't get air out , it's not really working too well .
And then , if you're thinking of what could cause alkalosis , it could be something that the person's hyperventilating a lot and blowing off a lot of CO2 .
And inadvertently , because maybe they're trying to , you know , maybe they have , you know , a restrictive lung disease and they're trying to get more air in the end of hyperventilating and it does the opposite effect 100% .
So if anybody's lost right now , just pause , rewind and start to think , start putting , like , if you want to put like base next to bicarb and then , like you know , acid next to partial pressure of CO2 , it's pretty confusing . But when it comes to a board's question , when you see it and if you know these parameters , like what does this actually mean ?
Like it's not just a value , it's not just a number on a page that you have to memorize If you understand why the hell it's even there in the first place . Sorry , I don't know if I'm allowed to swear , I'm not allowed to swear . I'm like , if you don't know why it's there in the first place , it's going to be very hard to conceptualize this .
That's why I always tell people stop trying to memorize and start to really truly understand what's going on , because the board is going to ask you questions with multiple layers . It's like a fricking onion 100% .
Keep going 50 layers deep and , as long as you can follow along with what all that fluff is saying in the question and pull up the important things like the keywords , the values and stuff , and you can put them together and synthesize them . The answer is right there and you'll be able to figure it out . Sorry , I went on a little rant there .
No , it's totally correct . The whole thing is a puzzle and there are ways to memorize these things , but I'm at that point in my life where I can no longer memorize . It just doesn't stick that way . So I think when you understand the concept and you can kind of work it out like a problem , it's easy to go .
¶ Understanding Acidosis and Alkalosis Compensations
So , regardless of whether it's acidosis or alkalosis , or it's a respiratory problem or metabolic problem , if the body corrects the thing that caused the problem , fixes it , and if the body compensates , the opposite system has to go in the opposite direction .
essentially , Exactly so like , let's say , we have somebody who has COPD and they're going into respiratory acidosis because they can't get air out and they're getting stuck .
So their partial pressure of CO2 is rising but because of their anatomy they cannot compensate via the lungs , so they're going to have to switch over to the metabolic system , which means that the kidneys are going to excrete a lot of what ?
Hydrogen ions and then bicarbs going to start increasing , bicarbs of base , trying to even it out , trying to neutralize that pH , and that's , I guess , why somebody with COPD can go into a multi-system organ failure via the kidneys . Bang , there it is .
See , now it makes sense , like now that we talked about I had all these things separately , but then you just have to bring it together .
I think once you think about who causes the problem with the pH , everything else falls in line . Always figure out the problem child , and then you'll know the next part period . So then there's one more concept and you can tell me if this is too far . But they may ask are you uncompensated , partially compensated or compensated ?
And that's when people really get thrown off .
Yeah , and that's more of going to be a PT question , because I had never seen that anywhere in the PTA stuff but just for my PTA friends like you will have patience for experiencing this . You can just put this in your toolbox for later if you want to , but I do think it's . You definitely need to talk about this for your , your people .
Yeah .
Cause this is what I literally sat here , rachel , on one of my practicals and she's like is it partially , is it fully , is it uncompensated ? I stared at her and I was like I know , this is alkalosis . I don't know , I don't know anything else . So you can , you can go into it with .
So everything that we talked about so far , where the opposite system hasn't helped , where the opposite system shows normal , you're uncompensated . So if you have an abnormal pH and you have a problem , child , that's clearly at a whack and the opposite system , the compensator , hasn't moved , you're uncompensated .
You just have a problem , right , and you've named it respiratory acidosis or alkalosis , or metabolic acidosis or alkalosis .
And that's most of how it will show up on the PTA exam will be like one's out of whack , the other one's fine , and then the pH is off Right .
Where it gets tricky is when you have two numbers out of whack , and so the same rules apply . If you can look at the pH , first , determine if it's acidosis , alkalosis , and then look for your problem child , you're going to be good even though both numbers are out of whack , because you understand the concept now .
So essentially what happens is exactly what Brianna described before . You have the patient who has COPD . They're in respiratory acidosis . Their body cannot correct for the problem , so their kidneys kick in and they excrete more acid , aka hydrogen . So their base starts to rise and that's what's going to even out your pH .
So when you're fully compensated , what you see is a normal pH . Your original problem child is still out of whack , and then you're going to see the compensator also out of whack in the opposite direction . So your base starts to rise to correct for the acidosis .
So you would have and the example we're talking about partial pressure , CO2 would be 49 , like we still talked about , and then you would have the bicarb also being high at like 30 . So if it's completely uncompensated , you see them go in the same direction and then the pH is normal .
So the pH will be in the range right . So this is where understanding the concept works . So if you started in respiratory acidosis and your pH is now normal , let's say it went from 7.30 , like we had before in our example now it might be 7.35 . So it's still leaning .
So at the end range of normal , but towards acid .
Yeah , so your whoever is acidic in your problem is still your problem child . And then when you see that base out of whack , that's your compensator .
Mm-hmm .
Does that make sense ?
Yeah .
But , if you so like , when we chatted about this before , we were talking about , like the ones out of whack , how do you know which one's causing the problem ? You have to look at that pH first .
So if it's like super close to that acid , like it's like one more way for being an acid , then you're okay . This is like definitely going to be acidosis going on , so you can look at that and be like acidosis . Then you can figure out which one was causing the problem .
So then , how do you figure out which one's causing the problem if you see it at the end range of normal ?
Because it's still close to the acid , so the way I write it on my paper is normal but near acidic . So then you look for who is acidic .
Which value is ?
acidic . Is it your CO2 ? Or your bicarb ? And then you've named it right and then you can find out who's compensating for the issue in the opposite direction .
And then if it's in the range , it would be fully compensated , and then if it's like getting close but not quite , it would be partially compensated If it was 734 , partially compensated , but both numbers are out of whack .
Does that make sense ? That makes sense .
See , I needed this before we practical . I'm going to give this to the next class of students . Just watch this before you go into your cardiopulmonary . Final 100% .
The thing is is all you have to do is look at the pH . If you look at the parameters first , you're going to be at a whack . You'll figure it out in the one you have in normal , but once you have two numbers out of line , then you're stuck If you don't think about the pH as the first part .
So always check your pH , determine if it's normal , acidotic or alkalotic and if it's leaning towards one side , note it . And then name your other two and just be super black and white about it . Say acid acid , normal acid acid base .
And the board's worse than black and white . It's the only thing that does , because the world's gray , the world is gray , everything is .
it depends , except for ABGs , which is why it's fun . So just write it out , be very black and white about it , and then there's no issue . So we can . We can run through an example . I have some examples pulled up . Let me get it . Oh yeah , that'll be great . Let me , let me get a good one up .
So let's , do you want to do a partially compensated or a fully compensated ? I think fully is maybe easier .
Let's start with an uncompensated and then go to a fully and then to a partially , just so then I can be like okay , so , ptas , this is how it's going to show up on the exam , and then so we'll do the same , uncompensated , that we did earlier , and we'll just run through it and then we'll we'll move on to a different one .
So , uncompensated , we have a pH that's 7.3 .
Yep , this will be how it shows up on the PTA exam . So if people had zoned out , come back in . This is how it's going to show up on the PTA exam . Okay , 7.3 .
7.3 is our pH . Partial pressure is , co2 is 49 and our bicarb is 23 . So we have three things to look at . First thing you do is look at your pH 7.3 . Is less than your range of 7.35 to 7.45 . So you're going to write the word acid CO2 is 49 . It is increased . It's outside your range of 45 . Acid Bicarb is 23 . It's within your range , it's normal .
So we're going to name it respiratory acidosis and it's uncompensated because bicarb hasn't moved to do anything to help . Okay , perfect , makes sense . Yeah , we'll give a different one . I think I have a fully compensated somewhere . Here we go . Okay , we have a pH of 7.41 , a partial pressure CO2 , 47 , a bicarb 29 . Okay , so our pH is 7.41 .
So if we're thinking about a range 7.35 to 7.45, . we have 7.41 , which is within the range , but what are you going to note ?
It's closer to basic .
It's closer to basic . So write normal Parenthesis , basic . That's what I did , so you know who you're now , who you're looking for , your problem child , right ? So CO2 is 47 . Normal range is 35 to 45 . Co2 is our acid parameter for lungs . It is high , which means we're going to write the word acid . Okay , it doesn't match your pH .
So let's check our bicarb . Bicarb is 29 . Normal bicarb is 22 to 26 . It's higher than 26 . We know bicarb is our base , which is a metabolic parameter , and it is high , so we're going to name it base . So now you look at it and you have your name . You have a metabolic alkalosis . Why do you have a metabolic alkalosis ?
Because your pH is showing normal but it's leaning basic and your metabolic parameter is high , which matches that pH . So metabolic is your problem child . Your kidneys were the original issue and your lungs are trying to compensate for the issue . So it's being more acid . It's hypoventilating to fix the pH problem .
I think that's also something the boards will ask about . Does somebody with you know and this would be uncompensated , just like straight respiratory acidosis what's going on with their breathing pattern ?
And like they might be , like they put , like you know , hyper hypo eupenia or like dyspnea , they'll throw something in there that's like okay , everyone's has trouble breathing , but like what's the real answer ? And so acidosis is associated with our hypo ventilation . Well , alkalosis is our hyper ventilation .
And the reason is is when you're breathing , you blow out CO2 . So if you're hyperventilating , you're you're blowing off more CO2 , which means that number is going to go down . When you're hypoventilating , you're retaining said CO2 . So that number is going to go up . On the other end of the spectrum , your kidneys it's all about what's excreting .
So you can say you're excreting more base or retaining more acid . So always have both of those verbiage side by side because you can be asked either way If that makes sense . Makes sense . Retaining acid , it's the same thing . It's just showing which is doing what the virus by carb going is going up or down .
It's going up , it's basic . Going down , exactly , it's acidic .
All right , let's do one more . And then I think we , I think we've hit it , I think I do . Do a partially compensated . So this is like the middle of the road deal . Okay , all right . So we have a pH of 7.53 , a partial pressure CO2 of 25 and a bicarb of 20 . Whoa , okay , so let's name it pH 7.4 , sorry , 7.53 . Our normal is 7.35 to 745 .
So this is high . When you have high pH , that means it's basic or alcoholic and this is outside of that norm . So it's true alkalosis . Your CO2 is 25 . Normal CO2 is 35 to 45 . So it's low . What does it mean when CO2 is low ? What are we going to name it ? We're going to name it basic . Our bicarb is 20 . Normal bicarb is 22 to 26 .
Bicarb is also low . Bicarb is normally known as a base , but if it's on the low end we call it acid . So then you line them up right . Who is matching the pH ? Who is causing the issue ? Who is your problem child ? Your problem child is CO2 , your lungs . So you have a respiratory alkalosis .
But because both parameters are outside of normal , you're partially compensated , because what it's telling you is bicarb is trying to fix it . Bicarb is trying to compensate , it just hasn't accomplished it yet .
So what I actually like in clinic is that when you see ABGs , you actually see the trend , so you watch the change happen over time , versus just having this random set of numbers .
But what you do need to realize is that you're going to see change as they're medically assisting the person and as the body is trying to correct or compensate , and it's usually associated with how much oxygen they're on what setting they're in . So just watch it change over time On the boards . You don't have that opportunity .
You just go one snapshot , which is what I mean .
You're like , oh man , what's going on ?
What's going on , Figure it out . So I think this is fun . It's just a puzzle . Always start with the pH , then find your problem child . You'll have your name and then you can decide whether you're uncompensated , partially compensated or fully compensated .
Wow , that was so much help . That was helpful . I think that my people will find it helpful . I'm sure your people will find it helpful as well . I think that this is amazing . Rachel can be found everywhere . If you type in all things Cardio Palm , she is there , her website and everything , all the things .
Instagram , the website . I'm officially on Twitter . That's new , oh man .
I don't even think I have Twitter .
I feel old . I'm like how do I work this thing ? I'm learning .
I have my own Twitter . That's the only thing I have . That's private , because I don't even know what I tweeted when I was in middle school . I don't trust myself .
I have no idea . I'm like , okay , we're learning this new platform .
I didn't tweet for two years and I posted that I just want to catch a pigeon and then I'm going to leave it . I'm not going to post for another two years . But no , pta Elevation stuff is on Instagram , youtube , got Facebook
¶ PTA elevation contact info
page . Pta Board Study Group oh what ? else do I have Tell me the name of your YouTube channel . It's just PTA elevation . Okay , so pretty consistent across the board , pretty consistent . Look for me , anywhere Podcast is PTA elevation . Some of you guys are listening to it on right now and you're like , oh , hello Hi .
Like anyone who's heading for their PTA and PTE , look for PTA elevation from Brianna Drepp . She's got tons of content for you . Lots of lives on the daily . Always be on the lookout . All right , it's a good time . Got anything ?
else . I mean , I don't think so . I just think that follow you , for this helped me so much . I'm definitely going to share this with everybody . This is helpful . Thank you so much for your time .
First of all , thank you too , appreciate being here , and the big thing about the PTA versus PTE stuff is PTE is going to be more examination techniques , like you know chest wall expansion , you know determining like what's appropriate for the patient , and then PTA stuff it's going to be interventions . What are we doing ?
Are we doing personal breathing , diaphragmatic breathing , segmental , what's going on ? So if you can understand that sort of difference and things don't get too overwhelmed , especially with PTAs , there's a lot of PTE stuff out there , not as much PTA .
If you're seeing a lot of evaluation and examination techniques and assessment stuff , that's going to be more PTE questions . But if it's like breathing techniques , pacing , exercise , you know , interventions , that is 100% your thing . So look at that for sure . And that's really the main difference that I've noticed so far . Just want to throw that in there .
Or wrapped it up . I think that's good . I think that's a good send off . All right , if you have any questions , reach out to All Things , cardiopone or PTA Elevation , and I hope you all have a wonderful day and whatever you have to do , you get after it . All right , I hope that was helpful for you . I know ABGs can be a sticking point .
A lot of people get overwhelmed with the concepts and learning and memorizing up and down . Stop memorizing , just understand the concept . And if you need more than what we provided here today , check out my website , wwwallthingscardiopomecom . I have a number of MPT prep courses ready for you , quick and dirty facts , especially ABGs .
So if you need more of a visual cue , if you want more examples , head to my website . Check out MPT prep course . There's a bundle where you can get all of the recordings for $200 . And if you just need some specific topics , pick the one that you want and get started . So I hope that was helpful for you and hope you have a wonderful day .
Whatever you have to do , I get after it , thank you .