Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class, a production of iHeartRadio.
Hello, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Tracy V.
Wilson and I'm Holly Frye.
In one of our recent installments of Unearthed, we talked about a painting that was bought at a thrift store that turned out to be the work of William Henry Dorsey, who was a free black man born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, prior to the Civil War, and in addition to being an artist, he was a collector and a scrapbooker. And I said I would put him on the list for an episode because I found him very interesting. From that
brief description, he is interesting. Indeed, his story is also connected to that of his father, Thomas J. Dorsey, so this episode kind of turned into a little bit of a duology focusing on both of themb father and son.
Thomas J. Dorsey was born sometime around eighteen twelve, and most sources agree that he was born in Maryland and that he was enslaved from birth. One of the articles that Tracy used his research said that he had been born in the Deep South and then escaped and then was re enslaved in Maryland. But it isn't clear at all where that information came from or why it is so different from all of the other sources. Thomas had
three brothers, Charles, William, and Basil. They were enslaved by a man named Sabric Sahlers, and in some accounts Sawlars may have been the father of at least some of them.
Sabric Sahlers died in eighteen thirty four, when Thomas was about twenty two, and it seems like Thomas and his brothers believed that they were going to be freed upon Salers's death, but instead, some of the people that Slars had enslaved were sold during the settling of the estate, with some of those being bought by his son, who was also named Thomas. There's people who were sold included
the Dorsey brothers. About two years later, in eighteen thirty six, the four brothers liberated themselves and went to Philadelphia, one of the US cities that was becoming a frequent destination for people who were escaping from there enslavers. Pennsylvania was a free state, and Philadelphia had a reputation for being welcoming relatively speaking, so the city's black population was growing rapidly, but that relative level of welcome was in a lot
of ways just not welcoming at all. Philadelphia and Pennsylvania more broadly, could be actively hostile toward its black residents. A lot of the city was racially segregated, and black workers were excluded from most industries. That meant that for the most part, the only jobs available to them were
in manual labor and domestic work. In eighteen thirty seven, not long after the Dorsey Brothers arrived, a Pennsylvania judge also ruled that black people living in the state did not have suffrage rights, and then the following year, Pennsylvania voters ratified a new constitution that gave only white freeman the right to vote.
Black people in and around Philadelphia also faced ongoing racially motivated violence, often instigated by Irish immigrants who were also arriving in Philadelphia in large numbers and competing for the same low weight jobs. There were deadly attacks on black people and their neighborhoods, and the same year that the new constitution was ratified, an anti abolitionist mob burned down Pennsylvania Hall, which had been built as a venue for anti slavery speakers.
So Philadelphia's reputation for being welcoming to black people was largely the work of black people themselves, while there were white abolitionists and other white activists and sympathetic legislators and government figures. In the pre Civil War years, Philadelphia's growing black neighborhoods became home to their own churches, mutual aid societies, and fraternal organizations that were really focused on helping and looking out for one another. Black residents also established their
own schools and literary societies and art societies. Because black people were given such limited opportunities for work in Philadelphia, poverty and violence were still serious problems in these neighborhoods, but there was also a deep culture of outreach and support.
One of the people in Philadelphia who was known for providing assistance and resources to people escaping from slavery was Robert Purvis. He was an abolitionist who was born to a free black woman and a British immigrant, and words spread among escaping people and their contacts that he was
someone who could help. After the Dorsey brothers arrived in Philadelphia, Purvis helped them get settled, including giving Basil a job on his farm in Bible, which is considered a neighborhood of Philadelphia today.
But not long after the Dorseys arrived, their brother in law came to visit from Maryland. It is not completely clear whether this brother in law was free or enslaved when this happened, but regardless, when he went back to Maryland, he told Thomas Sellers where they were, and Sellers sent
slave catchers after them. Under the US Constitution, an under federal law, escaping to a free state did not confer freedom on an enslaved person, so people could be caught and returned to their enslavers or enslaved elsewhere at any time.
Charles and William Dorsey were sent to New Jersey to try to keep them safe. Thomas Dorsey was captured, but Purvis and some of the other friends he'd made raised one thousand dollars to purchase his freedom. Basil was captured as well, and this turned into a lengthy saga for him. First, he was jailed, and Purvis hired a well respected lawyer
to represent him. When they went to court, Sehlers agreed on a price for Basil Dorsey's freedom, but then he kept raising that agreed upon price infuriating Basil and leading him to say he would cut his own throat in the courthouse rather than return to slavery. Basil was ultimately freed on a technicality when the prosecutor wasn't able to
prove that he was actually enslaved under Maryland law. Once he was released, the Dorsey brothers friends rallied around him to protect him as he moved farther north, and eventually his wife and children also joined him from Maryland.
After this whole experience, Robert Purvis helped found the Vigilant Association of Philadelphia, which was an aid and protection society for people who were escaping from bondage. Other people who were active in the Vigilant Association included James Forton, who
we covered on the show in twenty twenty, and Thomas Dorsey. Today, Purvis is known for his work as an abolitionist, as well as his work with the Vigilant Association and the Underground Railroad, and it's believed that he helped thousands of people liberate themselves from enslavement. Although his brothers had moved on,
Thomas Dorsey remained in Philadelphia after this. According to Web du Bois's book, the Philadelphia Negro a social study in eighteen thirty seven, there were about ten thousand, five hundred black people in Philadelphia, and only about three hundred and fifty of them worked in trades. Even fewer black people were in what we would think of as white collar jobs, and many of those were the first black person in that field in Philadelphia, and they worked almost exclusively within
black communities. As we said earlier, almost everyone else was doing manual labor or domestic work. The only other occupations that were generally more open to black workers were barbering and hairdressing and shoemaking. Initially and for the next several years, Thomas Dorsey worked as a shoemaker. He also got married to Louise Tobias, and their son, William Henry Dorsey, was born on October twenty third, eighteen thirty seven. Of course, we'll be talking about him more in a bit. They
eventually had two daughters as well. They were named Sarah and Mary Louise. In the early eighteen forties, Thomas Dorsey changed fields and he started working as a waiter. Service occupations were another field that was becoming more open to black workers, in part because white visitors from the South expected black people to be in those roles, and by about eighteen sixty he had started his own business. And
we'll get into that after a sponsor break. When Jade Dorsey started his own business sometime around eighteen sixty, it was as a caterer. Preparing and serving food was of course, something that was already associated with black workers, both free and enslaved, throughout much of the United States. Catering as an industry was also a new development in the US, and one that was overwhelmingly the work of black people who had carved out their own niche in food service.
When we say it was a new development, there have obviously been workers preparing and serving food for big gatherings and other functions throughout history. There were servants, enslaved people, proprietors of inns and public houses, and others doing something like catering all around the world for thousands of years, and the word catering goes back to at least the
sixteenth century. But in terms of catering as its own industry, the way we think of it today that that scene as starting in Philadelphia in the nineteenth century, before the word caterer came into use. In this context, specifically meaning these kinds of professionals. They were sometimes called public butlers in the words of W. E. B. Du Bois quote as the butler or waiter in a private family arranged
the meals and attended the family on ordinary occasions. So the public waiter came to serve different families in the same capacity at larger and more elaborate functions. He was the butler of the smart set, and his taste of hand and eye and palette set the fashion of the day. This functionary filled a unique place in a time when social circles were very exclusive and the millionaire and the French cook had not yet arrived.
Little is known about Philadelphia's earliest black caterers. One of the first, if not the first, was Caesar Cranschall, who were with two assistants to serve Sir William Howe and his army during the Revolutionary War. It's possible that Cranchall catered the elaborate farewell party known as the Mischianza, which was thrown in How's honor on May eighteenth, seventeen seventy eight, after he had resigned from his post and was returning home.
Philadelphia's first caterer whose work was more really well documented was Robert Boegel, who was born in the mid seventeen seventies and was enslaved from birth. Pennsylvania's Gradual Abolition Act was passed while he was still a child, and as an adult he became a cook. From there he built a business providing and serving the food and drink for occasions like christenings, weddings, funerals, and other functions. He was
also an undertaker, and he sometimes combined these services. So he would prepare the body of the deceased and conduct the funeral service and then feed the assembled mourners afterward. Or he might conduct one person's funeral in the daytime and cater someone else's wedding or party that night. He is sometimes called the father of catering. In the decades after Bogel established his business, black chefs and restaurateurs really
cornered the market on catering in Philadelphia. W. E. B. Du Boys described it this way quote it was at this time that there arose to prominence in power as remarkable a trade guild as ever ruled in a medieval city. It took complete leadership of the bewildered group of Negroes and led them steadily on to a degree of affluence, culture, and respect such as had probably never been surpassed in
the history of the Negro in America. This was the Guild of the Caterers, and its masters include names which have been household words in the city for fifty years. Bogel, Augustine Prosser, Dorsey, Jones, and Minton. Du Bois went on to describe what an impact this industry had on Philadelfia's
Black community and the opportunities that were available to them. Quote, the whole catering business, arising from an evolution shrewdly, persistently and tastefully directed, transformed the Negro cook and waiter into the public caterer and restaurateur, and raised a crowd of underpaid menials to become a set of self reliant, original businessmen who amassed fortunes for themselves and one general respect
for their people. Dorsey in particular, really stood out, becoming one of the most sought after caterers in the city in a business that he ran from his home at twelve thirty one Locust Street. Dubois described him as quote the most unique character with little education but great refinement of manner, he became a man of real weight in the community. In eighteen sixty seven, the Evening Telegraph called
Dorsey the Prince of Caterers. A later newspaper article about his son William, described Thomas as being part of a triumvirate of caterers, the other two being Henry Jones and Henry Minton. That quote might have been said to rule
the social world of Philadelphia through its stomach. This article went on to say, quote time was when lobster, salad, chicken croquettes, deviled crab, and terrapin composed the edible display at every big Philadelphia gathering, and none of these dishes were thought to be perfectly prepared unless they came from the hand of one of the three men named in du Boyce's view. Of those three men, Dorsey was at the top. While building a business as a caterer, Dorsey
continued to work as an abolitionist and an activist. He was friends with people like William Lloyd Garrison, Charles Sumner, and Frederick Douglas. Douglas's daughter Rosetta, lived with the Dorseys while she was in Philadelphia. Dorsey was also one of the founders of the Pennsylvania Anti Slavery Society, along with Robert Purvis and Stephen Smith. He was one of the people who worked with John Brown as he planned his raid on Harper's Ferry, including hosting some of Brown's meetings
at his home. We did an episode on John Brown's raid that ran as a Saturday Classic on May ninth, twenty twenty.
After Abraham Lincoln was elected president around the start of the US Civil War, Dorsey reportedly refused to cater a party that was being held by and four Democrats, saying, quote, no, sir, I cannot serve a party that is disloyal to the government. He then pointed to a picture of Lincoln on the wall and said, quote, and that's the government. Dorsey also helped recruit soldiers to fight for the United States during the war, and his wife Louise, helped raise money and
gather supplies for the war effort. After the Civil War, Dorsey teamed up with Stephen Smith and John Page to buy a hotel on Cape May in New Jersey called Banneker House, named after Benjamin Banneker. Our episode on Benjamin Banneker came out on June tenth, twenty thirteen, when The Evening Telegraph reported on the hotel purchase, it also said, quote with Dorsey at the head, it cannot fail to become a popular resort. This was one of the only
summer resorts for black guests. Dorsey's career as a caterer made him one of the wealthiest and most prominent black men in Philadelphia and probably in the United States overall, but he still faced prejudice and bigotry because of his race. In eighteen sixty five, he and his wife accompanied Frederick Douglass to Lincoln's second presidential inauguration, and Louise was Douglas's
guest at the inaugural ball. In Life and Times of Frederick Douglas, he describes all his other friends as having found some excuse not to go with him because they were not willing to risk the indignity of being turned away, and police did try to turn them away. Douglas wound up basically dodging past them, and when he got to the President, Lincoln invited both of them into the East
room of the White House. There was a similar incident in eighteen seventy one, when Dorsey tried to buy a ticket to a ball that was being held in honor of Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovitch of Russia. When Dorsey was
refused because of his race. He wrote to the Grand Duke about it, saying, in part, quote denied access to your presence, I venture to thus pay you my respects, and I will add that, though a grand Duke, I regard you as a much better Republican than those Americans who have, in my person insulted a man on account of the accident of his complexion. The act would not be tolerated in Russia, and I believe you despise it, as does Thomas J. Dorsey, Philadelphia, December eighteen seventy one.
Dorsey's wealth allowed him to indulge his love of collecting, reading books, artwork, and memorabilia. He made a museum in his home, showcasing the work of black writers, artists, and musicians, and preserving documents from black history in Philadelphia and elsewhere. He died on February seventeenth, eighteen seventy five. An obituary in the Philadelphia Press described him as someone who quote gave character to any entertainment, and presence was more essential
than the honored guests. His death notice in the Philadelphia Inquirer read quote. Mister Dorsey was extensively known in his business even outside this city, and was also famed for his hearty encouragement and aid he extended to the anti slavery clause. He leaves a widow and one son and a daughter. Some of his friends met in the wake of his death and drafted a set of resolutions that
they published in the Philadelphia Inquirer. Ending quote resolved that in a long and varied life, he has given us a practical lesson in the most cardinal principle of our religious faith, which commands that we love our neighbor as ourselves, and that his benevolent spirit, genial nature, and indomitable perseverance over life's barriers shall ever be handed down from time to time as aids to success.
Thomas Dorsey owned multiple properties at the time of his death, and he left those to his family. He also had enough money to establish trusts that supported his descendants through the next two generations. None of them decided to go into the catering business, and by the end of the
nineteenth century that business was also on the decline. Of course, there were still plenty of caterers, but with the rise of luxury hotels that had their own in house food service staff, there were just more options for hosting and arranging the food for big gatherings. Thomas Dorsey's wealth meant that his son William was able to pursue a fairly unique life in Philadelphia, and we're going to talk more
about that after we have a sponsor break. As we said earlier, William Henry Dorsey was born on October twenty third, eighteen thirty seven. We don't have a ton of detail about his early life, but as he was growing up, his family became increasingly affluent and prominent. We do know that he went to the Institute for Colored Youth, which was established by Quakers before the Civil War. When Dorsey attended, this institute was open to boys and men, and it
became co educational in eighteen sixty six. It later evolved into Chaney University, which still exists today. In eighteen fifty nine, when they were both twenty two years old, William married Virginia Cashman. According to the book William Dorsey's Philadelphia and All by Roger Lane, William traveled to Savannah, Georgia for the wedding and brought Virginia back with him.
This would have meant an incredibly dangerous journey, not just to a slave state, but into the Deep South and back. But there is also a marriage notice in a Philadelphia newspaper that suggests the marriage happened there, and it's known that at least some other members of Virginia's family had moved to Philadelphia in eighteen fifty six, including her mother and her brother Herschel. We don't really know how William and Virginia met, but it might have been through Herschel.
At the start of this marriage, the couple lived with several members of Virginia's family before eventually moving into a home of their own. Virginia was a dressmaker, and she and William went on to have six surviving children together. They remained married until eighteen ninety. The details are fuzzy, but she moved out at that point and started describing herself as a widow.
Dorsey was a self taught artist, mainly painting in watercolors and oils. He also became a civil servant, starting with being appointed as a personal messenger to Mayor William Stokely in eighteen seventy two. Dorsey was thirty five at that time. This was apparently his first steady job that paid regular wages. Stokely's successor, Samuel King, later appointed him turnkey at Central Station,
regardless of what else he was doing. Though Dorsey always listed himself as an artist in the city Directory, he seems to have persisted at this even though there wasn't a huge market for his work among patrons of any race, and he never showed his work outside of exhibitions for black artists.
As we said before the break, Dorsey's father, Thomas, established a trust for his descendants in the last years of his life, and after his death in eighteen seventy five, William inherited money and property. He was able to live pretty comfortable and really spend most of his time focusing on his art and his collections, building on collections that his father had left to him. Over the years that followed, Dorsey turned the top floor of his home at two
oh sixteen Street into a museum. In eighteen seventy four, his friend LPM Watkins visited and published a piece about the museum in Frederick Douglas's newspaper, The New National Era. Watkins wrote quote, to the lover of art, the admirer of rare curiosities, or the antiquarian, the collection of mister Dorsey would alike afford delight. He describes the museum as having collections of coins, minerals, weapons such as axes and
battle axes, and of course artwork from there. This piece went on to say, quote, the collection of books and pamphlets published by and concerning colored men and women, the music by colored composers, the number of steel and copper play engravings of eminent negroes, and photographs, autograph letters, autographs and facsimiles of men prominent in our race is very extensive, interesting, and valuable.
Dorsey's collection of books and manuscripts included the work of so many people that we have covered on the show before, including the works of Ignatius Sancho in two volumes, an edition of Phyllis Wheatley's poems, the Letters of Sojourner Truth, works by alexand Le Duma, Peer and Fice, and the autobiographies of Frederick Douglas. Dorsey also had portraits of prominent
black people, including Shakespearean actor and playwright Ira Aldridge. There were also paintings and sculptures by black and white artists alike, and a framed letter written from Senator Charles Sumner to Dorsey's father.
In eighteen ninety six, the reporter from the Philadelphia Times visited the museum and described it this way quote three rooms are divided and subdivided, filled with shelves and tables, until pendant from the very ceilings hang rare and beautiful objects, all with histories, carefully covered from the dust by glass cases.
Are the most precious, each properly labeled, each in its own separate compartment, and the order and condition of the whole collection is something not only to be marveled at, but is as model to anyone having similar tastes. It was, in the reporter's words, quote, probably the most remarkable little museum in the country. Every inch of the walls was covered with art, except the parts that were covered with shelves full of books. Quote with scrupulous neatness and systematically arranged.
So these books might be what Dorsey is best known for today. Those are his scrap books. In a profile on him in the Philadelphia Times, which was also published in eighteen ninety six, he said of this scrap book quote, it has been my continual aim as I have journeyed along to gather every fragment of published matter concerning the Colored Race. I have spared neither time nor money in prosecuting this hobby, you may call it if you wish, And the fruits of my labor are beginning to show naturally.
In all these years, I have been an enthusiast in garnering anything and everything that had to me an intrinsic value. But the most careful work and the best results I have here. Dorsey went on to say, quote, nothing of importance has escaped me, as I am a subscriber and reader of the more important books and magazines. While I seldom preserve any data in its original state, you will find it cut out and placed in its proper position.
I have not made any history. I have simply collated, and to anyone wishing to write an essay or a volume upon the history or progress of the Colored Race in the nineteenth century, I have here material that cannot be duplicated elsewhere. My portraits, books and letters are simply priceless, and nothing gives me more pleasure than to show and explain them to anyone feeling sufficient interest in them.
To visit me.
Dorsey created these scrap books by methodically clipping articles from newspapers, magazines,
and other publications. Many of these publications were black owned, but he also included works by white publishers, and sometimes he would juxtapose the coverage about the same subject from multiple perspectives, so that meant, as kind of a hypothetical example, the white press's coverage of an incident of racial violence, which often tended to be racist in its characterization of the black victims, could be placed adjacent to the coverage of that same incident that was written from a black
point of view.
He pasted his clippings into existing volumes, including printed books and wallpaper sample books. Each book book was devoted to a particular topic, with the material inside arranged approximately by date. Dorsey carefully wrote in the date each item was published, and sometimes other information as well.
With these scrapbooks, Dorsey was intentionally creating a record of black life and black achievement in Philadelphia and elsewhere. He also had clippings related to other subjects, including indigenous North American and Pacific Island cultures and histories. He created almost four hundred scrap books, totaling more than thirty thousand pages, and some of the publications that he clipped from are
incredibly rare or even nonexistent today. Also, as we alluded to in those quotes that we read, he tried to share this collection of knowledge with other people. For example, W. E. B. Du Bois used the scrapbooks as a major source for his book The Philadelphia Negro, which was published in eighteen ninety nine, which we read from earlier on in the episode Beyond That.
Dorsey also collected whole manuscripts, compiling nearly one thousand folders full of publications and correspondents from black people and people of other races who supported equal rights. He also conducted interviews with people who were more than one hundred years old about the momentous historical events that they had lived through, including the American Revolution and the Civil War. Dorsey was not the only person who was doing stuff like this.
He was part of a community of black collectors and chroniclers and self taught curators and activists who were documenting a part of history that the white academic establishment was mostly ignoring. In eighteen ninety seven, many of these folks came together and formed the American Negro Historical Society. Dorsey was one of the founders and was also named its custodian. Little is known about the last decades of William Henry Dorsey's life. His last scrap book entry was in nineteen
oh seven. He died about fifteen years after that, on January ninth, nineteen twenty three, at the age of eighty five.
The American Negro Historical Society dissolved in the years after his death. Most of its other prominent members had already died, and the society had become largely inactive in the early twentieth century. Its holdings were donated to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania in nineteen thirty four.
Most of Dorsey's collections seem to have been scattered and lost in the years after his death, with the exception of his scrap books. These eventually became part of the collections at Cheney University, which, as we said earlier, had evolved from his alma mater. Exactly how they got into the Cheney University collection is not completely clear. There's one story about a janitor rescuing them from the trash ahead of a major restore reation project in the campus building,
where they were being stored. It's very possible that's apocryphal or embellished. There are also some materials in the collection of Moreland's Spingarn Research Center at Howard University, donated by Ruth L. Ramsey, widow of James Ramsey, great great grandson of Thomas Dorsey. Today, while these scrap books are part of the Cheney University Archives and Special Collections, they are housed at Penn State. More than half of them have
been transferred onto microfilm. Apparently the funding for that project ran out before it was complete. According to a twenty twenty one article in the Atlantic, this collection is kind of in limbo.
Obviously, a collection of three hundred and eighty eight scrap books takes up a lot of space, and while they were being kept in acid free containers at Cheney University, there really wasn't a lot of room or good climate control to help preserve them there. Transfer to Penn State was initially meant to be for one hundred and fifty days for an archiving project, but that one hundred and fifty days is long past. At Penn State, the scribe
books are protected from heat and cold and moisture. They're still in acid free boxes, but it's not clear when or whether there will be funding to digitize the remaining volumes, or whether they will return to Cheney University.
Do you also have listener mail for us today? I do.
I have listener mail that is from Tara uh and I'm not gonna read one hundred percent of it, but I'm gonna read a big chunk of it. Tara wrote, high ladies, I've waited a long time to send this email, procrastinating for quite literally years. I initially was going to write when your episode about the Six Triple Eight came out in twenty nineteen, I put it off, and then actually met you both at the Denver Show later that year. Most recently, when you released an episode on ac uctuaries,
I almost ran to the computer to email you. That is what my first degree is in. Thank you, Georgia. State again that ADHD procrastination waylaid the best of intentions. In twenty nineteen, my father's friend shared an article on Facebook about a new monument that was dedicated to the six Triple Eight. Out of curiosity, my father read the article, which led him to the website for the monument. As
he read through the names on the monument. He was shocked to see his mother's name, although we had long known she served in the army during World War II. Her service photo is attached. We had no idea about this connection to history. She passed along stories of her ride in the boats and that one of the sailors, a captain, told them once they saw the White Cliffs
of Dover, they would know they were safe. My father is currently on a wait list to have his wish of a lifetime AARP's make a wish for seniors granted to go see the White Cliffs. She also talked about being out and about somewhere and children would come up to her and rub her skin to see if the color came off. Based on these stories, she was not offended, but rather amused. That is really the extent of what
has been relayed to me. This email goes on to talk about the bill that was passed for the six Triple eight to be awarded the Congressional Gold Medal, and I think an upcoming ceremony related to that. And then Tara in twenty nineteen worked with an artist to commission a figurine of this grandmother, and there's a pictures, there's a lot of pictures attached to this email.
So we've got.
Pictures of Tara's grandmother, a really lovely service picture, and then a painting that was based on that photograph, which is really lovely, and a figurine of Tara's grandmother in uniform saluting. I love really all of this. Also, there's another figuring as we move into the pet pictures of Tara's dog, Artemis, because we did get pet pictures to
go along with this. Also, what cute puppy dogs. So the dogs in the picture are Artemis, who is a white Corgi Chihuahwa doxy mix and likes to stand on her hind legs a lot, and the other is Tara's daughter's dog, Venus. Thank you so much Tara for this email. I love this story so much. I got choked up a little bit at this idea of just reading the list of names and realizing that you're related to somebody
on that list. Yeah. I think it is really lovely that you have tried so hard to honor your grandmother. I didn't get into detail about the parts about upcome ceremony because I'm not actually sure at this moment that it is, like I couldn't find public announcements about it, so I didn't want to get into detail about that without knowing if those announcements are public news at this point. It will be later after it's happened, I'm sure. So thank you so much again Tara for sharing the story
and all of these lovely pictures. If you would like to send us a note about this or any other podcast, where at history Podcasts at iHeartRadio dot com, and you can subscribe to our show on the iHeartRadio app and wherever I'll too late to get your podcasts. Stuff you missed in History Class is a production of iHeartRadio. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.