914. Trust science, not mysticism
Science, argues Cicero, makes reliable predictions of events based on the laws of nature. No such reliability is possible for mysticisms like divination.
Sep 28, 2021•3 min
Stoic Meditations
Occasional reflections on the wisdom of Ancient Greek and Roman philosophers with Prof. Massimo Pigliucci. Complete index by author and source at https://massimopigliucci.org/stoic-podcast/. (cover art by Marek Škrabák; original music by Ian Jolin-Rasmussen).
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Episodes
913. When the problem is real, you don't go to a soothsayer
Cicero says that nobody actually takes soothsayers seriously, because when we want to actually accomplish something, we go to an expert in that domain, like a doctor, and not a to a seer or a prophet.
Sep 27, 2021•3 min
912. The proper attitude of a Skeptic
Cicero is gearing up to respond to his brother's defense of the Stoic notion of divination. He will do so, however, while putting forth probable arguments, not declarations of certainty. As a good critical thinker ought to do.
Sep 24, 2021•3 min
911. Why write about philosophy
Cicero explains the main reason he writes philosophy: to be helpful to other people. But we also know he was helping himself to overcome the grief he felt at the death of his beloved daughter Tullia.
Sep 23, 2021•3 min
910. The Stoics and Laplace's demon
Quintus, Cicero's brother, makes one last - and pretty good - argument in favor of divination, an argument that anticipated a famous idea by the astronomer Pierre-Simon de Laplace.
Sep 22, 2021•3 min
909. The world is regulated by cause and effect
Nothing has happened which was not bound to happen, and, likewise, nothing is going to happen which will not find in nature every efficient cause of its happening.
Sep 01, 2021•3 min
908. Socrates' daimon
Quintus, Cicero's brother, mentions Socrates' famous daimon as evidence of divine influence. But it is more likely that Socrates himself simply meant the concept as a way to represent his conscience.
Aug 31, 2021•3 min
907. Two problems with Stoicism
Cicero makes reference to two problems, as we moderns may see them, with Stoic philosophy: the notion of an intelligence permeating the universe, and the idea that the body is a drag on the mind.
Aug 30, 2021•3 min
906. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence
Quintus, Cicero's brother, relies on other people's testimony to establish the reality of divination. But as his brother, David Hume, and Carl Sagan observed, that sort of evidence is insufficient to establish his extraordinary claim.
Aug 27, 2021•3 min
905. Epicurus was right after all!
Quintus, Cicero's brother, delivers yet another fallacious argument in defense of divination, one that implies that Epicurus got at least one thing right, despite how much Cicero obviously didn't like him or his philosophy.
Aug 26, 2021•3 min
904. The argument from celebrity
Quintus, Cicero's brother, puts forth yet another bad argument in favor of divination, one that unfortunately is still used by many today: if celebrity so-and-so says X, then X must be true...
Aug 25, 2021•3 min
903. One problem with Stoic epistemology
Cicero's brother, Quintus, uses a qualitative argument in defense of the notion of divination. The argument appears valid, but it is flawed because of the lack of quantification, which - to be fair - was invented only many centuries later.
Aug 24, 2021•3 min
902. The Venus throw
Cicero's brother, Quintus, invokes an analogy between a dice game and the structure of the universe to deploy what we today recognize as an argument from intelligent design. Which doesn't work.
Aug 23, 2021•3 min
901. Good and bad reasons to reject a claim
Cicero rejects the notion of divination on the grounds that there is no mechanism to explain it. He was wrong on the general epistemological principle, though right in the specific case.
Aug 20, 2021•3 min
900. Stoic disagreements
Cicero tells us that some Stoics disagreed with the majority opinion within the Stoa on the topic of divination. Indeed, there were multiple opinions on various subjects. Stoicism was never a rigid school of thought.
Aug 19, 2021•3 min
899. Shall we accept the opinion of the many?
Cicero's brother, Quintus, presents one Stoic argument in favor of divination: everyone knows it's true. This is an obvious logical fallacy. And yet, there are cases when it is justified to believe a majority opinion.
Aug 18, 2021•3 min
898. The best days of our lives
These days are my best, because my mind is at leisure to attend to its own affairs, and at one time amuses itself with lighter studies, at another eagerly presses its inquiries into its own nature and that of the universe.
Aug 17, 2021•3 min
897. The proper attitude toward grief
The best middle course between affection and hard common sense is both to feel regret and to restrain it.
Aug 16, 2021•3 min
896. Use virtuous reason as your shield
If you regard the end of your days not as a punishment, but as an ordinance of nature, no fear of anything else will dare to enter the breast which has cast out the fear of death.
Aug 13, 2021•3 min
895. On over-consumption
Why do you amass fortune after fortune? Are you unwilling to remember how small our bodies are? Is it not frenzy and the wildest insanity to wish for so much when you can contain so little?
Aug 12, 2021•2 min
894. On gourmet food
How unhappy are they whose appetite can only be aroused by costly food! And the costliness of food depends not upon its delightful flavor and sweetness of taste, but upon its rarity and the difficulty of procuring it.
Aug 05, 2021•3 min
893. Two precious things we always carry with us
Whithersoever we betake ourselves two most excellent things will accompany us, namely, a common Nature and our own special virtue.
Aug 04, 2021•3 min
892. Don't get cocky with Fortune
No one loses anything by the frowns of Fortune unless they have been deceived by her smiles. The one who has not been puffed up by success, does not collapse after failure.
Aug 03, 2021•2 min
891. Look out for Fortune's blows
Always stand as it were on guard, and mark the attacks and charges of Fortune long before she delivers them; she is only terrible to those whom she catches unawares.
Aug 02, 2021•2 min
890. Happiness regardless of circumstances
External circumstances have very little importance either for good or for evil: wise persons are neither elated by prosperity nor depressed by adversity.
Jul 30, 2021•3 min
889. What really makes us wiser
You have gained nothing by so many misfortunes, if you have not learned how to suffer.
Jul 29, 2021•3 min
888. On the last path to freedom
Cicero reminds us that - when life is truly unbearable and we can no longer act virtuously - we have one last escape route, the guarantor of our ultimate freedom: death itself.
Jul 28, 2021•3 min
887. What to do if you are deaf
We are all truly deaf with regard to those innumerable languages which we do not understand. Then, as I before referred the blind to the pleasures of hearing, so I may the deaf to the pleasures of sight.
Jul 27, 2021•3 min
886. Focus on what you can do, not on what you can't
The reply of Antipater the Cyrenaic to some women who bewailed his being blind, though it is a little too obscene, is not without its significance. “What do you mean?,” said he, “do you think the night can furnish no pleasure?”
Jul 26, 2021•3 min
885. On exile and cosmopolitanism
Cicero explains why being sent out of one's country is not a hardship worth worrying about, and tells us that Socrates regarded the whole world as his country.
Jul 23, 2021•3 min
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