Thinking Sideways: Amikafer

all of the legwork on this thing. They'll also notice if you had listened to what we're calling the last twenty six episodes before and you're re listening now, the music and sound effects are gone. Yes, we've we've gone back to straight audio, so be warned. We sound a little different today than we do in what you're about to listen to. Yeah, bye bye, Thinking Sideways. I don't think you never know what stories of things we simply don't know the answer too. Well. Hi there, and welcome

back to Thinking Sideways the podcast. I am Steve, and we, as always are going to get into a story that doesn't quite have an answer and try and figure it out because Joe loves to solve them. Oh yeah, we'll solve this one for sure. Okay, all right, good. Well, let's let's hop right into the story. I'm not gonna tell you what it is quite yet. I want to set the stage. So it's nineteen fifty and we're in Germany. I better stop talking then. Huh no, no, it's okay, okay,

uh and uh it's a nice sunny day. It's May. And wait do you hear that? Yeah? What was that? That is a US airplane flying over the field that we're standing in. Okay, okay, because we're in Germany in the nineteen fifties, which means that it is now an occupied territory. Pretty normal, pretty normal, which makes sense. Well, there's a problem though with this, and that is what happened supposedly within days of this particular plane, or any plane flying over this field, and that is the appearance

of the potato beetle. Not just any potato Beetlelorado, the Colorado potatoe. You are absolutely correct, sir. So here's what the story is, ladies and gentlemen. According to the accounts, and this is one specifically, it was the twenty third of May, and a farmer by the name of Max

Trevor had noticed American planes flying over his fields. He's in East Germany, and the next morning, according again to his account, he was shocked to discover that his fields of potatoes were full of potato beetles, not just any potato beetle, the Colorado potato beetle, which ladies and gentlemen, if you don't know anything about the beetle, and we'll get into some details on it, but it's pretty devastating for potato crops. So this is like the German Irish

potato famine essentially. Yes, if you actually try and put that in into the Irish potato famine always comes up, which makes this difficult unless you know what to look for. So here's what's going on is, after these planes go by and all these farmers are reporting that there's Colorado potato beetles all over their fields, the East German press goes nuts with it. The politicians are making speeches. They are accusing the US of having dropped all of these

potato beetles on their crops. And I'm guessing that this propaganda campaign that came from it is that they're saying, well, the Americans are trying to cut down our food supply and therefore take us over. Those imperialists yeah, I'm sure the people of East Germany were really really scared about the possibility that, you know, we spoot the Russians out. Uh. Well, like I said, there was a giant propaganda campaign that came up from this. Uh. There were posters, little leaflets,

bits on the radio speeches. As I said, they were going crazy talking about this sudden infestation and how it was the fault of the Americans. They actually nicknamed the Colorado potato beetle I'm a coffer, which I understand translated is Yankee beetle. Is that correct? Yes, yes, that's correct. So what happens is children are at the end of their school days not allowed to just go home. They actually have to go out to the fields and go through the crops and try and pick up as many

potato beetles as possible. That's the real tragedy from this, right, is we're losing homework time. Yeah, yeah, that's that's exactly what I was thrilled. It was the long game of Americans, right, we were trying to make the Germans stupid by like just taking out all of the homework time for you. Yeah, there are accounts that these children, some didn't really care

some believed it. Girls evidently were really squeamish about touching these beetles, and from the accounts, they would get twenty beetles in afternoon each and then put them into glass bottles and they'd be shipped off to be destroyed. I read one account. It was an interview with a boy who had been going out to the fields and he said, yeah, I don't really believe that the Americans are dropping these, but you know you have to pick them off anyway,

said so I got to do it. Yeah. I was like, you know, if you're living a country that doesn't have any pesticides to speak of, you know, and you've got to do something if you want to eat yea, yeah, yeah, kept having your crops destroyed. No, no, because you've gotta you gotta understand. The potato evidently was a main crop for the German people. That was a main food source, especially right after World War two. Exactly Again, you gotta remember what what the era is. There's you know, things

have been destroyed. Kind of hard time Twitter a lot of people are times you're trying to get back on your feet. You you grow whatever food you can, and potatoes grow and they are hearty. They are a hearty little thing and at them too. That one might be one reason why there was such a scarcity potatoes, because there's a quote here from somebody who recalls sharing a single potato between herself and her mom and dad for breakfast.

So it probably wasn't just a potato beetles. Probably was a Soviet carting away half the potato crop to make parka back. Yeah. Maybe. Well what comes out of this is that nearly half of the crops for in nineteen fifty were destroyed in East Germany by the Colorado potato beetle. Yeah. That that's a huge reduction in available food crops, which is not a good thing, especially if it's a staple. Yes, yeah,

it's it's the main it's one of those main staples. Uh. So, like I said, in the beginning, the Germans were blaming the US for dropping the beetles on them. The US, of course was saying, no, we didn't do it. It wasn't us. Uh. And we're going to get into the theories about what's going on, and you know, why is this invasive species suddenly there It actually had been in the year before. Yes, yeah, And we're gonna go there.

But I do want to talk about the beetle a little bit because, okay, we hear about the beetle, you don't really have a lot of context. So I just want to give some background on this particular little bug. So, the Colorado potato beetle is very prolific. A female can lay about eight hundred eggs in no, yes, insect birth things freak me out as a woman. Um, So, their

eggs are only about a millimeter, they're really small. They lay them in I guess bunches of twenty to thirty at a time on the bottom of leaves, so they're not easy to spot because if you've ever seen a potato leaf, they have lots. They're just covered in them. So you can imagine every one of those covered in eggs on the bottom. That's a lot of leaves to turn over. And basically what happens is they hatch and

those hatchlings immediately begin to eat the leaves. They do what's called skeletonizing, where they basically eat all of the leafy matter and you just get left with the veins of the leaf. That reminds me about every other shrub in my yard. And then eventually they go on to it.

Through their life cycle, they pupate, they turn into a larva, which goes underground out and then they come back up and they're an adult, at which point they're eating again, and they're eating the leaves again and laying eggs and

laying eggs. And the hard part about the larva is they will do what's called dia pause I believe it's how you pronounce it, which basically means if the conditions aren't right, they'll just stay essentially in hibernation in the ground and then wait till it's nice to come out again. That's the worst. So you're thinking it's a cold snap. Yeah, they're all gonna go away. No, they just come right back.

I feel like mosquitoes do that too. Yeah. But anyway, the Colorado potato petle can go through up to three generations in a season, So that is a lot of little bugs. Yeah. Well, I certainly think that if it's possible that we rounded them all up from over here and dump them over there just to get rid of them. Uh yeah, well that could be. Yeah. Well so that's I mean, that's that's the multiplication of those is just like it's amazing, it's astounding, especially if you don't have

anything that's really eating them. No natural predators in that area, no pesticides. It's the best you can do with school aged kids picking off the beetles. They can see, you know, you think of you know, you drop eight hundred right, and each you know, four hundred of those are females, and they each lay eight hundred eggs every what month? Essentially, I can't do that math in my head, but I mean, you know, easily millions really really soon. Yeah, And they're

very recognizable. They they're a very distinct little beetle. They they're I believe also referred to as the ten striped beetle because they have they're kind of yellowish orange and they have ten brown stripes across the Okay, actually, yeah, I know what you're talking about. Got a decent size about all. Excuse me, AI, Yeah, they've got a little bug at all. They've got some size to them. Um. And here's just here's a couple of facts that we

talked about. How many they can the eggs. The female will lay a single larva and again this is just hammering the point home on how much they can devour, will eat forty square centimeters of a leaf of leaf in a day's okay, that's a lot of area. Yeah, And the other hard part about the beetle is it is extremely resistant to insecticides, meaning that they're they're very

good at adapting. So for a couple of generations or a couple of years, you might wipe them out with one poison, but then they're gonna they're gonna adapt to it, and suddenly you gotta find something else. Do they only eat the one the potato plant, the one kind of potato plant. No, they will eat potatoes, cucumbers, there's something else that I can't think of at the moment. They do several crops, but their favorite is potato. So it's not like you could just rip out this one breed

of potato and plant a different kind. It's yeah, you think about it, it's not the potatoes are eating leaves, So yeah, it would be pretty hard to switch plants like that. Yeah, but I think I think they actually had some success with DDT, and then unfortunately a DDT resistance strand of the beetle turned up. Yeahs as it always does that way. Yeah, So let's go ahead and let's hop into some theories how the beetle got there

or what the deal is. So we will go ahead and take the bull by the horns and we will take on the popular theory, which is that the US did it. The potato beetle is known to have made its way into Germany in the past. I believe it was in the late eighteen hundreds. There was a outbreak, but it was contained. They were all destroyed. But the potato beetle was in England. They were known to be in parts of France, so it wasn't as if it

had never been on the European continent. But if we're gonna go ahead and say that the U s did it, here is some of the facts. We're saying the US intentionally did it. Yes, that that it was an intentionally essentially biological warfare is what we're looking at. But we're

gonna say this is an early biological warfare program. Uh So, some things that did come up is that in that region of the world, the potato beetle normally makes its first appearance mid July about that these fully grown adults were appearing in May, in mid to late May, so that's a full two months early. There also were no

signs of larva. So it was just suddenly we have a bunch of adults scrambling around, which if they were going to go through their life cycle, you would think there would have been signs of larva in the area. Don't the larva bury themselves? Well, the larva of first eat the plants and then dig down and heighten the soil to emerge as an adult. So theoretically there should have been some larga of the signs. Yeah, but there were none. Well about that when the larva emerged from

the soil that they changed into beetles. At this point, yes, they go through four stages. The larva, I believe is the second stage, so there's egg larva. There's a third stage where they don't eat pupa pupais, yes, and the pupa and then a pupage, and then there's the fourth stage, which is adulthood. There are some places though at that time, the potato beetles were showing up where they shouldn't have Well, don't they always show uphere they shouldn't be. Yeah, let's see.

So in sweek out the beetles were found in the square in front of the rail station, which doesn't have any potatoes. Well, maybe the Americans put them on a train, maybe at a near a damn in Sosa. They were discovered in bathtubs inside of houses. The you're kind of weird places for a beetle that normally would go after a plant to appear. Yeah, but it's also a weird place to get air dropped into. This is very train

air dropping into. Yeah, there's that. And also, you know, bugs are kind of stupid that way, you know, they just show up in the darkness places. I mean it's like, uh, you know, a lot of a lot of this stuff got introduced to Europe to just shipments of food from like America Center and then and then between European countries and stuff. So if if they're infesting a shipment of food that's being shipped by rail, it wouldn't be that unusual to see one in front of a rail station.

That's very plausible, absolutely, And that's the first thing I thought when I saw the rail station. But then at this damn, it seemed a little weird that they're crawling around on the firewood in the house and the tub. But then again, they might have been a swarm of them that just moved into the area. It's hard to tell a lot of comcrete facts. The railroad tracks might

run right past the house and the damn. I mean, here's here's another thing that came up, and I found this in one place, so I can't say how reliable this is. But there is information that says that a leaked report from an American investigative committee was discussing the bad tactics and insufficient preparation of the toll as an entire potato beetle campaign, and they were criticizing the fact that the spreading of the beatles over the German Democratic

Republic had not followed the distribution plan. Okay, this is supposedly an official leaked report from an American investigative committee. From what, I don't know. That's the hard part. I couldn't find it anywhere else. Everything I looked for when it didn't surface anywhere else, So I don't know how strong that claim is. Another bit in the Americans did

it theory intentionally? Did it? Is? There is information out there about a chemical which is referred to at the time as E eight three eight, which was a new pesticide which was being marketed to take care of the potato bile. So it makes sense according to this theory that what you do is, if you want to get the German people under your thumb, and you want to make them depend on this pesticide and have to purchase

it from you, go ahead and introduced the pest. Then they have no choice but to turn around and buy the product from you to protect their fields and the crops. I didn't mean, yeah, well, no, there there was giant campaigns of pesticides being put on the fields. I've watched some of the old propaganda films and they are driving up and down with tractors and guys using gas and helping into the ground and spraying it everywhere. What they're spraying I have no idea because it doesn't say obviously

it's a three minute propaganda movie. It probably made the potatoes really healthy too. Yeah, I guess that might have been the trick, right, You introduced the Beatles to kill off half the supply, and then you get the Germans to poison the rest. You're just done so so in other way said under the heading of the Americans done it. There's one the American government done it, and another one

is that Western capitalist companies did it. Yeah, Essentially, I'm lumping them all under the Americans, whether it's the American government or American companies or collaborations. I'm kind of just putting it all into that umbrella. You can kind of assume that, you know, at that point in time, a big enough American corporation could say, Hey, the US government, I have this idea, you're gonna that you're gonna want it.

Then it could just be like there at that point. Yeah, which is easily conceivable because it did happen, and there's all kinds of antitrust things that came out in the in that era, so very easily could have happened. But another thing about it is is if you really want to push your chemical, your chemical, and you really want to make some money, you probably want to do it to a bunch of farmers in the country that actually has some money. And East Germany really didn't have any money, No,

it really did. But the biggest hole in the whole idea that American warplanes dumped all these beetles is like these farmers that discovered all these beetles suddenly in their fields, wouldn't they have also found thousands of tiny little parachutes. Yeah, because after all, you can't just dumped the beat. They'll say, well the plot up to their desks. You are amazing, You're absolutely amazing. That's that's the best mental image I've had all day. Okay, we're are you here? On that note,

which is that the Germans did it to themselves? Yeah, and and this is the most obvious thing because they're the communist countries. I mean, you don't really need to do any work to get them to have like crop failures and famines. They just kind of do it to themselves. I guess that. I yeah, it makes sense to me. Well here's here's there's there's actually some documentation on why this could very well be. And I kind of I

kind of fall in the same campus, Joe. I kind of think that part of the problem was that they did it themselves. But yeah, I think you know, you you are in a place where you know your people kind of hate a place like the United States, but don't totally hate them yet. So maybe you self sabotage a little bit and say, look at what these horrible Americans are doing to us, or more likely and more likely, the sabotage them selves to share incompetence. Let's holl back

the clock. Though, let's roll back the clock ten years. This theory, we have to step back in time even farther, so we're gonna go to nineteen forty. Germany has invaded France, so they taken over. They're investigating anything that they think is important in terms of industry, capital, you name it. Research. They want to find out what it is so that they have an idea of what all their allies are up to. Well, the German military was investigating the le

Bouche research facilities. During that investigation, going through all their paperwork, they found paperwork that was linking intentions of the French and the English to go in together and basically dump potato beetles on Germany to slow down their war effort. If you think about it, you've got a giant war machine, you need tons of tons of food. That's not a bad it's not a bad idea, no, no, So obviously the Germans freak out a little bit. They're they're not

happy about this because this is a problem. So they need to make sure we okay what's going to happen here. As they keep going through the records and they invade more and more France. They keep finding more stuff from this same research facility because they had taken the records elsewhere for safekeeping. Absolutely correct um, and those records gave the Germans a pretty clear picture of how a plan

to drop the beetle on them could take place. Incomes Professor h. Clue, who was a bit of an esteemed researcher, and he somehow managed to get himself in with the military and get himself in charge of a secret program to look into potato beetles. That seems like a thing that wasn't so hard at the time. I imagine it wasn't. Like I said. We've got the professor here, and he and other people obviously in charge are monitoring reports of

their secret agents. So we've got secret agents involved. And one of their secret agents, who happened to be in England sends back a report. Uh, and it's dated April thirtieth, nineteen forty two, and it says that the English have received from the Americans a cargo of fifteen thousand potato beatles plus an unknown number of Texas ticks. Surprisingly, the

Texas ticks just disappear. Nobody hears from them again. But this puts them in a full fledged panic and they start work because they've got to get up to speed. And in nineteen forty two they the Germans established the Potato Beetle Defense Service to that in German, Joe, are you able to say that whatever copper out there, the deans to Littleffvertines, I think his house pronounced okay, And they also went ahead and they set up the Potato

Beetle Research Institute. Can you give this in the taffer for schoons used to yeah, part of my cheesy accent. Yeah, you know, I think you know, just there's a little side here. It's it's uh. It's actually pretty well known that the British h Intel, British smifi've actually controlled just about all of Germany's agents, if not a percent of

them in World War Two. You guys, what they would do is they would instead of compartmentalizing between agents, they sent an agent over there and they say, hey, get in touch with get in touch with agents so and so, you know Frau or whatever the guy's name isn't or France, and get in touch with France and uh, and he'll

help you. He'll help you get set up and everything like that, and you know, he'll give you some handy, handy tips on how to get along in England and everything, so you can touch with Fronts, and Fronts had already been caught and turned by the Brits and so and so they kept rounding up agents like this, and they essentially control the entire German intelligence network inside of England. So it's very possible that this report was a complete

total this information. Yes, yes, yeah, I was gonna say. So what we're saying here is that the English were like, all right, what's the most outrageous thing we can try

and convince the Germans of? Right now? Well, you know, I mean one of the things you do is, you know, you try to get them to waste resources at all possible to get them there, like, you know, instead of it's going to worry about stuff that you're not even remotely pursuing, you know, and so that they won't depend themselves against the stuff that you actually are pursuing, and just get them to waste their time and to waste resources.

Is perfect example of that, because here's what happened. So the Potato Beetle Research Institute and Defense Service, both of them, got together and in October nineteen they took forty those and live potato beetles and they via a plane released them over a field in spires that I say that spire. The beatles were painted so that they were easier to see, so that the troops in the field could find them. Unfortunately,

they camouflage. They managed to recover one hundred beatles. They did it again with fourteen thousand beetles this time, and they only got fifty seven of them back. They then went, okay, well maybe we should stop using the real thing, and they started using fake wooden beetles, and they didn't do any better. They were covering the same number of them

in the field, just inanimate painted beetles. They couldn't find the little wooden pieces that they just dropped that were painted, and they could only find fifty some odd out of food shot back, kind of shot themselves in the foot there. Yeah, I know, you know, actually the little wouldn't beatles. It might be that the living beatles tried to mate with them, and so and so we might have actually interrupted the breeding side. Yeah, you might know, you don't so that

that's what the Germans did. Why would they Why did they release these beetles exactly what's the point They were planning on turning the tides and using them against the British. Their idea was, well, we'll go ahead and if you want to do it to us, we're going to do it to you, and we'll just spread them all over England,

which obviously they couldn't gauge how well it worked. But they still reported in nine or excuse me, in forty four to the High Command that they were ready to put out any an operation of a massive potato beetle infestation and all they needed was to have the word and they would drop them. Obviously they were because even they couldn't find them. Obviously they knew that like the English people weren't going to be find their beat Yeah. The problem they have with getting them in there, it's like,

how are they going to get them over there? They would have to like blitz Creek for a couple of hours. They could survived. It's pretty good at shooting the bombers, I mean most of their I mean, so that may be possible. So they shoot down a bomber and the bomber crashes and the right yes, okay, well that that is the end of the Germans did it themselves. We've got so you're saying, is that these ones that they

released because this happened. Well to me, it seems like, okay, well, if you've received released, we're in these two accounts fifty five basically fifty thousand beetles onto your own soil. Chances are they're going to get a foothold and they're gonna start spreading. And if it's during the war, it may not be noticed. And right after the war, people really aren't reporting what's going on. So if a crop fails,

it fails. I guess the other question is is that, um, you said that they do that like a little hibernation thing if the weather isn't right or whatever. So I guess the other question is what what kind of weather was happening then, because if they dropped all those beetles right,

people would have noticed those beetles. And then if they had all the larva, and the larva were in their little like pause period because the conditions weren't good for you know, I don't know how long they can survive, but you know, if they could survive for you know, eight years or whatever, which I don't I don't know that they survived that long, but I imagine there would be enough of them around that it's still foody. They would just go through their regular life cycle, just like always.

So to say, But let's move on to theory number three, which is a very simple one. The Germans didn't have enough pesticides and they weren't using them. It's a very very simple theory that post war, you're broke, you have no money, nobody's giving you much aid in terms of ad cultural supplies. So you do what you can and that's all you can do. And if you aren't spreading insecticides on your fields on a regular basis to keep down just all manner of pest, go figure Suddenly they

just bounce right back and take over. Yeah, yeah, you know, I want to think about it. I mean that something like a factory that that would produce the sexicides would be a pretty popular wartime target for Yeah, and so if they had any pesticide factories at all, that it was probably pretty inadequate supply. Well, and that's exactly it. So it makes sense that they could have just already been there and normally we're controlled with whatever pesticides were used.

But let's move on to our our last theory here, which is just another case. So they accidentally got spread there by people, because we do this all the time, these things everywhere. Like I said before, the bell had made it to German soil in the late eighteen eighties and it had been controlled. According to again a couple of different sites, there are reports that at a US military base in Bordeaux, the Colorado potato beetle began to

infect the area. I'm guessing because as you said earlier, Joe, they came in on food stuffs and then just got loose and got a foothold, and according to these reports, they then spread. Uh. During World War Two they went to Belgium, the Netherlands, and Spain, which all kind of a right near Germany. So it makes sense that they're naturally would have just progressed into that country because they don't really care where the border is. All they care

about is where the food is. I was gonna ask if there's any kind of record of big wind storms or anything like that happened around this time. If the you know, the Beatles were just trying to fly to another field or something and got blown by a big gust of wind, kind of like the Wizard of Oz. Yeah, like we're not in Kansas anymore, We're in Spain anymore. He sucks. I don't know if you know, because they do. I assume they fly. They can fly, so I don't

know how they travel from one field to another. I would assume they fly, they would fly. And if they don't know how far they travel or anything like that. But you know, that could help explain why the people weren't seeing signs of larva or eggs or anything like that, just full form beetles. I think we've talked about another stories in the past about there's a giant windstorm and everything up and carts at fifty or a hundred miles and then just drops it all. Well, the other thing

is that you know that's recalled the Germans. Thousands of these things onto a field and we're able to find any of them, which means these things could be like spreading all throughout your your fields and your whole region, and until that it reached a certain you would not even notice. And so they apparably these little guys are hard to see. You have been painted. Yeah, so that I mean, that's exactly right. So it's it's one of those stories that there's all kinds of ways. I personally

think that there's no one theory that's right. I don't think that the U S didn't intentionally, yeah, I don't think the Germans did it all on their own. I think that it's everybody involved in this story is probably a little guilty. Yeah, but we don't know exactly what cost it. Yeah. I mean, if you're gonna look for like historical precedent, usually you know, governments that are incompetence, you know, and they have things like you know, crop

failures in famine, they want to blame somebody else. Of course, these Germans want to stay yeah. Yeah, So so that's kind of my thing. And yeah, and I think you were you were saying before when we were talking about this previously before we started recording, is that Berlin is is in East Germany, right, So there's going to be airplanes that are from the US the time, all the time. So it's not as if this was an uncommon thing

to have US planes going overhead. I mean, I'm sure that American and British and French planes were flying from all points of the compass, or at least from the west, because West Germany kind of in semi encircles East Germany, or did it's not not anymore. And then with Berlin right here in the smack in the middle, so you could have planes approaching from the southwest and northwest the west and didn't go up for another ten years. Other could be planes that were coming from the other direction

to before it became a no fly zone. Yeah, and so, uh and so. And I don't really see the motive right right, to be honest with you, for us to do that, because especially especially given that this is post war, it wasn't definitively established that that Germany was going to be sort of semi permanently divided this point in time.

It was still a state of tension between the Soviets and the Allies and forces, and it's still it still hadn't really crystallized into the forum that I finally took with the building of the Wall ten years later, and and then many many more years of oppression in Germany and all that that, and but it wasn't set in stone.

As of nineteen fifty and plus, Europe was still recovering from the war, and so the idea of deliberately and there was already been a lot of food shortages and famines in Europe because of the war, and so the idea that we would want to go out there and just you know, make things worse, well it doesn't make it less. Kind of we're kind of trying to like,

you know, get the continent to recover, you know. So that's one of yet another reason why I think it was probably just it happened, and these Germans just didn't want to shoulder any of the blame themselves, so funny to figure at the ax. Indeed, well, that having been said, that's the end of our theories, ladies and gentlemen. As always, we're gonna go ahead and put up some of the links to this story on our website, so if you want to check them out, you're more than welcome to

That website is Thinking Sideways podcast dot com. We're always looking to hear from our listeners, So if you've got some thoughts on the story that you want to share, or you disagree with something that we said, let us know if you are, if you are a East German potato beetle, we want to hear from it. Yes, indeed, you can always go ahead and send us an email. That email address is Thinking Sideways podcast at gmail dot com.

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