Root Causes: A PKI and Security Podcast - podcast cover

Root Causes: A PKI and Security Podcast

Tim Callan and Jason Sorokosoundcloud.com
Digital certificate industry veterans Tim Callan and Jason Soroko explore the issues surrounding digital identity, PKI, and cryptographic connections in today's dynamic and evolving computing world. Best practices in digital certificates are continually under pressure from technology trends, new laws and regulations, cryptographic advances, and the evolution of our computing architectures to be more virtual, agile, ubiquitous, and cloud-based. Jason and Tim (and the occasional guest subject matter expert) will help you stay current on developments in this essential technology platform and to understand the whys and wherefores of popular Public Key Infrastructures.
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Episodes

Root Causes 239: Post-quantum Cryptography Candidate SIKE Defeated

NIST's round four post-quantum crypto candidate SIKE (Supersingular Isogeny Key Encapsulation) has been defeated and is now out of consideration. In this episode we explain isogeny cryptography, why NIST is seeking additional candidates, and why failures of this kind are expected and healthy for PQC.

Aug 28, 202218 min

Root Causes 238: Tim's Big Phishing Adventure

In a personally unprecedented occurrence, Tim's identity as a Sectigo executive is being used in a "waterholing" phishing scam intended to raid job seekers' bank accounts. We describe what is going on, how we found out, and the challenges in combatting such an attack.

Aug 15, 202217 min

Root Causes 237: Why Mozilla Is So Important to CAs

Mozilla is a highly important to the world of public certificates, with influence beyond what the Firefox browser market share would suggest. In this episode we examine the historical reasons for this influence and the mechanisms that maintain that influence today.

Aug 10, 202212 min

Root Causes 236: Active Directory Patch Knocks Out Non-MS Identity Consumers

A recently revealed vulnerability in Active Directory made it possible for an attacker to escalate privileges inappropriately. Microsoft's responded with a patch in May 2022, which unfortunately has forced a difficult workaround for many common software components beyond Active Directory that will otherwise be incapable of working with AD identities. In this episode we explain what his happening, how it came about, and the broader lessons for PKI owners.

Aug 04, 202213 min

Root Causes 235: What Is Lattice-based Cryptography?

The recent winners of the NIST post-quantum cryptography contest are strongly focused on lattice-based encryption. In this episode we explain at a high level what this cryptographic approach entails and why lattice-based algorithms fared so well in the NIST search.

Jul 26, 202226 min

Root Causes 234: Report from the 2022 RSA Conference

The RSA Security Conference is back. In this episode we talk about what happened in 2020 and how the first post-COVID RSAC compared to earlier years, along with some of the major themes this year.

Jul 22, 202210 min

Root Causes 233: CISA Recommendations for Post-Quantum Crypto

In coordination with NIST's announcement of its new post-quantum cryptographic algorithm contest winners, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency released a bulletin listing six key actions for IT to commence now. We read out these six actions and put them in context.

Jul 12, 202225 min

Root Causes 232: NIST Announces Post Quantum Crypto Selections

NIST has announced its winning algorithms for round 3 of its post-quantum cryptography "contest." Join us as we name the winning algorithms and why they were chosen. We discuss the continuing effort to arrive at additional algorithms, and we talk about the next steps coming out of this announcement.

Jul 08, 202219 min

Root Causes 231: What Is FIDO?

Recent announcements about consumer passwordless authentication build on standards like FIDO and WebAuthn. In this episode we explain device-centric authentication, the FIDO Alliance, and how it all works.

Jul 06, 202224 min

Root Causes 230: What Is Apple Passkey?

Apple recently announced its Passkey functionality, which will allow passwordless authentication between Apple devices and supporting web services through key exchange. In this episode we discuss how this works, the user experience, the significance of FIDO and WebAuthn, and implications for consumer-facing sites.

Jun 30, 202216 min

Root Causes 229: Browsing Collectives and the 80/20 Rule of Browser Privacy

In this follow-on to our two previous podcasts, we elucidate additional potential schemes for preserving consumer privacy. We discuss data aggregation, the power of the default, decentralized blockchain identities, the death of cookies, browsing collectives, privacy browsers, and the 80/20 rule of browser entropy.

Jun 08, 202222 min

Root Causes 228: Getting the FLoC out of Here

In a follow-up to our recent episode on cookies and browser tracking, we discuss Google's Federated Learning of Cohorts (FLoC) initiative, why it failed as a response, and other directions the industry is looking in.

May 31, 202214 min

Root Causes 227: Let's Talk About Cookies

In this episode we explain the fundamentals of cookies and why, despite their obvious benefits, they present troublesome privacy concerns. We discuss the many ways web users can be tracked including cross-site cookies, tracking pixels, and browser fingerprinting.

May 27, 202224 min

Root Causes 225: The Difference Between Relying Parties and Certificate Consumers

Despite the similarity in their names, in the world of digital certificates a Relying Party and a Certificate Consumer are very different things. In this episode we define the four main roles in the public trust ecosystem: CA, Subscriber, Certificate Consumer, and Relying Party, with real-world examples.

May 19, 202215 min

Root Causes 224: The Five Problems with SSH Keys

In this follow-on to our earlier episode explaining SSH keys, we discuss the five problems SSH keys present to organizations using them. And we give a peek at how to solve these problems.

May 17, 202219 min

Root Causes 223: CT Log-Enabled Attacks on WordPress Sites

Attackers are using CT logs to identify brand new WordPress sites and install malware before upcoming security measures are in place. This attack is novel in how it exploits Certificate Transparency information to identify likely targets. In this episode we explain what is happening and why it's noteworthy.

May 11, 202215 min

Root Causes 222: Consolidation and PKI Solutions

Vendor consolidation is an important topic in IT security. As the scope and variety of threats continues to increase, we have seen a proliferation of point solutions and features, and a resulting desire to reduce that vendor footprint or at least facilitate using them together. In this episode we discuss this trend and how it specifically affects PKI and digital certificates.

May 11, 202210 min

Root Causes 221: What Are SSH Keys?

SSH (Secure Shell) keys are ubiquitous for authenticated access to Linux systems. In this first of three episodes we explain what these keys are and how they're used.

May 04, 202215 min

Root Causes 220: The Difference Between OTP and Passwordless

"Passwordless" is a hot term in the industry, and as a result many technology vendors are attaching their solutions to this term. In this episode we clarify the difference between OTP services and passwordless authentication.

May 02, 202214 min

Root Causes 219: New Quantum Cryptography Legislation Introduced

New proposed legislation in the US House of Representatives mandates that federal agencies must begin preparation for using the new quantum resistant cryptographic algorithms selected by NIST. This represents a major development in building a quantum safe digital world. In this episode we explain the proposed legislation and it's consequences.

Apr 26, 202212 min

Root Causes 218: PKI Nomenclature Oddities

Every technology space has its jargon. In this episode we go over some of the interesting, ambiguous, or amusing terms that are specific to the PKI and digital certificates industry.

Apr 20, 202230 min

Root Causes 217: What's the Deal with the Recent Okta Security Breach?

In March the LAPSIS$ hacking group convincingly announced a breach of Okta systems, potentially exposing Okta customers to additional compromise. Despite Okta's initial statements to the contrary, it ultimately turned out that up to 366 Okta customers may be affected. Our hosts walk through the events of the attack, how it unfolded over time, and how this breach was revealed.

Apr 14, 202224 min

Root Causes 216: What Is crt.sh?

One of the foundational tools for monitoring and understanding public SSL certificates is crt.sh, created and maintained by Sectigo's own Rob Stradling. In this episode our hosts explain what crt.sh does and why it is so popular among SSL industry watchers.

Apr 10, 202211 min

Root Causes 215: Passwordless Authentication and Legacy Systems

Organizations seeking to use passwordless authentication frequently must deal with legacy systems that cannot support this scheme. In this episode we explain why that occurs and detail the steps organizations can take to mitigate the effect of legacy systems.

Apr 08, 202224 min

Root Causes 214: New DUO MFA Flaw Explained

A recent FBI warning cautions organizations about exploits based on misconfigured DUO MFA, which exploits weaknesses in Active Directory to provision credentials on DUO for malicious parties. This is an unusual story in several ways, including the fact that the exploit is based on a configuration error and that it's specific to a single, popular SaaS offering. Our hosts explain this exploit and why it is noteworthy.

Apr 05, 202211 min

Root Causes 213: 600-domain Phishing Attack

In this episode we describe a recent phishing campaign noteworthy for its scale, encompassing a total of 600 unique domains. We discuss the implications of a campaign of this scale and high level of organization.

Mar 28, 20228 min

Root Causes 212: S/MIME Limited to Three Years

On April 1 new root program requirements from Apple for S/MIME certificates go into effect, including a limitation of the allowable term to three years. This is contrary to Apple's stated intentions last year. In this episode the explain this change in policy and what certificate users can expect for the future.

Mar 28, 202211 min

Root Causes 211: Does CLM Make Wildcard and MDC Irrelevant?

Wildcard and multi-domain certificates have traditionally made administration easier for IT departments. In this episode we weigh the degree to which Certificate Lifecycle Management (CLM) renders these benefits obsolete and if these certificate types continue to be worth the increased risk they carry.

Mar 12, 202214 min

Root Causes 210: Living off the Land

Microsoft has deprecated support for the popular sysadmin tool WMIC. Join our hosts as they explain the security reasons behind this development and broader lessons we can learn.

Mar 07, 20227 min
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