This time on PING Doug Madory from Kentik discusses his recent measurements of the RPKI system worldwide, and it's visible impact on the stability and security of BGP. Doug makes significant use of the Oregon RouteViews repository of BGP data, a collection maintained continuously at the University of Oregon for decades. It includes data from back to 1997, originally collected by the NLANR/MOAT project and has archives of BGP Routing Information Base (RIB) dumps taken every two hours from a varie...
May 15, 2024•30 min•Season 4Ep. 10
In this episode of PING, APNIC’s Chief Scientist Geoff Huston discusses Starlink again, and the ability of modern TCP flow control algorithms to cope with the highly variant loss and delay seen over this satellite network. Geoff has been doing more measurements using starlink terminals in Australia and the USA, at different times of day exploring the system behaviour. Starlink has broken new ground in Low Earth Orbit internet services. Unlike Geosynchronous satellite services which have a long d...
May 01, 2024•1 hr 2 min•Season 4Ep. 9
This time on PING, Dr Mona Jaber from Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), discusses her work exploring IoT, Digital Twins and Social Science led research in the field of networking and telecommunications. Dr Jaber is a senior lecturer in QMUL and is the founder and director of the Digital Twins for Sustainable Development Goals (DT4SDG) at QMUL. She was one of the invited Keynote speakers at the recent APRICOT/APNIC57 meeting held in Bangkok, and the podcast explores the three major themes e...
Apr 17, 2024•27 min•Season 4Ep. 8
In this episode of PING, APNIC’s Chief Scientist Geoff Huston discusses the European Union's consideration of taking a role in the IETF, as itself. Network engineers, policy makers and scientists from all around the world have participated in IETF but this is the first time an entity like the EU has considered participation as itself in the process of standards development. What's lead to this outcome? What is driving the concern that the EU as a law setting and treaty body, an inter-governmenta...
Apr 03, 2024•1 hr 5 min•Season 4Ep. 7
This time on PING we have Phil Regnauld from DNS Operations Analysis & Resource Center (DNS-OARC) talking about the three distinct faces OARC presents to the community. Phil came to the OARC presidents role, replacing Keith Mitchell who was the founding president since 2008 through to this year. Phil previously has worked with the Network Startup Resource Centre (NSRC) and with AFNOG , and the Francophone Internet community at large. DNS OARC has at least 3 distinct faces. It is a community ...
Mar 20, 2024•41 min•Season 4Ep. 6
In this episode of PING, APNICs Chief Scientist Geoff Huston discusses a new proposed DNS resource record called DELEG. The record is being designed to aid in managing where a DNS zone is delegated. Delegation is the primary mechanism used in the DNS to separate responsibility between child and parent for a given domain name. The DELEG RR is designed to address several problems, including a goal of moving to new transports for the name resolution service the DNS provides to all other Internet pr...
Mar 06, 2024•1 hr 2 min•Season 4Ep. 5
This time on PING we have Amreesh Phokeer from the Internet Society (ISOC) talking about a system they operate called Pulse, available at https://pulse.internetsociety.org/ . Pulse’s purpose is to assess the “resiliency” of the Internet in a given locality. Similar systems we have discussed before on Ping include APNIC’s DASH service, aimed at resource holding APNIC members, and the MANRS project. Both of these take underlying statistics like resource distribution data, or measurements of RPKI u...
Feb 21, 2024•36 min•Season 4Ep. 4
In this episode of PING, APNIC’s Chief Scientist Geoff Huston discusses the role of DNS in directing where your applications connect to, and where content comes from. Although this more “steering” traffic than it “routing” in the strict sense of IP packet forwarding, (that’s still the function of the border gateway protocol or BGP) It does in fact represent a kind of routing decision, to select a content source or server logistically “best” or “closest” to you. So in the spirit of “Orange is the...
Feb 07, 2024•54 min•Season 4Ep. 3
In this episode of PING, Leslie Daigle from the Global Cyber Alliance (GCA) discusses their honeynet project, measuring bad traffic internet-wide. This was originally focussed on IoT devices with the AIDE project but is clearly more generally informative. Leslie also discusses the quad-nine DNS service, GCA’s domain trust work and the MANRS project. Launched in 2014 with support from ISOC, MANRS now has a continuing relationship with GCA and may represent a model for the routing community regard...
Jan 24, 2024•38 min•Season 4Ep. 2
In this episode of PING, APNIC’s Chief Scientist Geoff Huston discusses the change in IP packet fragmentation behaviour adopted by IPv6, and the implications of a change in IETF “Normative Language” regarding use of IPv6 in the DNS. IPv4 arguably succeeds over so many variant underlying links and networks because it’s highly adaptable to fragmentation in the path. IPv6 has a proscriptive requirement that only the end hosts fragment, which limits how intermediate systems can handle IPv6 data in f...
Jan 10, 2024•56 min•Season 4Ep. 1
In this episode of PING, Sara Dickinson from Sinodun Internet Technologies and Terry Manderson , VP, Information Security and Network Engineering at ICANN discuss the ICANN DNS stats collector system which ICANN commissioned, and Sinodun wrote for them. This system consists of two parts, a DNS stats compactor framework which captures data in the C-DNS format, a specified set of data in CBOR format, and the DNS stats visualiser which is uses Grafana. The C-DNS format is not a complete packet capt...
Dec 06, 2023•30 min•Season 3Ep. 24
In this episode of PING, APNIC’s Chief Scientist Geoff Huston discusses the rise of Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) Satellite based Internet, and the consequences for end-to-end congestion control in TCP and related protocols. Modern TCP has mostly been tuned for constant delay, low loss paths and performs very well at balancing bandwidth amongst the cooperating users of such a link, achieving maximum use of the resource. But a consequence of the new LEO internet is a high degree of variability in dela...
Nov 22, 2023•1 hr 17 min•Season 3Ep. 23
In this episode of PING, Verisign fellow Duane Wessels discusses a late state (version 08) Internet draft he’s working on with two colleagues from Verisign. The draft is on Negative Caching of DNS Resolution Failures and is co-authored by Duane, William Carroll , and Matt Thomas This episode discusses the behaviour of the DNS system overall in the face of failures to answer. There are already mechanisms to deny the existence of a queried name or a specific resource type. There are also mechanism...
Nov 08, 2023•33 min•Season 3Ep. 22
In this episode of PING, instead of a conversation with APNIC’s Chief Scientist Geoff Huston we’ve got a panel session from APNIC56 he facilitated, where Geoff and six guests got to discuss the 30 year history of APNIC. With Geoff on the panel were: Professor Jun Murai known as the ‘father of the Internet’ in Japan. In 1984, he developed the Japan University UNIX Network (JUNET), the first-ever inter-university network in that nation. In 1988, he founded the Widely Integrated Distributed Environ...
Oct 25, 2023•1 hr 20 min•Season 3Ep. 21
In this episode of PING, Stephen Song discusses his work mapping the Internet. This is a long-term project, which he carries out alongside and supported by Mozilla Corporation , and the Association for Progressive Communications ( APC ). Stephen has long championed the case for Open Data in telecommunications decision-making and maintains a list of resources for capacity building and development of the Internet with a particular focus on Africa. The combination of some opaque business practices ...
Oct 11, 2023•35 min•Season 3Ep. 20
In this episode of PING, APNIC’s Chief Scientist Geoff Huston discusses the technique APNIC Labs uses to measure end user behaviour in the global internet. This is probably the only worldwide web advert based measurement system in continuous use since 2010. Originally written in Adobe Flash, the system is now coded in Javascript and HTML5, and continuously samples as many as 25 million users per day, across mobile devices and desktop PCs, Android, iPhone and Chromebook. The system was first desi...
Sep 27, 2023•1 hr 5 min•Season 3Ep. 19
In june of this year, the Dashboard for AS Health or DASH, a service operated by APNIC saw a leak of approximately 260,000 BGP routes from a vantage point in Singapore, and sent alerts to around 90 subscribers to our routing mis-alignment notification service which is part of DASH. BGP is the state of announcements made and heard worldwide, calculated by every BGP speaker for themselves and although its globally connected and represents “the same” network, not everyone sees all things, as a resu...
Sep 13, 2023•30 min•Season 3Ep. 18
In this episode of PING, APNIC’s Chief Scientist Geoff Huston discusses the coming future of VLSI with Moores law coming to an end. This was motivated by a key presentation made at the most recent ANRW session at IETF117, San Francisco. For over 5 decades we have been able to rely on an annual, latterly bi-annual doubling of speed called Moore's Law , and halving of size of the technology inside a microchip: Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI), the basic building block of the modern age being th...
Aug 30, 2023•57 min•Season 3Ep. 17
In this episode of PING Jaap Akkerhuis (NLNet Labs) , Ulrich Spiedel (University of Auckland) and Russ White (Juniper) discuss the issues behind Sunspots, ionisation in the atmosphere and its effects on satellite communications and terrestrial infrastructure based on wires in the air: Power grids and data services. In two blogs Good day sunshine and Solar Storms and the Internet we've highlighted the potential risks from increases in solar activity such as solar flares and the associated Coronal...
Aug 16, 2023•45 min•Season 3Ep. 16
In this episode of PING, APNIC’s Chief Scientist Geoff Huston discusses the eternal tension between content and carriage. At the RIPE 86 meeting held in Rotterdam in May of this year, Rudolf van der Berg presented a talk titled "The EU Gigabit Connectivity Package and How It Will Hurt the Internet" Geoff has looked at the tensions between content and carriage, Transit and CDNs, the economics of networks for decades, and a conversation about the problems has gone on for some time now, some of whi...
Aug 02, 2023•51 min•Season 3Ep. 15
