Hey, Hi, it's your old buddy Alley Ward, your old weird dad, wearing corduroy pants, coming to you from a hotel room in Portland, Oregon, overlooking a bus stop in a variety of dumpsters.
But in this episode will all be transported to Rome and a small theater in Texas, and Mesopotamia and the underworld and the Amazon and Detroit. Because mythology, let's talk about myths. There are two things. There are sweeping epic tales that transcend time and culture, and then there's also weird schoolyard lies like tongue kissing will make you pregnant. For this episode, we're focusing on the sweeping epics. So where does myth come from? Well, in short, it's Greek.
It means story or word, so narratives. Now, before we meet our ologist, I do want to tell you a story about this lady who makes a podcast and every week she would creep into a cave also known as her closet field laundry and read all of the magical reviews that beautiful elves with ears would leave her and it would make her so happy, and like a clarion call, it would make the podcast go up in the charts and alert everyone in the land to listen. So what
I'm saying is I creepyr reviews. I read every single review you guys leave and it makes me so happy. Thank you so so much. And every week I like to read a review that just tickled me a little bit, just tickled me. This week's review, Lance Jegerson says, good pod. Hi, it's a very good pod. It starts off casual, it then says I literally changed my major to become a science teacher because of this podcast. It's amazing, like it's what get it.
So thank you for the reviews. I read them all.
Also, thank you to everyone throwing magical coins into my patreon dot com slash ologies well and supporting the podcast, and for buying merch atologiesmerch dot com. There's so many cool shirts and hats and pins and totes, so that goes to support the podcast. Okay, back to myths. So I hadn't started releasing any episodes of Ologies yet. This is last year. One day I went to the La Zoo to meet up with episode two's primatologist. If you listen to that episode, you know the story. It's a
little embarrassing on my part, but it ends well. But while there I met a friend of a friend who is married to a mythologist. She's like, you're look a morologists. I got a mythologist and my reaction was like, holy shit, yes, mythology is an ology.
I didn't even think about that one.
So I had this guy in my list for almost a year before sitting down with him, and it turns out he's like a really big deal. He has a PhD in mythology and he's written books on narrative structure and has worked with like Morgan Freeman and Juliet Roberts and Matt Damon and Paul McCartney and Denzel Washington and a bunch of other people that I'm probably not even listing right now. Anyway, He's great. He's very passionate about myths and he works in the movie business to make
them better. So we exchanged emails for like a million months, and then finally I went to his house. It was Super Bowl Sunday, and I was like, I'm so sorry that I scheduled this on Super Bowl Sunday and he's like, I don't give a shit, and I was like cool. And his house is filled with all of this crazy movie memorabilia and antique projectors and gramophones and wax cylinders, And I think I spent a good forty minutes before we even started recording just trying not to touch expensive
antiques in his house. So he and his wife Katie are amazing. They welcomed me in. We went to his study, and then we sat down to talk about myths and Joseph Campbell and Star Wars and how while Disney ruined cautionary Tales for Little Girls and the Underworld and Elvira.
So please get ready to fall in love with mythology and narrative structure all over again, while also learning some very valuable lessons about yourself and your own human psychology in the way that you tell your story to yourself.
In the world.
Who boy with mythologist John Booker.
It's pronounced Booker, but it's spelled b u c ch e er. My ancestors did me no favor with that. It's been one of the banes of my existence. So yeah, it's John Booker, And I'm so sorry. I just I feel like I have to apologize for my name.
I'm glad you did, because I was like, when is he going to apologize for how his name is pronounced, because this is really upsetting to me. My last name is pronounced. Now you are a.
Mythologist, I am a mythologist. Does your business card say that?
Actually?
Does it does?
Yes?
At what point did you get to call yourself a mythologist?
I went after my doctorate in mythology that at that point you get to call yourself a mythologist when you
knock that PhD in mythology out. The pacifica graduate institute in Santa Barbara is one of the only places in the world that you can actually get a doctorate in mythology, and that is where the Joseph Campbell Libraries exist, which is one of the reasons I chose to go to that school because I really was interested in this guy named Joseph Campbell, who I had heard about from this guy you probably haven't heard of named George Lucas, up.
And comer in the year nineteen seventy one. George Lucas was in a bunch of personal debt, which always makes me wonder, like I wonder what he was buying. I like to think he was spending the money on like yoga classes and too much Doctor Pepper. But anyway, that's probably what I would spend it on. But he started writing a movie about a Jedi warrior, which was okay, Universal Studios, right, it was like yeah, no, sorry, loser.
So the story goes that Lucas revisited some of Joseph Campbell's works about mythology, He tweaked the script, sent another draft to twentieth Century Fox and they were like, yo, this is tight, and George Lucas is now worth five point three billion dollars thanks Joe Campbell.
Few people went and saw the movie, and now we sort of looked to Joseph Campbell as being one of the spiritual fathers of Star Wars. But it also opened up a lot of people's imagination to the role of mythology in our current society, which I think is super interesting.
Give me a little bit of a one oh one on Joseph Campbell, because I feel like I didn't know who Joseph Campbell was until I moved to Los Angeles and started dating screenwriters, and then there's a lot of the bookshelves are like mostly Joseph Campbell. But can you give me a little bit of a primer on what his deal was and why he suddenly was like, this is how you tell a story.
Yes, Joseph Campbell was a academic guy, but someone who never got a doctorate, but someone whose curiosity became an utter passion about why different cultures around the world had told the same stories when they had never come in contact with each other. So I'll give you an example. Every culture in the world has a flood story about how the whole earth was flooded and things started over. Most of us in Western culture, of course, associate that
with Noah and the Bible. But every culture has this flood story. And Joseph Campbell began to look at that and noticed, actually there were stories of floods that predated the Hebrew scriptures. And we see this in Amazonian culture, we see this in Greek culture, we see it in Roman culture, Asian culture, all over the world. For some reason, there was some need in human beings to have a story that people pointed to that was about the whole earth being flooded.
Where does a where does the hit movie water World come in?
That is a great question, because that is our modern retelling of the flood story. And I think we can see how far things have come now that we've got Kevin cost on the job. Really, is their need ever again to tell that flood story? I think not.
It's a new new testament.
Water World was the nineteen ninety five Kevin Costner flick that was essentially Mad Max meets Burning Man in the open ocean, and it was the most expensive film ever made at the time, one hundred and seventy five million bones, yet it scored only forty two percent fresh on Rotten Tomatoes. Now the production remains a myth in and of itself. This is it's a tale of Hubris teaching us all not to spend seventy five million over budget. Ever, ever, one throw shade at your movie before it even comes
out and then make fun of it for years. It's very applicable to all of our lives.
I think it's not. Are these stories mostly cautionary tales?
Kind of like you know how you dream and in your dream your narratives are usually rehearsals for terrible things to come, So when it happens in real life, you're like, I got this out of this in dream.
Is that kind of what myths are?
Well? This is an excellent question, and it's also a question that you kind of have to unpack for a bit because it's interesting you bring up dreams because a lot of myths are actually based on dreams or they occur in the context of a dream. And this is what connects mythology with depth psychology.
Quick definition.
I just looked up depth psychology is the study of unconscious mental processes and motives, especially in psychoanalytic theory and practice. So it's deep psychology. I tried to look up if there's a field of shallow psychology, but I think that's just like brunch.
And that's one of the big reasons people study mythology is understanding the psyche of people that tell these stories. So with depth psychology and dreams, we can We've determined that when people have a dream, usually every character in your dream is you. So if you even have a dream about your parents and something weird happening, there's some aspect of that dream where every character is you. So your mother, that's some part of you that's playing that out.
Your father, that's some part of you that's playing that out. So Joseph Campbell was one of the first to begin to connect that idea of mythology and psychology and begin to figure out, you know, there are these stories that exist all over the world, perhaps because people are having the same dreams and having the same experiences in their head, which really began to open up a lot of curiosity and other people to say, huh, I wonder if that's true, because I'm guessing you and I have had some of
the same dreams. If you ever had that dream where you feel like you're falling and right before you hit the ground, you're like.
Ugh, yep oh. And then there's the tooth dream or your teeth fallout.
And then I have this dream a lot where I will find a new room in the house I live somewhere, and then I'm.
Suddenly like, whow I have another rumor? Who empty? Is that a thing?
That's a thing? So psychologists and mythologists would say that is usually our psyche that is wanting to open up some new area of our life or some new area in your experience that you should begin to let your own curiosity seek out. Okay, what new areas do I need to go into because there's something inside me that is wanting to explore something new.
So what was John's entree into mythology? How did that big, heavy, dusty door creak open?
When I saw Raiders of the Lost Arc, I determined that was what I wanted my life to be. Really, but I grew up in the oil fields of East Texas, and archaeologist was not anything that people really did for
a living. So, you know, I got involved in technology and film and television and all sorts of other types of storytelling, but really my heart was going back to Raiders of the Lost Arc and seeing Indiana Jones travel around the world and not just solve mysteries, but come in contact with the ancient stories and relics and symbols that had existed for thousands of years and bringing interpretation to those things.
So he kept this name Joseph Campbell, bandied about by screenwriting googers, and he started to go down rabbit holes reading his work. And then he found out Campbell's library archives were in Santa Barbara and that the Pacific Graduate Institute offered a PhD in mythology and archaeological connections to mythology, And he was like, whoa dude. He probably had a more eloquent reaction, but you know what I'm saying.
And I thought, this is as close to Indiana Jones as I may ever get in my life. So I am. I really do believe whatever we end up pursuing in our lives, if it's our passion, it probably goes back to something very young within us. And for me, it was going back to this little movie theater in downtown Tyler,
Texas that had broken seats and smelled like mildew. But somehow, in the darkness among strangers, I was transported to another world where a ventures took over my life, and I knew I wanted my life to be full of the sort of adventures I was seeing playing out in this waking dream on the screen. Wow.
When you obtain a PhD in mythology, your life may entail travels to places such as Italy, Greece, Malta, which is an insanely tiny island off the coast of Sicily that I just looked up in Dubai, where you may help infuse the ancient stories of mythology into amusement park exhibits and other cool stuff and so on. At least if you're John Booker, who I imagine has to stable extra pages into his passport, which is the best problem.
To have so my interest in mythology, or sort of my brand, has become connecting the ancient stories, archetypes, and symbols of the past with our modern cutting edge technology and augmented reality, virtual reality, immersive storytelling.
When it comes to myths, Greek myths, Roman myths, why are they so similar?
Which came first? And did you get hooked on.
Mythology as a kid at all in that way classic mythology I did.
I loved classic mythology as a kid. I had no idea. We just really studied Greek mythology when I was a kid, but I had no idea that you could actually somehow involve a career in that. While I still love Greek mythology, I really have come to appreciate mythology that predates Greek mythology, and this is the Babylonian and Sumerian mythology. I'll give you one very, very brief example of what I think is one of the most powerful stories, and it originates
in the Lower Mesopotamian Valley with the Samerians. But I'm going to give you just a taste of the Greek version of it. And the Greeks called this myth the story of Demeter and Persephone. Okay, and what it was is persephones one day out she's gathering pomegranates and she's having a great time. She's out with her girlfriends. They're just walking around enjoying the Greek life, and all of a sudden, out of nowhere, Hades comes up from the
underworld writing a cherry. It snatches up Persephone, takes her back down to the underworld and keeps her.
What a dick move.
What a dick move. So her mother, Demoter, she's livid. She she can't believe this would happen. She's sort of a thing going on with Zeus. So she goes to Zeus and she's like, hey, I'll tell you what, if you want to keep enjoying the fruits of my labor, you're gonna go and send somebody to get my daughter out of Hades. Zeus was really loving the love he was getting from Demeter, and so he said, all right, I'm gonna send my messenger down to go and get
Persephonie out of Hades. So he sends his messenger down and the messenger tries to negotiate a deal and they work out this of this deal where she's going to spend part of the year up with her mother and part of the year down in the underworld. Now, they tell you later in the myth, actually that Persephone kind of enjoyed being the goddess queen of the underworld. That she got to kind of dig being the badass down in the underworld, so she didn't really mind going back
for three months of the year. Now she would go back to the underworld for three months of the year her mother demit her goddess of the harvest, she would have her heart broken for those three months. She wouldn't allow the grass to grow, she would allow it to get very cold. And this was how the Greeks explained winter. Oh man, Yeah, so, but that originates with the Samarians, right, they're telling a version of that story long before the Greeks.
So in some ways myths are ways to explain things about the world that we don't really know how to explain. And so as we develop science and things like that, sometimes myths go away. But I think what we lose even when we develop better science, is we lose sort of the archetypal meaning of what it means to go
away down to the underground. Do you ever go to a city and it's like, I'm just going to go to all the salty bars in this city, and I just kind of need a low down, dirty experience here in this city.
Right when I need to do that, I wear more eyeliner. I'm just like, look at me, look at me.
I'm so dark, Hollie.
We have so much in common. It's just crazy to me how much.
Yeah, Okay, it reminds me of Elvira. How she's played by Cassandra. She's probably three months in the year she's Elvira. The rest of the time, she's just a redhead eaten sushi in Hollywood, you know what I mean. So Elvira Mistress of the Dark is according to some articles I read about her, and I read more articles than I needed to because I just couldn't stop. But she is solidly booked for Halloween season engagements September through November, three months of the year.
People.
The rest of the time, she's a gentle Kansas born, redheaded woman named Cassandra Peterson who's a vegetarian, loves watching Netflix and singing. I'm telling you, I read a lot of articles about her.
Can I also just quit tell you the mythological origins of Cassandra, Yes, because that is a name that we get from Greek mythology, and it's interesting in our day and age, especially because Cassandra very beautiful woman, right, one of the gods. Yeah, he starts hitting on her, Okay, starts hitting on her, and she's not having it. Because she's not having it, he decides to up the anny and give her a special gift. He decides to give Cassandra the gift of prophecy. She's going to be able
to tell the future. She's still not having it. She's just not gonna get with this guy. This god spits in her mouth. Not cool, not cool, spits in her mouth, and it curses her tongue that when she speaks prophecy, no one will believe her. So she's this woman in Greek mythology that has the ability to tell the future,
but the curse is that no one will believe her. Now, I think that's a super super important myth for women in our culture right now that they identify greatly with that, and women have felt that way for thousands of years, So I think that's a really important myth.
That's just like old timey gas lighting. To the extreme.
You can say that again, So tell me the basic arc of a story, because I think once you start kind of cracking open, like the Joseph Campbell the mythology box, you start to realize every story is the same story, same pattern. It's almost like a song. It's got a crescendo, it's got an ending, it's got a beginning.
What is a story? What are these patterns?
So even before Joseph Campbell began to identify this, we've got our friend Aristotle who tells us that every story should have a beginning, a middle, and an end. And even though we're like, yeah, this is really revolutionary at the time, right because nobody's telling stories in three acts
and this is a big deal. Now, what becomes important about three acts structure, having a beginning, a middle, and an end is that it sort of sets up this idea that psychologists have determined is why stories are how we see the world, and that is that the way storytelling structure works in some ways mirrors the way the human brain solves problems. Huh yeah, So in a story, a good story, we basically have somebody. This is important. Try telling a story without a character really tough. To do.
But we have to have somebody who wants something. It's really not a very cool story if it's somebody who just sets around all the time eating cheerios. They have to want something, they have to want to get up from where they're doing and go after something. Right, So somebody that wants something and then someone or something standing in the way of that. So here's an example. There was once a story guru that said a cat lying on a blank that's just a scenario. But a cat
lying on a dog's blanket, now that's a story. Because we have somebody who wants something in someone standing in the way of that, there's conflict. So conflict's an important part of a story. And that was what myths were so good at, was taking these unconscious ideas and feelings and actually putting them into stories that we could see and experience.
You know, I've often thought and I used to study Latin, and in Latin we had to learn a lot about the myths. There's like who else you can talk about. But I remember thinking, the way that we look at celebrities is so much like the mythology back in say Roman and Greek times. So someone is a demi God, and I feel like we put celebrities as like half god, half human fallible. They have an assent, they have a rise,
they have a hubris, they have a fall. What role do you think celebrities play in our modern mythology or do you think we play that out all in movies.
No. I think celebrities very much are archetypes that we need within our psyche and within mythology itself. And part of that is because there are certain things that we have moved away from ritualistically in society. So there used to be this idea in ancient cultures of the Greeks would call it the pharmacos. This was basically the person we're going to sacrifice every year. Oh boy, yeah, so
this would be the person. We're going to put all the bad things and all the sins on this person and go sacrifice them to the gods and say, hey, let us slide on everything. We're gonna, you know, sacrifice this person. And we see this in cultures all throughout the world. So this idea, by the way, that word pharmacos is where we get the word pharmacy or medicine. It's a soothing of the gods, you know. So now, of course, we don't sacrifice people anymore, but we kind
of do. Look at a Paris Hilton, look at a Kim Kardashian. We build those people up, we praise them, and then there seems to be an endless amount of joy taken at sacrificing those people's reputation who they are as people, and we create an archetype out of them that we need in order to feel better about ourselves. We need to sacrifice that part of us that's vain, We need to sacrifice that part of us that is shallow and substanceless. And we put all that upon these
celebrities and we enjoy. We build them up, and then we enjoy seeing them taken down, and then we always love a good comeback in the end as well.
Do you think that that follows story structure kind of like is there is the beginning their ascent? Is there like an inciting incident? Like what are some what are some bare bones of stories that we see in our everyday life and in movies when you talk about a beginning, middle end, like what has to be in a story?
So Joseph Campbell talked about this when he talked about the hero's journey, and in the hero's journey, we basically have this hero or this man or woman who decides, you know what, this world that I'm living in in my small village or town or city the normal world, and that can be whatever it is, but the normal world, I need something I can't get here, And so there's this acceptance of the call that the hero decides, I'm going to leave everything I know to go out after
this thing. And Campbell called it a boon or an elixir, some sort of magic medicine, you know, that they would go after. And so then they would go after whatever it is they're going after. They would fight dragons, and there were enemies and gatekeepers and all these people to keep them from getting what they were after. But then when they got it, it wasn't enough just to get
their hands on it. It was very important to the story that then they returned back home and brought the elixir back to where they started, back to the people at home. I think this is something that we often forget in stories today. We often want to end a person's story with the accomplishment of the goal because we live in a very capitalistic society that is very much all about just getting what you want, and that's the
whole point of life. But actually, societies before ours believed that the experience of wonder was much greater than even the experience of success, and wonder could only be experienced by bringing back the elixir, bringing back whatever you had learned on the journey, bringing it back to others who needed that information and that experience, And in that an endless wonder was put within you because you could always
share your experiences and the lessons that you learned. And I think that is something that our modern storytelling tends to in its efforts to be efficient, we try and cut that away. But again, when we go back and look at myths, that was always an important part of the story, was bringing back what you had learned or what you had gotten.
Now, when people call on you, do they say, I'm writing a script, I'm developing a series. Help me figure out where the holes are, help me figure out how to make this flow.
Yeah, you know, it's different almost with every project, but that happens a lot where a production company or a writer or a studio will call up and say, hey, we've got this project. We know there's some problems with it. We're not exactly sure what they are or even how to fix them. Could you come in and take a look, And I am always happy to go and do that. Sometimes though, people will be developing a show that is around some really specific part of history that has some
sort of mythological connection. And by the way, I should mention that mythology is not just confined to the Greeks and Romans and those sort of typical myths that we think of. I did deep work on the mythology of Hinduism and Islam and Buddhism, Sufism, Christianity, Judaism. You know, all of our religious traditions are mythological in nature as well.
John will consult on TV shows and films that have like religious or mythological connections, or he might be in the writer's room for say a show that takes place in ancient Rome, so he can give some context to Roman stories. So it's not just like people from the valley wearing togas and stuff.
If you're trying to tell a truthful story that relates to our culture today, you sort of have to use the psychology of the way people think today, but you also have to be true to the history. So you have to find a middle ground psychologically between the motivations people understand today and the history of what was happening at the time. You know, the way that men and women interacted, the way that children and you know we're treated.
And they're like, how can we make Caligula likable?
And you're like, well, he kills everyone, like he sexually assaults farm animals.
It's like, it's gonna be a hard sell.
Lest you think I'm being hyperbolic, please do give Caligula a Google So, thank you Wikipedia for informing me that quote. Once, at some games at which he was presiding, he ordered his guards to throw an entire section of the audience into the arena during the intermission to be eaten by the wild beasts because there were no prisoners to be used and he was bored impeach much. So, can you tell me the difference between a story, a myth, a fable, a parable?
What's the difference?
Yeah, that's a great question. Actually, thank you. So let me start actually with a fable, because I think that's a really interesting place to start. One of the more common fables. Most of us have heard of Esop's fables, and we know fables like the Tortoise and the Hair, for example. Most of us are familiar with that story, and we know sort of the meaning of the story is, don't get lazy, because you know, even slow and study wins the race, and you know if you nap with
the finish line, the turtle will eventually beat you. We don't really have the correct understanding of how fables work today because we tend to think of ourself as one character and then whoever is in opposition to us as the other character. The people who would hear the story of the tortoise and hair the hair would understand fables were actually meant to describe two sides of the same person. So inside you there's a tortoise and there's a hair, And it's not meant to say, Ali, you be the
tortoise and not the hair. It's actually meant to say, inside of Ali is a tortoise and hair, and it's going to be up to you to negotiate, navigate. If you're going to sometimes let the hair get all the way up to the finish line, this part of you then may defeat that part of you. But they were meant to be psychological ideas that took place inside of people as opposed to morality tales, so that's sort of what a fable is. A myth, on the other hand, is usually a long story that does not have a
traditional Hollywood happy ending. It's a story of a journey. It's usually a road trip of someone going someplace. But it also incorporates in mythology stories of humankind's interaction with the other, or what we call the other. Sometimes that means gods, sometimes that means supernatural monsters, sometimes that means all sorts of other beings, but much of mythology is
about us encountering the other. It was this child psychologist in the seventies, Bruno Bettelheim, that wrote this book called The Uses of Enchantment, and it was basically talking about how childhood myths about monsters are really important for a child's development because when we think we're going to scare kids, when we think we're going to scare children by telling them about monsters, they don't learn how to deal with the most important monster they'll ever face, the one that
lives inside of them. So this is one reason there are all these wonderful theorists that talked about the importance of fairy tales. There was a woman named Marie Luise von Franz who did incredible work about the psychology and importance of fairy tales, especially in women, that it's very important that young women have certain fairy tales that they hear when they're younger, because it actually prepares young women
for certain experiences. One of those fairy tales is the story of Little Ridinghood, Little Red Riding Hood.
It's like, beware, there's dudes out there who want to each you and kill your grandma.
That's it.
That's yeah, I mean it's legit, it's legit. But so many fairy tales.
Peace. Yeah, So like I have you go back and you watch like a lot of like Disney movies, and you're like, this is all just like a weeping, frail woman who gets swept up by a prince, and you're like, how is a modern feminist?
I look at that and I'm like, don't be that garbage your children.
So, like, how do you reconcile the change in society with these really well worn myths and stories.
First, you have to recognize that Disney really messed up fairy tales. Okay, yeah, disneyfied fairy tales are not anything I'm a huge fan of. Really, yeah, fairy tales before Disney got ahold of them were very adult in nature, and they were very violent, and they involved all sorts of things that we today would say is non appropriate
for children. So you, I think, have to expose your children to the truth of real fairy tales and not a disnified version that does make every woman to be helpless and a princess that is waiting to be saved. That Let's go back to red riding Hood for a second. That's originated with this Bavarian folk tale called the story
of Grandmother. It was the first time and really there are some feminist theorists that feel like it was actually a story that was told to young women about dealing with their oncoming puberty and minstation that the whole idea of red riding Hood had symbolism, you know, about menstruation.
But also if you go back to the story of Grandmother, the wolf in the bed that portraying the grandmother asked the young woman to strip off all her clothes and get completely naked in the bed with her, and that the girl in the story is old enough that she would have at that time, she wouldn't have thought that was her grandmother, right, she would have seen this is a wolf dressed up as my.
Grandma, goddamn dogging a bonnet.
Right. So in the story, part of the nuance and the teasing out of that story is that sometimes young women are also attracted to giving themselves permission to get in bed with the wolf and see how far that experience would go. And in that story of the grandmother, by the way, there's not a hunter that comes in and kills the wolf. The wolf eats the girl and
she is killed. Savage. Yeah, it's savage, but it's also a story that I think has much more truth to it than the guy coming in and saving the young woman from the wolf.
And like Hans Christian Andersen, Little Mermaid was brutal right side note. In the original Hans Christian Andersen version of The Little Mermaid, the prince falls in love with another princess and marries her, and the Little Mermaid, per a sea Witch's spell, is supposed to just die of a clinically broken heart. She's like, sorry, sorry, lady, but her sisters get a knife and have a plot to murder the prince and bathe her dumb, useless new human feet.
She traded in his blood so she can get a flippers back, but she can't go through with it because she's in love with him, so she just turns into sea foam. She's like, man, this sucks. Also, there's like no talking lobsters. So these fairy tales before we kind of americanize them were cautionary tales.
That's right.
And so now getting back to fable, myth is story and parable what are those?
Yeah, so a parable is typically a way of approaching the world through story. That's binary. A parable is meant to teach a very simple, black and white lesson do this, don't do this. OK, be good, you know, don't be bad. So we see parables, especially you know, like in the Bible and places like that, where morality is of the chief utmost importance. So parables really deal in the realm
of morality. A story is really over it's sort of this arching umbrella that we put all these different things under. It's really interesting. There was a famous author that once said everyone seems to know what a story is until they sit down to write one. We all sort of know what a story is, but it's tough you know, for us to sometimes differentiate these things, and so we sort of loop all these things under the realm of story. Myths, parables, fairy tales, all these things. We sort of put them
under the umbrella of story. But I think there's value into teasing those things out, just like a few moments ago when we talked about the idea of a fable, you know, taking place inside of oneself. But at the end of the day, I don't know that it's you know, the public's job to be educated on all the n nuanced differences between these things as much as perhaps the storyteller's job in knowing what sort of tools they're using to craft, what their intention is in the audience, and
then the person who's listening to their story. That's where I think. I don't know, Ali, I take telling stories super serious.
I know, I love it.
I do, and I think it's a big responsibility. I feel like it's a calling. I feel like Detroit in the fall of last year just appointed first city in the US appointed a chief storyteller. What And it's this guy in Detroit, an African American guy that's a brilliant journalist and writer and storyteller and he has taken on the task of trying to change the narrative about Detroit.
Oh my god, I love this so much.
Side note, my sister lived in Detroit for a decade, so I've always had a soft spot for Detroit history. And the city's chief storyteller is Aaron Foley. He's an author in his thirties, and he hates the word gritty like your sister in law hates moist. He says, quote by forever branding Detroiter's as gritty, were put in the position of being pitied over, bleeding hearts all over the place, suddenly feel the plight of Detroitter's, which is a good point.
Aaron Foley wrote a book called How to Live in Detroit Without Being a Jackass, which, let's be honest, was written for chicks like me because I'm like a jackass and I have dreams of living in an old Detroit Victorian, so a point taken. Also, this book bears this gold and green cover script that it takes you like half a second before you realize it's an homage to Werner Soda. This book is very much on my reading list now, so thank you Erin. If there's an ology about Detroit?
Can we please talk about it? For anyone who has wanted to write, I feel like in all of us is a struggling writer, every single person.
I feel like, if you really.
Got them and had them lay out bare bones, what do they want? Everyone wants to write and create something. What advice do you give people who are starting to write a story but they have blocks because they feel like they can't do it, or they don't know where to start, or they don't know if their.
Voice is important? Like what is the first step?
Yeah? That is such an important question, because I think you're right. I think almost everybody has some desire to express their story in some form or another. And the first thing that a person needs to know is that no one else has ever told your story before, and
that the world is not complete without your story. Nobody can tell your story like you, And it's so key to your own development as a person to have other people bear witness to who you are in your story and to be able to speak honestly about your experiences and what you've been through and who you are. This is very key to our own journeys as human beings. So the first thing that I think people have to
do is give themselves permission to tell a story. It doesn't have to align itself with your personal history to the tee. Sometimes we change facts and we move things around. The key is tell a story that's true. Don't try and tell me a story about what you've heard other people say is true. Tell me a story about what you've experienced and learned to be true yourself, because that will resonate with people no matter who they are. It's universal. We want to hear people speak from a true place.
So if you give yourself permission to tell that story, the only other thing you have to do is the hardest thing about writing is getting your button a chair and actually doing it.
What advice do you have for writer's block or writing anxiety?
You know, here's what I do. A couple of years ago, I was standing in line at the Coffee Bean and I was working on a project, and I was there, like I think it was like five point thirty six o'clock in the morning. Damn, yeah, I know, I was at coffee being I needed coffee, But there were all these screenwriters setting in there working on their writing, and I'm guessing they had to be at work by eight am.
So they were in there doing it then, and it struck me, if there's a long line in Hollywood of people waiting to have their shot, those people deserve to be in line ahead of me. They're up doing this in the morning, and Ali, I didn't like anybody having an excuse to be ahead of me in that line. So I decided to start getting up every morning and
writing at six am. Wow, And you know what, it has become one of the most rich parts of my life because my brain's not fully on yet, so they're that that filter and that that part of me that says, you can't do this, or you can't say that, or you can't tell none of that is engaged yet, and so the most pure parts of my imagination are coming out on the page. And I'll be honest with you, nobody calls me at six in the morning. I intentionally
don't open my email. And it's sort of like the dessert I get first thing in the morning that when I go to bed every night, I feel like, no matter what happened the rest of the day, I got something done that day because I got some writing done.
What time do you go to bed?
I go to bed. Now you're gonna laugh. I go get in bed about nine or nine thirty.
That's dope.
And I read for an hour to an hour and a half every night, because you cannot, in my opinion, become a great writer without becoming a reader. You have to read.
That was one of my questions is how many books a year do you read? That was literally one of my questions I wrote down. I was like, let's see how many books? Is lover done?
Honestly, I try and read a book a week. It's also one of the things that I think is super important is to read things that are outside of your interests. I'll be honest with you. I've become super fascinated right now with Times Square culture in the late seventies and early eighties.
Seriously, Times for New York, Times Square.
New York just that, I mean Thistle period.
Pre Juliani clean up, Heroin atics.
Yeah, long before HBO did the show The Deuce. This was really interesting to me, and I, by the way, strongly believe in psychotherapy. I go to a psychotherapist every week, and she and I have talked about this at great length, and there are some real reasons I won't bore you with of why that is important. But I'll give you a hint. We talked a few minutes ago about Demeater and Perciphony. Perciphoni's need to go to the underground. That
is a mental underground for me to go to. It's an underworld that is far enough removed from my daily existence that I can sort of psychologically play about what would it have been like to have lived in that neighborhood at that time when morals were thrown out the window, and when there was there was a rawness, you know, to society. So you know, six months from now, I'll be onto something else. You know, for a while, I
got super super interested in how refrigerators work. But let your curiosity go nuts, you know, read about something that you have no connection or use for. In bringing it all back to Joseph Campbell, he said he had this really famous phrase that was follow your bliss.
Right. I did not know that that was a Joseph Campbell quote until I started researching for this episode. I kind of a little digging before I came here, and I was like, wait, I thought that was like an Instagram quote. I didn't know that follow your bliss was like. And I listened to a whole interview about that and was just I was shook, clinically shook.
I love it, but that that is there if you really dig into that idea of following your bliss, it's not even followed just what makes you feel good or what makes you happy. That word bliss, when you begin to unpack it, it really is what makes you feel fulfilled, like your life has meaning and that you have purpose
and what you're doing. And I think for me, when I really got deep into Joseph Campbell, I really determined what my bliss was and I was able to encapsulate, but encapsulate it in a single phrase, in a single idea. And for me, my bliss is helping the world tell a better story. That is what I'm here on this earth to do is to help people, individuals, cultures, countries tell a better story. I'm in the business of saying, whatever your story is, you could probably enjoy a slightly
better story. There's a better version of your life that, with some sacrifices, with some things that you are interested in pursuing, could actually make a better story for you.
Do you find that with people that a lot of times we are kind of slaves to our own narratives. That changing your narrative, what you say about yourself, what you say about your life, changes the outcome of it.
PSH. I think that is so important, I really do. And I think what we tell people about our lives, it's a great window into what we already think and sort of where we're going.
Really quick, where does mythology fit into superhero culture?
Because I know your wife is amazing. I met you through your wife.
She works for DC and you do consulting on superhero movies. Where where are we with superhero movies? And also just a quick touch on are we going to be seeing like Wonder Woman, Black Panther, like flipping the script on who is doing the saving and things like that.
That's I you know, I grew up with superhero movies and I love superhero movies. Even if you look back through the history of comics and you look at the way that superheroes have changed in our modern era, superheroes typically changed to fit whatever psychological needs that we have. Is a culture, so Superman was very important to the nation's psyche as we were fighting Adolf Hitler that we
felt like we can take down anybody. We're strong, you know, this idea of truth justice in the American way, it was very important. We needed that at that time. So whenever somebody can step in and provide an answer, provide something that helps us deal with what's happening psychologically in
the world, we gravitate towards it. Well, we're facing different problems right now, and so I think the rise of Wonder Woman, the rise of Black Panther Man, those are super important to where we're at right now as a culture because we've seen the that, especially this last year, the way that women have been treated and our culture has risen to the top and it's not covered up anymore.
We're having to deal with that as a culture. We're having to deal with how violent we've been, with how mean spirited we've been, with what bullies we've been, and at the same time, women are dealing with having been through the experiences on the other side of that. And so I think Wonder Woman was a very very important character for the cultural psyche, not only of women, but of men as well.
What about Black panther I think.
We're going to see the same thing there with all the Black Lives Matter issues that have risen in the last year or two with racism being another issue that we were confronting as a culture. So I think the future of superhero movies and superhero stories really depends on what problems we are willing to face in our culture. Because I'll tell you this much, if we don't confront a form of evil when it arises, if we we just shush it away, it always comes back, just with
a different face. And we've seen this with the way that women have been treated. We've seen this with racism. When we don't deal with it, it just comes back with a different face. And I think we're finally ready maybe to deal with some of those issues in ways that maybe they're not going to come back at least like they have before, right, you know.
I think one thing that probably the part of the angst of the last year or so.
Especially politically, is that it feels like the end of the movie ended in the middle of the second act. It feels like, oh wait, what, Like it feels like there was something to overcome, and then the credits rolled and you're like, wait, this is the end? Wait who won You know, not to pull it much, but I think people who have listened to this well where I stand, but like it does feel like, oh shit, no, we're supposed to someone's supposed to like a he's supposed to fall off a boat or something.
And then you know what I mean.
Well, And I grew up in East Texas, and one of the things that I grew up with was the idea of the compost pile, which, for those of you who didn't grow up out on the rural routes of our country, a compost pile is a place that you take the leftover food and all the things that you know you don't want to burn in the trash barrel, and you put them out in a pile, and animals come and they eat from those things and bugs, and it's it's gross, it's nasty, but it actually is a
significant important part of the ecology of the earth. And it also is what generates life because what happens is the maggots and the flies and the gross insects come and they eat off this compost pile, and then the the rats and the mice and stuff come and eat them, and then the wolves and it goes on up the food chain and it's the way that life is regenerated. And Ali, I think what we're seeing right now, especially in the American political system. I think we're seeing the
grossness of the compost. I think in order to see new life be regenerated into something new, that the process of death and decay. It's gross to look at. And we're having to look at the grossness of the death and decay of certain types of fascism and chauvinism and racism, and we have a front row seat to it, and so for us it looks disgusting and gross and will
it ever end? But I think what we're actually seeing is the process of life regenerating in the final gasps of some of these things that we've dealt with long time.
WHOA, So this is just like earwigs eating a saggy biscuit.
That's exactly what this is. I feel matter well, I think it's the hope we can also sort of take with us in dealing with those things, because otherwise, I'm going to go to in and out Burger and I'm gonna order like twenty burghers and twenty shakes and just eat myself to death because what else is there? Right? I mean, let's just all eat and get fat and high. If there's not something better.
If there are missiles headed our way. Okay, I am going to ask you some questions from as cool? Is that cool?
Of course?
Oh my god, so many.
But before we take questions from you, our beloved listeners, we're going to take a quick break for sponsors of the show. Sponsors. Why sponsors, You know what they do? They help us give money to different charities every week. So if you want to know where Ologies gives our money, you can go to aliword dot com and look for the tab Ologies gives back. There's like one hundred and fifty different charities that we've given to already, with more
every single week. So if you need to place to go, donate a little bit of money but you're not sure where to go. Those are all picked biologists who work in those fields, and this ad break allows us to give a ton of money to them. So thanks for listening and thank sponsors. Okay, your questions, these are all questions from our patrons and who are awesome. So if they donate as little as twenty five cents an episode, they can ask questions to theologists.
I've set up. It's a pretty high, pretty high price to pay twenty five cents an episode.
I love it.
My heart is cheap.
Matt Bruckner wanted to know Joseph Campbell overrated or rightfully enshrined.
I think we know the answer to.
That one absolutely.
Okay.
I don't agree with him on everything, by the way, but you don't have to agree with somebody on every single thing in order to recognize the value of their work. Okay.
Al Martinez, Greek and Roman mythology were among my favorites in grammar school.
Okay, well, there was not a question. That's okay, though, that was good. I'm like good, yeah, yes.
Zoe Teplick wants to know what are some of the most persistent myths one that appear in various cultures throughout history.
I know you mentioned the flood, Yeah, the flood.
I'll tell you another. And it takes a lot of forms, but it's the idea of someone who's mistreated rising from their station. Every culture on the earth today has some version of the Cinderella story. And so that story of someone who is mistreated, who has a difficult beginning in life somehow rising out of the station that they're in.
We see that play out time and time again throughout mythology, and I think there's a reason for that that in our psychology, we need to believe that things can always get better, right.
I think that's why we like a vicious clap back on Twitter.
Yeah, we're like, it's a tiny, tiny little man, such an art form, I know. Oh Al Martinez did have a question. He said, Okay, Greek and Roman mythology are the two best known in the Western world. Which one precedes the other or influences the other most? Which is a great question. Who can first?
The Greeks. Greek mythology is the elder of those, and the Romans adopted many of the Greek myths and then changed the names of the gods, you know, occasionally would change the story up a little bit also, but we can't discount the importance of the importance of the Roman myths, because even the Greeks, you know, took a lot of their myths from the Babylonians and the Assyrians. To answer this question, the Greeks definitely predated the Romans as far as the mythology goes.
I mean, reboots on reboots, reboots on reboots, you know, Michael Gonzalez, what is your favorite god from Greek and Roman mythology?
Yeah, boy, this is a tough one to choose, but I think if I had to choose one, it's probably Dionysus.
Oh behind Dionysus.
Was the god of wine and leisure. But also Dionysus is where we get our modern ideas of theater from, and the theater of Dionysus in Athens is where theater originated and where the earliest plays, you know, were performed. And so I think it's easy for us to look at wine and partying and in that sort of thing as being the world of Dionysus, and certainly that was part of it. However, Dionysus also in theater and with wine,
these were actual rituals, in meaningful ceremonies that occurred. So there's sort of two schools of thought or philosophies in mythology. It's the Dionesian people that really identify with that psychological idea of Dionysus, or the Apollonian people that idealize Apollo, which was very much a god who was dedicated to rational thinking and logic and things like that, which we might say that that sort of leads us to believing
there's two types of people in the world. Those who were Apollonian in nature and believe logic, and we sometimes call those people left brain people, and then Dionysian the people that might be more creative. We're always out to have fun that we might consider more right brain. So we're constantly trying to bifurcate that psychological idea we find in mythology. And they would say it's either Dionysus or Apollo. But I'm a Dionysus guy.
Oh my god, I realize that.
Oh it reminds me a little bit of the goofis and gallant but in Highlights Magazine.
But I think there's too much pressure pressure to be a gallant.
Shout out to Highlights Magazine, mantimes.
You got to be a Goophist, just be like whatever, I didn't put the cap back on the milk.
Oh y'all.
I'm going to write an academic article based on that, because honestly, I think you're onto something. There's a lot of people that would resonate with that.
That's good. I think it's too much black away thinking.
Jessica Chamberlain asks what is something for mythology that is carried over into modern traditions that most people don't know the origins of like holiday traditions or olympics or other things like that.
Yeah, boy, there's so many. One of the things that I think people might find somewhat interesting is the modern ideas that we have about death. For example, when people die, we typically don't just go put them out in the recycle bin out on the curb, or go and bury them in the backyard.
For more info on how to dispose of your body and confront your immortality, see episode six of ologies Phanatology with Cole and Perry. She's so great and also I confront my existential terror.
We typically have a ceremony where there's a nice coffin and that where sometimes we will even go put maybe something that was meaningful to that person in the coffin with them. And those ideas all come from Egyptian mythology. The way that the Egyptian saw death as being sort of a at least in the funeral type experience, is being this liminal space before you'd go on the afterworld.
We sort of treat the dead like that in America, where many cultures will still have an open coffin at the funeral and we talk to the person like they're still there getting ready to go. We dress them up and put on a nice suit for them, or a dress or some sort of preparatory clothes for wherever they're going. We will often put things in the coffin, you know,
that were meaningful to them. The Egyptians believed, you know, that death was just really this experience, this transitory experience that was taking someone on to the next place in the journey. It's something that we mythologically still really rely on our death traditions.
Oh wow, I would just like put a coin in your mouth and sail you over to the.
Sticks by nice known you. Here's here's toll for the sticks. Eric wants to know why were the Romans such biters.
I'm guessing what he's said is why did they bite the style of I think he's used the got hop parlance of biding.
Got it, got it, got it?
Yeah. I think one of the things that made the Romans such biters, Eric, is the fact that the Romans had the ability to travel and experience other cultures. Because they had the means, they were wealthy, they could go and experience other cultures. And it's sort of like when you go visit your cousin in middle school in their hometown and everybody's wearing Yankees caps backwards, and you decide to come back and be the person that's going to
start wearing the Yankees cap backwards. It's not unlike what the Romans would do. Wherever the Romans went, they tended to bring back some aspects of the culture that they thought was great, and we still do the same today because spoiler alert, guess what that sushi that everybody's enjoying so much here in Los Angeles, it wasn't developed in the San Fernando very Somebody experienced that in another country, thought it was great and brought it here. And that's sort of how the world works.
And who's going to catch the Romans. It's not like anyone could google it back then. We're like, oh, that's a great idea, and they're like kind offer from Grease. Laura Ason wants to know. As an ologite, I got to ask smart people them questions. So what is your favorite mythological creature?
Oh, this is a really great one because I'm going to somewhat cheat on the answer here because I'm going to pick a half creature, half human, and that is the Mermaid. Yeah, I think mermaids are super fascinating because
we although we have disnified mermaids. You know, mermaids were often sirens in the older mythological tales that had really sharp teeth and would sing these beautiful songs and set topless on rocks calling to the sailors, and the sailors would be drawn to their beauty, nudity and beautiful voices. They would go over and then a horror movie would ensue from the mermaids, you know, having lunch on the sailors.
So I think the idea of dangerous beauty is really interesting to me, and I think mermaids sort of encapsulate that idea of dangerous beauty. So for me, you know, it's the mermaid. I know, I could have, you know, picked a a much more creature like monster or subject. You know. So I'll give a second place to unicorns because there's a straight white male of my people have
not given unicorns their due. And I got to say, as once said by one of my favorite films from the creators of South Park, unicorns are badass.
I mean, they're so revered and they can gouge the shit out of you with that horn, right.
I mean, it's a horse with a giant sharp object coming out of it. What's more manly than that?
Really, there's nothing that's more gently phallic than that, you know what I mean? Like a gorgeous like a totally like stick but lethal fallus like you boys need to.
Yeah, you need to commandeer? That is your come on?
That really is the symbol of male culture. Is the unicorn? This magic dangerous phallus. Yeah, you you male secrets have been revealed on this podcast, Alley, There's no way around it.
Tyler Fox wants to know the two major comics publishers. Who do you think has better superhero stories? Marvel or DC Rife.
Yeah, I'm gonna say DC that one.
Yeah, you're in a happy marriage. I think you should definitely say DC. And I think let's see how Oh and last question, Caroline, also known as under Knit, says, who is your favorite mythological underdog?
Yeah, I'm gonna have to say you know that. I'm going to give an old school answer here, and it's Sisyphus, you know, known for pushing the boulder up the hill and it keeps coming back down. There's something I think we can all relate to in that no matter what we're trying to do, the idea of pushing this heavy boulder up the hill only to have it come back down. That is that psychologically makes me feel understood and seen.
And really that's what that's what good mythology does. You know, it makes us feel seen and understood, and it makes us feel like there's someone out there that gets us, that also told this story. And maybe that's the bottom line for all mythology is it helps us feel less alone.
One hundred percent. So what is your what's your really quick advice for writer's block?
Yeah, my quick advice for writer's block is to literally walk outside and the first thing that you see, determine and promise yourself I will write one page about the first thing I see, whether it's a tree or a flower or whatever it is, and that just gets getting the keyboard flowing again, especially something that's organic outside. It touches parts of the brain that took millions of years to develop, and that connection to nature, that connection to
the natural world. Sometimes it just opens up what's inside of us and allows it to begin to come out. So get out of your office, get out of your house, get out of your room, walk outside, for a minute and the first thing of the natural world that really strikes you, walk back inside, write a full page about it.
Hell yeah, that's so great. That's like how to overcome writer's block. And instead of reading a whole book about how to overcome it's like.
Boom, here you go. I was like, you really are a doctor. That's a great prescription.
So what is your least favorite thing about your work or mythology in general, or just like your life and what you do.
You No, my least favorite thing is I wish I had more time us to be reading the millions of books out there that delve deeply into subjects I care about. If I could change anything about my life, it would be somehow to magically create space and time. When I go to the bookstore, when I go on Amazon and I buy a new book, I'm actually not buying that book. I am buying what I think will be the time I have to read that book. It makes me feel good to feel like I'm going to have time to
read that book, and that makes me feel good. I don't actually think that any of us have the sort of time we need to be the full people that we are, and so for me, you know it's not uncommon, but I would just have more time to delve even more deeply into the things I'm curious about.
So book wormery.
Book wormery is like my jam and my religion.
I would say, so your favorite thing about what you do.
My favorite thing about what I do is getting to understand the stories behind the stories. My life became much easier when, even though I'm a mythologist, I became My life became easier when I begin to understand that my life didn't boil down to a job description. My life is an ecosystem. And in that ecosystem of story, I have the mountains of mythology, and I have the rivers of story structure, and I have the deserts of writers blood. And I have all these things, and I spend time
at different parts of the ecosystem. But if I tend to that ecosystem of my own creativity in life's work, and I treat it like a living thing, I care for it differently, I love it differently, and I don't get angry with it in the same ways that I did before I understood the ecosystem of story and creativity.
God, I should apply that to my own life, but just the desert would be like emails, I gotta gotta Maybe that's just a delush, maybe that's a mom soon somewhere.
So where can people find you?
Yeah, I have a website called Telling a Better Story dot com. Please go check it out and you can see some of the different work that I do. Books, I've written TV shows, I've appeared on podcasts that I've been on. But also I'm really active on Twitter. So my Twitter handle is at John j O h n K b U c h e Er. Notice I spell it, I save people the trouble of having to pronounce it. But those those are probably the two easiest places to
find me. Yeah, I'm just I'm really fortunate to have a platform to get to talk about these things that I think are really important in life.
Story doctor change in lives, saving lives.
So get it all up in John Booker's website and Twitter. And to follow ologies, We're at ologies on Instagram and Twitter as well. Very straightforward. I'm at Ali Ward with one mail on Instagram, in Twitter, and to become a patron, you can visit patreon dot com slash Ologies. You can be a patron and get in the club for twenty five cents an episode pret cheap. You'll get sneak peak updates. You also hear what episodes are coming up next, and
you can submit questions for Theologists. And also you help support this ad free, completely independently produced podcast and pay for the editing, which is hugely important, and the hosting which keeps it running. Also, I hate the term sneak peek. I don't know why I said it. Whatever, you can also support for free. Just by subscribing, you can rate, review, tell friends about it. That's a huge support. Also, if anyone needs internship credits, holler at me at Hello Ali
Ward at gmail dot com. Perhaps you can help out behind the scenes. I was an intern in college learned a lot. I can't promise you that, but either way, send me an email if you're interested. Thank you Stephen Ray Morris for slicing this episode altogether, and to Aaron Talbert and Hannah Lippo for being admins on the Ology's podcast Facebook page, which is a great group of very funny,
curious human organisms. Thank you Shannon Feltis and Bonnie Dutch for helping with ologiesmerch dot com a really great online store a great way to support the podcast. Nick Thorburn wrote and performed the theme music. And I'm still in this hotel room in Portland. I'm leaving in a few minutes to go interview a zimologist about fermentation and beer making, and then an apologist about beekeeping and age. I know about maybe why I hate the word panties. So stay
tuned for those episodes. Those are coming up. If you listen to the end of the episodes, you know that I started telling a secrets just the thanks for sticking it through the credits, so I will let you know. I travel for work a lot, and for years and years and hotels, I was afraid to put the do not disturb sign up because I thought it literally meant like people are boning in heir, or like I'm doing things that you don't want.
To see, or in up because they're gross.
So for years, when the cleaning staff would open the door at like seven forty five in the morning, I'd be like, hey, I'm in here because I didn't put the sign up. And it's not until the last few months that I've started to just put it out if I'm sleeping. I like didn't realize that that do not disturb sign could also mean like I'm just sleeping anyway, That is that weird. Okay, so ask smart people dumb questions because they love it honestly, and questions are probably
not stupid at all. And anytime you ask a question, it's saying, hey, I'm curious and I want to learn from your brain, which I think is the highest compliment you can pay.
Okay, Bye bye, Pacaderman
College, bombiology or doo zoology, lithology, zechnology, meteorologyology, ethnology, zeriology, elisology,