Welcome to Nursing EDge Unscripted Saga where we use story to connect the past to the present and then our future as we reimagine our teaching and learning as we celebrate the NLN Year of the Nurse Educator. We pay tribute to extraordinary nurses who've made significant contributions to nursing education. We dive into the stories of nurse educators who recognized a need, challenged traditional customs, and influenced transformative
change. Over the past several months we have focused on the contributions of educators and thoughtful innovators and scholars who played a significant role in the National League for Nursing's Curriculum Revolution that occurred in the 1980s and 90s. Together they opened the door to new ways to think about curriculum dialogue, clinical judgment, and the power dynamics inherent in the teacher-student relationship.
We most recently celebrated the work of one of the most influential nurse educators of the past half century, Dr. Patricia Benner, Professor Emerita at the University of California San Francisco and currently Dean's Scholar at the University of Nevada Las Vegas. In those episodes, we discussed her novice to expert research
and work. In the next two episodes, we will turn our attention to her work with the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching that led to the landmark publication, Educating Nurses: A Call for Radical Transformation." The Carnegie Foundation is over a hundred years old and its sole mission is to do and perform all things necessary to encourage uphold and dignify the profession of teaching.
Led by its eighth president, Dr. Lee Shulman, the foundation launched a series of studies in the early 2000s focused on understanding the teaching and learning or signature pedagogies of five different professions. They began with clergy studies published in 2005. This was followed by law and engineering and
ended with nursing and medicine. The foundation was specifically interested in understanding the signature pedagogies of these professions and the lessons that could be learned and shared in the education of future teachers. Dr Schulman
In a talk delivered by Dr. Shulman in 2005 hosted by the National Research Council's Center for Education he introduced the importance of
When the Carnegie Foundation was ready to address the challenges of nursing education the work of Dr. Patricia Benner - social scientist and humanist, an experienced nurse, chaired professor, distinguished scholar, and a conscience to her profession - all characteristics cited by Dr. Schulman - was the natural choice. Dr. Benner led a team of scientists and researchers and close associates Drs. Molly Sutphen,
Victoria Leonard, and Lisa Day. The team worked with nine participating schools of nursing who provided interviews allowed for observation in their clinical sites, classrooms, and labs. They also worked closely with the collection of national nursing organizations to include the NLN, AACN, ANA, NCSBN, and NSNA to conduct three national surveys.
The Carnegie Foundation framework that underpinned the study of education in the professions clearly identified that professional education is a synthesis of three apprenticeships: a cognitive apprenticeship wherein one learns to think like a professional, a practical apprenticeship where one learns to perform like a professional, and a moral apprenticeship where one learns to think and act in a responsible and ethical manner that integrates across all three domains.
Dr. Benner and her colleagues conducted their study of the profession of nursing through this Carnegie lens. In their publication, "Transforming Nursing Education: A Call for Radical Transformation," early on they identified that the demands of practice require professionals to "learn constantly and integrate knowledge, skilled know-how, and ethical comportment." Their observations and interviews reviewed the intersections and relationships about
these three apprenticeships. They believed that "an educational experience that carefully integrated these three apprenticeships better prepares students to integrate them into professional practice." Throughout their report, they focus their findings on the importance of this integration during the educational experience.
In our next episode, we will take a deeper dive into Benner and colleagues' findings that made visible and carefully articulated the necessary changes to truly transform nursing education. And so the Saga continues and may our saga continue as we bring to a close this episode of Nursing EDge Unscripted Saga. Thank you for joining us