In this episode: 00:45 Piecing together the early history of jawed vertebrates A wealth of fossils discovered in southern China shed new light onto the diversity of jawed and jawless fish during the Silurian period, over 400 million years ago. Nature editor Henry Gee explains the finds and what they mean for the history of jawed vertebrates like us. Research article: Zhu et al. Research article: Gai et al. Research article: Andreev et al. Research article: Andreev et al. News and Views: Fossils ...
Sep 28, 2022•19 min
00:46 Inequalities in US faculty hiring In the US, where a person gained their PhD can have an outsized influence on their future career. Now, using a decade worth of data, researchers have shown there are stark inequalities in the hiring process, with 80% of US faculty trained at just 20% of institutions. Research article: Wapman et al. 09:01 Research Highlights How wildlife can influence chocolate production, and the large planets captured by huge stars. Research Highlight: A chocoholic’s best...
Sep 21, 2022•20 min
00:46 Synthetic cells made from bacterial bits For years researchers have been interested in creating artificial cells, as they could be useful for manufacturing compounds and understanding how life works. Now a new method shows how this can be accomplished using polymer droplets that integrate components of burst bacteria. The synthesised cells are able to perform translation and transcription and have several features that resemble real cells, like a proto-nucleus and a cytoskeleton. Research ...
Sep 14, 2022•20 min
00:46 Evidence of ancient surgery A skeleton with an amputated foot discovered in Borneo has been dated to 31,000 years ago, suggesting that complex surgery might be much older than previously thought. The person whose foot was removed survived the procedure, which the researchers behind the find say shows the ‘surgeon’ must have had detailed knowledge of anatomy, and likely had access to antiseptic compounds. Research article: Maloney et al. News and Views: A surgical dawn 31,000 years ago in B...
Sep 07, 2022•22 min
The development of brain chimaeras – made up of human and animal neurons – is an area of research that has hugely expanded in the past five years. Proponents say that these systems are yielding important insights into health and disease, but others say the chimeras represent an ethical grey zone, because of the potential to blur the line between humans and other animals, or to recapitulate human-like cognition in an animal. This is an audio version of our Feature: Hybrid brains: the ethics of tr...
Aug 26, 2022•24 min
In this episode: 00:45 How adding pores helps water carry gas Although water is an excellent solvent, it’s limited in its ability to dissolve gasses. To overcome this a team have developed ‘porous water’ containing tiny cages that can hold large numbers of gas molecules. The team suggest that this technology could have multiple medical applications, including in the development of artificial blood. Research article: Erdosy et al. News and Views: Suspended pores boost gas solubility in water 11:3...
Aug 24, 2022•31 min
00:47 Evidence of a proton’s charm For decades, scientists have debated whether protons have ‘intrinsic charm’, meaning they contain elementary particles known as charm quarks. Now, using machine learning to comb through huge amounts of experimental data, a team have shown evidence that the charm quark can be found within a proton, which may have important ramifications in the search for new physics. Research article: The NNPDF Collaboration News and Views: Evidence at last that the proton has i...
Aug 17, 2022•22 min
In this first episode of Nature's Take, we get four of Nature's staff around microphones to get their expert take on preprints. These pre-peer-review open access articles have spiked in number over recent years and have cemented themselves as an integral part of scientific publishing. But this has not been without its issues. In this discussion we cover a lot of ground. Amongst other things, we ask whether preprints could help democratise science or contribute to a loss of trust in scientists. W...
Aug 15, 2022•25 min
Cold exposure in mice activates brown fat to deny tumours glucose, and the future of extreme heatwaves. 00:45 How cold temperatures could starve tumours A team of researchers have found that exposing mice to the cold could starve tumour cells of the blood glucose they need to thrive. They showed that the cold temperatures deprived the tumours of fuel by activating brown fat – a tissue that burns through glucose to keep body temperature up. The team also showed preliminary evidence of the effect ...
Aug 10, 2022•22 min
00:47 The economic benefits of social connections By looking at data gathered from billions of Facebook friendships, researchers have shown that having more connections with people from higher income groups could increase future incomes by 20%. They also show how such connections can be formed, and how schools and other institutions could help to improve peoples’ opportunities in the future. Research Article: Chetty et al. Research Article: Chetty et al. News and Views: The social connections th...
Aug 03, 2022•23 min
Inequity has been a central feature of the COVID19 pandemic. From health outcomes to access to vaccines, COVID has pushed long-standing disparities out of the shadows and into the public eye and many of these problems are global. In this episode of Coronapod we dig into a radical new collaboration of 15 countries - co-led by the WHO, and modelled on open-science. The project, called the mRNA vaccine technology transfer hub, aims to create independent vaccine hubs that could supply the global sou...
Jul 29, 2022•35 min
00:45 Working out how the ability to digest milk spread Humans have been drinking milk for thousands of years, but it seems that they were doing so long before the ability to digest it became prevalent. Then around 2000 years ago, this ability became common in Europe, presenting a mystery to researchers – why then? Now by analyzing health data, ancient DNA, and fats residues from thousands of ancient pots, scientists have worked out what caused this trait to suddenly spread throughout Europe. Re...
Jul 27, 2022•28 min
00:46 When did mammals start to regulate their temperature? The evolution of ‘warm bloodedness’ allowed mammals to live in a more diverse range of habitats, but working out when this occurred has been difficult. To try and pin down a date, researchers have studied the fossilised remains of ancient mammals' inner ears, which suggest that this key evolutionary leap appeared around 230 million years ago. Research Article: Araujo et al. News and Views: Evolution of thermoregulation as told by ear 07...
Jul 20, 2022•29 min
00:46 A long-term record of climate in the tropics To understand the history of the Earth’s climate, researchers often rely on things like ice cores, which contain layered frozen insights of thousands of years of history. However, in the tropics long-term records like these have been absent. Now researchers have uncovered a sediment core in Peru which reveals around 700,000 years of climatic history. Research Article: Rodbell et al. News and Views: Sediment study finds the pulse of tropical glac...
Jul 13, 2022•29 min
In this Podcast Extra, Nature's Lizzie Gibney and Federico Levi take a deep-dive into the Higgs boson, describing their experiences of its discovery, what the latest run of the Large Hadron Collider might reveal about the particle's properties, and what role it could play in potential physics beyond the standard model. Nature News: Happy birthday, Higgs boson! What we do and don’t know about the particle Nature Editorial: Particle physics isn’t going to die — even if the LHC finds no new particl...
Jul 11, 2022•22 min
Since early in the pandemic, scientists have searched for signals of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by sampling wastewater. This surveillance method has provided vital information to inform public health responses. But the approach has never been particularly specific - pointing to broad trends rather than granular information such as which variants are spreading where. But now a team from the University of California have created two new tools to sample waste water in much greater detail - and spot va...
Jul 08, 2022•11 min
00:46 Happy birthday, Higgs boson - looking back at a momentous milestone for physics Ten years ago this week, scientists announced that they’d found evidence of the existence of the Higgs boson, a fundamental particle first theorised to exist nearly sixty years earlier. To celebrate this anniversary, we reminisce about what the discovery meant at the time, and what questions are left to be answered about this mysterious particle. Nature News: Happy birthday, Higgs boson! What we do and don’t kn...
Jul 06, 2022•30 min
In the first episode of our new series Nature hits the books , science journalist Ed Yong joins us to talk about his new book An Immense World , which takes a journey through the weird and wonderful realm of animal senses. In the show, we chat about how our human-centric view of the world has restricted researchers' understanding of animal senses, how to conceptualise what it might be like to be an electric-field sensitive fish, and what bees might make of us blushing... An Immense World , Ed Yo...
Jul 01, 2022•29 min
00:47 Enteric viruses may spread through saliva Enteric viruses, such as norovirus, cause a significant health burden around the world and are generally considered to only spread via the faecal-oral route. However, new research in mice suggests that saliva may also be a route of transmission for these viruses, which the authors say could have important public health implications. Research Article: Ghosh et al. 08:59 Research Highlights How devouring space rocks helped Jupiter to get so big, and ...
Jun 29, 2022•30 min
In the next year, no fewer than seven missions are heading to the Moon. While NASA's Artemis programme might be stealing most of the limelight, the United States is just one of many nations and private companies that soon plan to launch lunar missions. Although some of the agencies running these expeditions are providing scant details about the missions, it is hoped the they will provide streams of data about the Moon, heralding what scientists say could be a new golden age of lunar exploration....
Jun 27, 2022•19 min
After a long wait, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have finally approved two COVID vaccines for use in children between the ages of six months and five years old. But despite a unanimous decision amongst regulators, parents still have questions about whether to vaccinate their young children, with survey data suggesting that the majority do not intend to accept vaccines right away. In this episode of Coronapod, we dig into the trials...
Jun 24, 2022•22 min
00:38 The science of studying inequality We discuss the research looking to understand the root causes and symptoms of inequalities, how they are growing, and how a cross-disciplinary approach may be the key to tackling them. Editorial: Equity must be baked into randomized controlled trials News Feature: How COVID has deepened inequality — in six stark graphics Career Feature: The rise of inequality research: can spanning disciplines help tackle injustice? 07:26 The randomised trials helping to ...
Jun 22, 2022•32 min
00:46 Uncovering the origins of the Black Death The Black Death is estimated to have caused the deaths of up to 60% of the population of Europe. However, despite extensive research, the origin of this wave of disease has remained unclear. Now, by using a combination of techniques, a team have identified a potential starting point in modern day Kyrgyzstan. Research article: Spyrou et al. 06:57 Research Highlights The cocktails of toxins produced by wriggling ribbon worms, and a tiny thermometer t...
Jun 15, 2022•32 min
One of the most curious symptoms of COVID-19 is the loss of smell and taste. For most, this phenomenon is short lived, but for many around the world the symptom can persist for months or even years after the infection has cleared. Once a tell-tale sign of infection, this sensory disruption is now becoming characterised as a chronic problem and scientists are only recently getting clear answers about the mechanisms behind it. In this episode of Coronapod , we dig into the most recent studies on t...
Jun 11, 2022•20 min
00:33 A headbashing relative gives insights into giraffe evolution How the giraffe got its long neck is a longstanding question in science. One possibility is that giraffes evolved longer necks for sexual competition, with males engaging in violent neck-swinging fights. Now, a team have described fossils of an ancient giraffoid species with a thick headpiece adapted for fighting, which could add weight to this hypothesis. Nature News: How the giraffe got its neck: ‘unicorn’ fossil could shed lig...
Jun 08, 2022•18 min
Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) implanted in the brains of people who are paralysed are allowing them to control prosthetics that are restoring a range of skills. Although the field is relatively young, researchers are making rapid advances in the abilities that these implants can restore. In the past few years, commercial interest in BCIs has soared, but many hurdles remain before these implants can be brought to market. This is an audio version of our Feature: The brain-reading devices helpin...
Jun 06, 2022•22 min
00:47 The robot shoulder that exercises cells Recreating the movements that tendon cells experience as they develop in the human body is necessary for growing tissue for transplantation, but this has been difficult to achieve in a laboratory setting. Now, a team has developed a system that uses a robot shoulder to stretch and twist these cells, which they hope could be used to improve the quality of tissue grafts in the future. Research article: Mouthuy et al. Video: A robotic Petri dish: How to...
Jun 01, 2022•26 min
Despite the devastating loss of life caused by COVID-19, some researchers are arguing that the longest lasting impact of the pandemic will be on education. UN agencies calculate that more or less all school students on the planet - 1.6 billion - have faced an average of 4.5 months of school closures owing to the pandemic, the largest disruption to education in history. Teachers have been under immense pressure to keep their students happy and learning, but it is an uphill battle. In this episode...
May 30, 2022•14 min
00:45 The puzzle of Palaeospondylus Over a hundred years ago, palaeontologists discovered fossils of the aquatic animal Palaeospondylus . But since then researchers have been unable to place where this animal sits on the tree of life. Now, new analysis of Palaeospondylus ’s anatomy might help to solve this mystery. Research article: Hirasawa et al. News and Views: Clues to the identity of the fossil fish Palaeospondylus 08:18 Research Highlights A strong, silk-based version of mother of pearl, a...
May 25, 2022•27 min
00:47 The mystery of the missing dark matter Dark matter makes up most of the matter in the Universe, and is thought to be needed for galaxies to form. But four years ago, astronomers made a perplexing, and controversial discovery: two galaxies seemingly devoid of dark matter. This week the team suggests that a cosmic collision may explain how these, and a string of other dark-matter-free galaxies, could have formed. Research article: van Dokkum et al . News and Views: Giant collision created ga...
May 18, 2022•28 min
