EP2 | Cardiovascular | Aortic Stenosis

Explore Aortic Stenosis (AS), a significant heart valve condition discussed in our sources. Learn about the classic symptoms, including angina (chest pain), syncope (fainting), and signs of heart failure.

Discover why the appearance of symptoms like angina or syncope is a critical turning point, often indicating a significantly reduced average survival without intervention. We'll also touch on the physical examination findings that can hint at AS, such as a characteristic small volume slow rising pulse, a forceful apex beat, and the distinctive ejection systolic murmur that often radiates to the carotid arteries.

Delve into the diagnosis and management of Aortic Stenosis based on the sources. Understand the role of key investigations like Chest X-ray (CXR), Electrocardiogram (ECG), and especially the critical information provided by a 2D Echocardiogram, which can visualize the valve, assess left ventricular hypertrophy, and determine the pressure gradient and valve area.

We'll discuss the differential diagnoses to consider. Finally, learn about the general management strategies, including treating associated conditions like anemia and heart failure, and the specific treatments like Aortic Valve Replacement (AVR), which is often recommended for symptomatic patients and can significantly improve survival, as well as temporary measures like balloon valvotomy.