NATIVE BEAT

So for all you out there listening, make sure you grab the kids, grab the dog, grab your clothes, and whether the need or not, make sure they get washed at least once a week. So how are you? How you been doing, Tom? You're looking forward to the weekend.

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Nata Beet would also like to thank you our listeners for your continued support and tuning in with ash you we wouldn't be here. As they say in the Delaware language one niche speaking of the Delaware Lenape. We're going to dedicate this broadcast to the Lenape people to talk a little bit about their tribe. You know, it's one of the prominent tribes we have in this area because we have the Osage, the Cherokee, and the Lenape or Delaware.

We were talking a little bit before the broadcast, and as I mentioned, when they realie located the Delaware here, they knew that the oce Age and the Cherokee were kind of warring factions, and so they kind of sandwiched the Delaware between us to act as a buffer. Right my goodness. So evidently it worked because we're still on a war with each other and old grudges have died away.

So a little bit of background on the Lenape. They're called the Lena Lenape, which I understand now they've kind of dropped the whole Lennae, which actually that It's two antonyms, Lenny, which means the genuine or pure or real and a nab meaning real person or original person. So it's kind of an interesting thing, I think a lot of Native cultures because we kind of pride ourselves on being the first or being the original. For the Cherokee, it's where

the real people or the principal people, you know. So it's just sort of a recurring theme that you find throughout Native cultures anyway. The i Lenape has a long They have a long history. It reaches as far back as the arrival of the Europeans. Before then, since much has been lost over time, it's best to begin to

begin in the forest and waterways of the Hudson River Valley. UH. Their area of the La Nape Lands would cover New Jersey and Delaware, parts of southeastern Pennsylvania lying between the Susquehanna and the Delaware Rivers, and the southeastern part of New York State west of the Hudson, and this whole area was called the Lenape Hoaking that was kind of the homeland of the Nape. The Delaware people today can be found in small enclaves across the US and Canada,

and the population. The main populations reside in Oklahoma and Ontario, Canada, with families and individual tribal members scattered across North America. It's kind of the same way with the Cherokees. We

have Cherokees in all fifty states, in several countries. Perhaps, as George Carlin observed about the Lenape said, no other tribe on the continent has been so much moved and jostled about by civilized invasions, and none have retreated so far or fought their way so desperately as they have honorably and bravely contended for every foot of ground they have passed over. And I think that's kind of a wonderful tribute to the nominal spirit of the Lenape people.

They were calling them the absentee Delaware. Absentee was a description they were given early on because they had broken away from the main body of the tribe shortly after the American Revolution. I know that when we had conflicts, a lot of times the native tribes would take sides in those conflicts, and then they would kind of splinter afterwards. And I mean, we saw this in the American Revolution.

We've seen this in the Civil War. You know, anytime the United States has had a conflict that we've dealt with, natives have been right there at the forefront of that. A European promises of the inclusion of a fourteenth state and Indian state were made as enticement to sign a first Tree in the Ladapie had signed in seventeen seventy eight between the United States and the and the Indians.

Of course, no Indian state was ever declared, and by seventeen eighty two, continued expansion of the frontier and the violence that often erupted from that expansion, compelled the Delaware to move beyond the borders of the newly formed the United States and the Spanish territory west of the Mississippi River. In seventeen ninety three, the Delaware were given a land grant from the Governor General of Louisiana that they would share with the Shawneese. That's a tribe that you're familiar with.

This tract of land was located northwest the present day Cape Girardo, Missouri, and after eighteen fifteen, the Cape Giedo Delaware continued south and southwest into Arkansas and the Indian territories, while the main buy of the tribe continued to reside

in Ohio. After the Cape Grotto group began moving south, they would splendor into three groups, one group presiding along in the northeast Texas border, others near present day Nagadosius, Texas, and the third group near present day Buyers, Oklahoma, McCurtain County. These Delaware, along with the other band seeking a place to live, would find themselves removed from Texas three times before eventually settling on Wichita allotments in the Antarco and Antarc, Oklahoma.

Not until late twentieth centuries, the Absentee Delaware then the Delaware Tribe of western Oklahoma. They are now the finally recognized Delaware tribe. We know them today. They're right headquarter right here in Burnsville. And I think it's interesting to go back to their you know, you don't really appreciate just how timeless they are if you go back to

their creation story. Basically, it says that they'd prayed to their creator for the waters to rise, and the creator directed the people to a large hill and told them the camp on. It kind of reminds me of the Genesis story of a building the ark and then once the waters receeated the arc, you know, being on Mount air a Rarat. But as the ring continued to fall, the water began to pool and rise around them, so they moved to the very top of the hill. Once

again we have that theme of a flood story. As the water crept up toward them, wetting their feet, the hill began to tremble and shake, rising up with the people. Upon its back was the great tex Soks or turtle, who had been hiding beneath the hill for many years. And if you know anything about the Delaware culture, the turtle is a ubiquitous symbol. It's big, it is yeah. So anyway, the interesting thing about the story is there's a thing called the wall Olam, which is the red score,

and it's the recounting of where they came from. And the interesting is it was actually recorded what are known as mnemonic glyphs, which are somewhat similar to Egyptian hieroglyphics. These stories were to traditionally share it through storytelling, and at some point an individual decided to record the stories in new wooden strips. The assumption. By late nineteenth and twentieth century interpreters of the walam olum the world tradition was passed down from one person to another, which is

a very common theme in native cultures. The part of the story that is the most intriguing is what is called Book three of the wallamoaklum And, Verses fifteen through seventeen, and this is a quote. All of them said, they we'd go together to land, all who were free. The northerners were of one mine, and the Easterners were of one mind. It would be good to live on the

other side of the frozen water. Things turned out well for those who stayed at the shore of the frozen water hard as rocks, and for those of the great hollow Well and the Monogliphs were interpreted in the late nineteenth century by doctor Britain, and from this interpretation, the Wall of Oapland suggests two groups of people decide to leave their homelands and what is now modern day Siberia, moving across the once frozen bearing straight southward across the

Yukon until arriving at the headwaters of the Mackenzie and Columbia Rivers. Wow, so isn't that amazing? Yeah, because that's we're talking about the ice age. Really, we are, so that's actually how far it goes back. So basically, the Delaware were divided up into three clans, the Wolf clan, do Anami which is the turtle clan, and the Turkey clan.

And the other interesting thing is the Lenape. They put a prize on belonging to clans, just like the Cherokee did, and they had a matrilineal clan system, you know, meaning that it was all sort of descended, you know, through

your mother. You got your clan from your mother. The interesting thing about that is the father, who you would expect, like in our culture, like an English culture, to teach you all the things that you need to know to survive and hunting and stuff like that, it didn't follow to him. It actually fell to the mother's brother because he was part of that clan, whereas the father was usually from a different clan. So that's how being a

matrilineal society and matrilocal is what they call that. That's basically how the hereditary leadership was passed through the matrilineal line. It was interesting because even the women elders could remove leaders of whom they disapproved, and I know the Cherokee we would have elder women on our workouncils. So, I mean, that's sort of sort of a unique sort of thing when you think about it. Going back a couple hundred years,

members of each clan were found throughout Lenape territorium. While clan mothers controlled the land, the houses, and the families, the clan fathers provide the meat, cleared the fields, built the houses, and protected the clan. Upon reaching adulthood, a Lenape mel would marry outside of his clan for obvious reasons, and the practice effectively prevented inbreeding, even among individuals whose

kinship was obscure or unknown. So that's that's another thing that you see throughout Cherokee culture too, is that you would actually marry outside your clan, and of course, you know, we know the reason for that. The other thing is the Europeans when they would deal with Lenape tribes, they would sort of misinterpret this whole matrilineal focus and they would they would sort of make agreements with certain people that were in the tribe, and those really weren't people

in authority. You could make agreements with the lines. A little bit of the confusion as to you know, how land was transferred Yeah, things like that. Yeah, So anyway, today, the Delaware Tribe of Indians is one of the three federally recognized tribes of Delaware Indians in the United States, is a branch of Delaware, commonly known here based in Barsel. As we said, tribal membership is limited to descendants of Delaware people in the nineteen oh six tribal roles from

in the territory. There is no minimum blood quantum a requirement, and they're often called We talked about this before. They're often called the Grandfathers because they were respected by other tribes as peacemakers and often served to settle disputes between rivaling tribes. They're also known for being fierce and tenacious warriors when they had to fight. However, they prefer to

be peaceful. In fact, even today, like when we attend the Delaware event, we usually give thanks to our Delaware hosts as the Grandfather Tribe because you just as we described in the glyphs, you know, the history of that tribe goes back to the Ice Age, So I mean

it's definitely it really is the Grandfather Tribe. The treaties and land cells that were signed with the Europeans because the Delaware believed, actually, the Delaware are those treaties we talked about, They kind of believe they're more like leases. They'd realized they were binding for the amount of time that they were. The Delaware had no idea what land was was and something that could be sold. They believed the land belonged to the creator and they were only

using it to shelter and feed their people. The Delaware people signed the First Indian Treaty with the newly formed the United States government in seventeen seventy eight nontheless the war and peace through war in peace, the Delaware would continue to give up lands and move westward, first Ohio, then the Indiana, Missouri, Kansas, and finally Indian Tory which is now Oklahoma, two different migrations. Small small band of chart Delawares left the group in the late seventeen hundreds

and today located antadarchic Oklahoma ows the Delaware Nation. Small contingents of Delawares fled to Canada during a time of extreme persecution and today occupy two reserves in Ontario and are known as the Munsey Delaware Nation. In eighteen sixty seven, after dealing with the United States on a government to government basis. The ancestors of the Delaware Tribe of Indians to relocate to Oklahoma to live within the Cherokee Nation.

The Delaware Tribe of Indians operated automously within the lands of the Cherokee Nation, and after passage of the nineteen seventy two Appropriations Act, the Delaware Tribe of Indians sought federal recognitions separate from the Cherokee Nation, and in nineteen seventy five it was granted. And that's kind of interesting because that's also the same year that the Cherokee Nation was granted its sovereignty and able to elect its own chief, basically the first time in a very long time in

its history. In nineteen seventy nine, the Bureau of Indian Affairs revoked the status. The BIA had determined that the Department of the Interior would generally engage in government to government relations with the Delaware Tribe only through the Cherokee Nation, and that the Department went engaged in direct relations of the Delaware Tribes solely with respect to the tribe's claims

against the United States. Then in ninety one, the Delaware Tribe of Indians regained their federal recognition by the Secretary of Interior. However, the Cherokee Nation disagreewed the decision filed suit against the BIA and the Secretary. This led of the Delaware tribe losing federal record again in two thousand

and four. After years and negotiations, the issues were finally resolved, and on July twenty eight, two thousand and nine, the United States Department of the Interior notified the tribal office in Barnesville that the Delaware given once again a federally recognized tribe. Say, as you can see that recognition has been fleeting at some moments, but I think it's a testament really to the resiliency of the Delaware people. We

need they continue to fight for all these centuries. Before we go today, we have a few announcements we don't want to forget. This month's prize giveaway for our listeners. It's a newly released illustrated guide to the Cherokee syllabary that helps you learn proper pronunciation. It's written by Brad

Wagman and illustrated by Beth Anderson. You can go to the Barswow Radio Facebook page and drop a feather in the comments section for a chance to win, and our winner will be announced during our broadcast on August fifth. Nice As always, don't forget to check out our Cherokee community Facebook pages for the latest events, news and meetings, Washington Kind of Cherokee Association, Cherokee Cultural Community and Dewey

know Way to Cherokee Community Foundation. In the Native American Fellowship in South Coffeeville, I encourage everyone, whether Cheroke here or not, to find a community and get involved. As with many organizations I see across the board, the membership is aging and we need younger people to get involved and help carry on our culture, traditions and language before they are lost. One of the things that struck me in prepping for the last broadcast that are in the

Cato tribe. That tribe has two Native speakers left. That's it too. And we talked about the Cherokee Nation. In fact, Cherokee Nation in nineteen seventy five, I believe we had about twenty five thousand Native speakers. Now we have less than a thousand, so it's definitely something that is it's a crisis. You know, we need to preserve our language and we now preserve our culture and also I would recommend that everyone check out the Delaware websites and the

Osage Facebook pages. They always have something fun and cultural only meaningful happening. I ask our listeners not to forget the Teton Trade Cloth Store located at one sixty Southwest Frank Phillips Boulevard and the Johnstone Sair Building or their location at the Eastland Shopping Center. You can also shop

all eye at the Tetontrade Cloth dot com. Cherokee Nation is a career services office located the Cherokee Culture Community in Dewey, seven hundred East Durham, but it has been temporarily closed because I've been working on the floors there for those wishing to use those services called nine one eight five was six seven nine five nine the Speaking of our Lenape Friends. August third, the Cultural Preservation Committee will be hosting a shell shaking class led by Sarah Boyd.

Sarah will be discussing the history of shell shaker cans, etiquette, and basic shell shaking. This is an all ages class open anyone interested in learning or helping to teach others. Attendees are encouraged to bring cans if you have them, that will be August third, from eleven thirty three at the Delaware Tribal Complex Headquarters, beautiful location. As we were

discussing earlier once we'll be provided at noon. The Washington County Cherokee Association, located near Ocean Lady, would like to invite everyone to our monthly potluck dinner. August Potluck will be August first, from six pm. Our guest presenter will be Feather Smith, ethno Biology manager for Cherokee Nation. Feather works in the Cherokee Nation's heirloom Garden and native plant site.

It's been working to grow package in one thousand and five thousand packages of Cherokee airloom native plant seeds that are sent to Cherokee citizens and educational organizations. She also gives tours to the Airloom Guard, a native plant site, and travels to give presentations on Cherokee ethnobiology and helps out not far from Barnsville with eagle nests monitoring at

the George Mish Suttnavian Research Center. Washington County Cherokee Association is located just east of the Kouyskoui Health Clinic on County Road twenty nine hundred one a half miles west of Highway seventy five. We'd love to see you out there. Also, be sure to catch our friends Chris Crane and amyed Dollar with fribid journeys on our sister station, the mighty sixth ninety KGGF. Check out their Facebook page. Tune in to catch the next edition of Native Beat August fifth,

at nine to forty five am. We guest Steve Burr, president of the Washington County Cherokee Association. We'll be talking about the art of flint mapping. I've been attempting to learn this skill and let me tell you, Tom, it is an art. I mean it's a skill, but it's definitely an art. You can catch Native Beat on the barswol Radio Facebook page or on demand to the bar

with radio app are at the Apple Store. A big wadaou as we say in Cherokee Nation, Wanishi as they say of the Delaware, and wanshi as the Osage would say, and total of you listening Doda to gohai until we meet again.