Fakultät für Geowissenschaften - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU

Microbial diversity of coralline sponges

Magnetotactic bacteria in sediment

Ontogenetic, macroevolutionary and morphofunctional patterns in archosaur skulls

The Archosauria represent the most successful clade within tetrapods, having a large diversity in terms of species, diet spectra, body plans and locomotion styles. This is also true for the skull morphology, which shows a wide variety in shape and size, as well as in the common formation of beaks, crests, domes or horns. Archosaur skulls have been studied intensively in terms of their morphology, ontogeny, function, ecology and behavior in the past, but most of these studies have largely been re...

Validation and statistical downscaling of ERA-Interim reanalysis data for integrated applications

The evolutionary history and taxonomy of Aphanius (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) species in Iran and the Persian Gulf region

Strain localisation during dome-building eruptions

Volcanic landscapes often present advantages for people who inhabit the surrounding areas, but the increasing numbers of people threatened by potential activity increases as these settlements grow. It is thus of vital importance to glean as much information as possible by monitoring active volcanoes (including seismicity, ground deformation, gas flux and temperature changes). Although volcanic behaviour can be difficult to predict, precursory information can often be identified retrospectively (...

Die Schildkröten der Gattung Ptychogaster POMEL, 1847

Die Gattung Ptychogaster POMEL, 1847 (REPTILIA, TESTUDINES) gehört zur Familie der Geoemydidae und wurde vom Mittel-Eozän bis zum Ober-Miozän in Mitteleuropa nachgewiesen. Es handelt sich um Sumpfschildkröten mit einer, je nach Spezies, mehr oder weniger terrestrisch/amphibischen Lebensweise. Wesentliche Charakteristika der Gattung sind der mobile Plastronhinterlappen, die frühe Ankylose der Knochenplatten des Panzers, die testudinide Neuralreihe, das emydine Pygale und die charakteristische For...

Von der Abfallpolitik zu einer nachhaltigen Stoffstrompolitik

Rheology of Martian lava flows

In recent years, high-resolution topographic images from Mars’ surface as well as mineralogical and chemical data, have rapidly become more accessible. Martian volcanic landforms are characterized by giant low slope shield volcanoes, abundant lava flood plains and long lava flows. In-situ rock analysis and remote sensing spectroscopy reveal mainly basaltic compositions with particularly high iron concentrations, distinct from terrestrial basalts. As yet, very little is known about the rheologica...

From supramolecular self-assembly to two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks

The two main subjects of this thesis are the realization of supramolecular self-assembled monolayers at surfaces and the formation of surface-supported two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks. Both topics, albeit different, yield long-range ordered open-pore networks with quite different stabilities, depending on the strength and type of bonds holding them together. The surface of choice is mainly graphite, which is considered an inert substrate. Graphite yields pristine clean, very large an...

Verständnis und Vorhersage von Oberflächen- und Grenzflächeneigenschaften komplexer Übergangsmetalloxide mittels Dichtefunktionaltheorie-Rechnungen

Der Einsatz von Data Mining und Machine Learning in der See-Ökosystem-Modellierung

Die Dissertation untersucht die Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Data Mining und Machine Learning in der Entwicklung empirischer Modelle für See-Ökosysteme. Am Beispiel des Ammersees werden hierzu ein Modell zur Berechnung der Wasseroberflächentemperatur aus Lufttemperaturdaten, ein Modell zur Bestimmung der Zirkulationsverhältnisse im Winter sowie ein Modell für den Stoffhaushalt vorgestellt. Anhand dieser Modelle wird unter Verwendung von REMO-UBA-Klimadaten die Entwicklung des Ammersees bis 2050 simu...

From building blocks to 2D networks

The aim of this work is to further the understanding of the important parameters in the formation process of 2D nanostructures and therewith pioneer for novel applications. Such 2D nanostructures can be composed of specially designed organic molecules, which are adsorbed on various surfaces. In order to study true 2D structures, monolayers were deposited. Their properties have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions as well as under ambie...

Multi-dimensional characterization of soil surface roughness for microwave remote sensing applications

Active tectonics of the Lower Rhine Graben (NW Central Europe)

Identification of active seismogenic faults in low-strain intraplate regions is a major challenge. The understanding of intraplate earthquakes is hampered by the spatiotemporal scattering of large earthquakes and by barely detectable strain accumulation. In populated humid regions, both hillslope and anthropogenic processes are important challenges to the recognition of potentially active faults. The Lower Rhine Graben is the NW segment of the European Cenozoic Rift System. It is a prime example...

Bildungseinrichtungen im sozialen und räumlichen Kontext

Die Stadtplanung ist zunehmend mit sozialräumlichen Segregationsprozessen und „gespaltenen Städten“ konfrontiert, die mit gesellschaftlicher Marginalisierung und Ausgrenzung sozial benachteiligter Bevölkerungsgruppen einhergehen. Insbesondere Kinder und Jugendliche mit Migrationshintergrund wachsen zum Teil in problembelasteten Stadtvierteln auf, in denen die einheimische Bevölkerung zur Minderheit geworden ist, was zur Entwicklung von Parallelgesellschaften oder ethnischen Enklaven führen ...

Magnetite in organisms and the biophysics underlying magnetoreception

Land-atmosphere coupling between a land surface hydrological model and a regional climate model

Multiscale analysis of soil moisture using satellite and aircraft microwave remote sensing, in situ measurements and numerical modelling

Combining experimental volcanology, petrology and geophysical monitoring techniques

In general, an understanding of the complex processes acting before and during volcanic eruptions is approached from various different sides, e.g. laboratory experiments on fragmentation and/or bubble burst eruption mechanisms, petrological analysis of the eruptive products and various geophysical monitoring and source localization techniques. Each of these techniques can deliver valuable insights by adding pieces of information about the physical processes that drive the volcanic activity. Howe...

Volcanic glass - an ideal paleomagnetic recording material?

Volcanic glass is often considered an ideal recording material for paleointensities. Experiments to determine the ancient field intensity are time consuming and mostly have low success rates. Studies have shown that the usage of glassy samples can increase success rates very much as the remanence carriers are in or close to the single domain range. Further, effects like magnetic anisotropy and cooling rate correction can be corrected for. The aim of this thesis is to clarify whether an ideal beh...

Coupled land surface and radiative transfer models for the analysis of passive microwave satellite observations

Soil moisture is one of the key variables controlling the water and energy exchanges between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere. Therefore, remote sensing based soil moisture information has potential applications in many disciplines. Besides numerical weather forecasting and climate research these include agriculture and hydrologic applications like flood and drought forecasting. The first satellite specifically designed to deliver operational soil moisture products, SMOS (Soil Moisture and Oce...

GPS analysis

Satellitengestützte geodätische Messmethoden, insbesondere GPS (Global Positioning System), sind von zunehmender Bedeutung in den Geowissenschaften und erlauben neue Einblicke in verschiedenste geophysikalische Prozesse. Zeitreihen hochpräziser Positionsmessungen von Punkten auf der Erdoberfläche ermöglichen unter anderem die Bestimmung von Relativgeschwindigkeiten tektonischer Einheiten, die Messung von Verformungsraten der Kruste an aktiven Störungen und Vulkanen und erlauben es Rückschlüsse a...

Paleomagnetic quantification of neogene block rotations within an active transtensional plate boundary, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Anisotropy of magnetic remanence

The discontinuous galerkin approach for 3D seismic wave propagation and 3D dynamic rupture modeling in the case of a complex fault system

Energy regime of the geodynamo during the Cretaceous Normal Superchron via paleosecular variation and paleointensity

The Earth's magnetic field underwent hundreds of reversals during its history. But within a ~40 Myr span (84-125 Ma) during the Cretaceous no reversal happened. For comparison, the second longest chron length during the last 167 Ma is ~5 Myr. Thus, the ~40 Myr long chron is known as a superchron and is called Cretaceous Normal Superchron (CNS). Two other superchrons are now established: the Permian-Carboniferous Reversed Superchron and the Ordovician Reversed Superchron. Why do these superchrons...

Quantification of landscape evolution on multiple time-scales

Essential information about the activity or even the mechanics of tectonic and erosional processes can be extracted from their surface expression. For this purpose, it is necessary to appropriately constrain the temporal as well as the spatial framework, in which to consider a specific process. While recently developed dating techniques, such as thermochronology or radiocarbon dating, allow to assess the age of landforms and therefore rates of tectonic and erosional processes, detailed spatial i...

Rahmenkriterien für die didaktische Umsetzbarkeit von Modellen und Modell-Experimenten im Geographieunterricht

Evolution and ecology of antarctic sponges

Sponges are abundant and species-rich in Antarctic waters, and play important roles in the benthic ecosystems of the continent. The taxonomy of Antarctic sponges is, to some extent, well established, yet the phylogenetic relationships of this fauna remain unknown. Here, the first contributions to the knowledge of the evolution of Antarctic sponges are presented. A molecular phylogeny for the common Antarctic shelf glass sponge genus Rossella is provided. Based on nuclear and mitochondrial marker...