How Otto the Great Restored the Holy Roman Empire

The Saxons were Charlemagne's greatest foe, yet it was a Saxon family that restored his empire. This is the story of the first Ottonians: Henry the Fowler & Otto the Great.

Sources & further reading:

- Warfare in Medieval Europe c.400-c.1453 (Bernard S. Bachrach, David S. Bachrach)

- Warfare in Tenth-Century Germany (David S. Bachrach)

- The Costs of Fortress Construction in Tenth-Century Germany: The Case of Hildagsburg

- Medieval Germany, 500–1300: A Political Interpretation (Benjamin Arnold)

- Early Medieval Europe 300-1000 (Roger Collins)

- Germany in the Early Middle Ages 800-1056 (Timothy Reuter)

- The Medieval Empire in Central Europe: Dynastic Continuity in the Post-Carolingian Frankish Realm, 900-1300 (Herbert Schutz)

- The Restoration of Rome: Barbarian Popes and Imperial Pretenders (Peter Heather)

- The Civilization of the Middle Ages (Norman Cantor)