Welcome to Criminalia, a production of Shonda Land Audio in partnership with I Heart Radio. One hundred and one years ago, the New York Times reported quote fighting continues in mountains as federal troops reached Mingo planes reported bombing miners in the conflict between the West Virginia coal miners and the coal mining companies escalated to violence not seen in the United States since the Civil War, and it resulted in
multiple charges of treason. Welcome to Criminalia, I'm Maria Tru Marquis, and I'm Holly Fry. In the United States, the Labor Day holiday pays tribute to the contributions and achievements of American workers, and it's traditionally observed on the first Monday in September. It's been a federal holiday since four In West Virginia, and Uptember of one, Labor Day was not spent at the grill as many Americans might now traditionally spend that day. It was spent fighting for the rights
of miners in coal country. Long standing grievances between coal miners and their employers culminated just around Labor Day weekend that year, in an event that became known as the Battle of Blair Mountain. By its end, hundreds of miners and union sympathizers were charged, some with murder, some with conspiracy, and a few with treason. We're going to be talking about the nineteen twenties, but we're gonna go back just
a little bit more on the timeline for some background. First, beginning in the late eighteen hundreds, the coal fields in three of West Virginia's counties, Mingo, Logan, and McDowell Counties operated under a company town system. A company town is a place where all your needs are taken care of by the company you work for, At least in theory, being a miner meant you lived in a company town. You lived in a company owned house, You bought all your food and supplies at the company store. You sent
your kids to the company school. You read the company used paper, obeyed the company employed police. Your pay was docked for the costs of your housing, medical care, and tools you used for your job. In the minds, you get what's going on here, I'm sure. And because the mining companies controlled essentially every single aspect of your life, they could do whatever they wanted to with it, pay
you low wages. They sure did, and they paid those wages in something called script, which was a company tender, a substitute for government issued legal currency. That's right, miners weren't actually paid in actual US dollars. It's not hard to see through this description how mining companies and company towns really trapped miners and their families in a cycle inescapable poverty. Mining as a way to make a living
was also in itself just really dangerous. At the turn of the twentieth century, Fatal on site accidents such as roof collapses, explosions, and fires were frequent, and then health problems such as black lung disease, which occurs when coal dust is inhaled, claimed miners as well as their families. Mind safety laws in West Virginia were the weakest in the country at the time, and the laws that did exist had few, if any provisions to ensure their enforcement.
Let's talk about these mines. Conditions in the mines were deplorable. The United Mine Workers of America wanted larger representation and union membership in that region of West Virginia. The union was founded in January through the merger of two preceding groups, The Nights of Labor Trade Assembly Number and the National Progressive Miners Union. It was modeled after the American Federation of Labor and was the culmination of decades of effort.
The mine operators had long kept all unions out of this region, and not just by politely refusing their requests. They used intimidation and violence to get their way. It was commonplace for a company to pressure their employees to sign what was known as a yellow dog contract, which was a pledge that the employee would not organize. Coal mining companies in Mingo County, West Virginia and the surrounding region reacted to the union by hiring only non union workers.
On top of that, they strictly enforced the line item in their employment contracts that included union membership as grounds for immediate termination. Because miners lived in company towns, immediate termination also meant immediate eviction from your home. The mining companies employed private muscle hired from the Baldwin fell It's Detective Agency to harass striking miners and their families and to enforce their eviction from company owned homes. As a
miner living in a company town, you owned nothing. You had nothing. The Battle of Blair Mountain didn't happen out of nowhere. In Pennsylvania, during the sixteen month Westmoreland County coal strike of nineteen ten and nineteen eleven, sixteen people were killed, all of them striking miners or members of
their families. After families had been evicted from company owned housing, built a tent colony, and estimated twenty people, including women and children, were killed because of it by local police,
hired guns, and Colorado National Guardsmen. During Colorado Coal Field War of nineteen and nineteen fourteen, nine years before the events at Blair Mountain, miners who were striking for greater union recognition clashed with armed agents from Baldwin Felts who had been hired by the mining companies to enforce those company rules. They terrorized the town. The agents forced families
at gunpoint from their company owned homes. They drove through a tent colony of evicted miners while spraying machine gun fire, killing at least one person. In nine fourteen, those same Baldwin Felt's agents burned alive women and children in a mining camp seller at Ludlow, Colorado, historian Lawn Savage described the laborers as oppressed and angry and who could blame them quote. They had been crushed and killed on their jobs and fired from them when they tried to organize
a union. He wrote, they had been evicted from their company homes and machine gunned in their union tents. Periodically. They had risen in fury. There was a history of violence against miners and their families, all of which contributed to the Blair Mountain uprising. We're going to take a break forward from our sponsor right now, and when we return, we're going to meet a man named Don Chapin, the sheriff of Logan County, West Virginia. Welcome back to Criminalia.
In nine, West Virginia coal miners began their march in protest of working conditions and wages, and here is how they found themselves at war in West Virginia. On May twelve, men were killed during what's known as the mate Wan massacre. The event galvanized support for the United Mine Workers, which had started to organize miners in Mingo County that summer. In response, the coal mining companies brought in non union replacement workers, and over the next several months, the union
and the owners engaged in a fierce battle. Thirteen Baldwin Felts agents arrived in the town of Maitland under order by the coal mining companies to evict all families of any striking miners from company owned housing. When Mate one, mayor Cabal Testerman, caught wind of the plan, he, along with the chief of police at Hatfield, confronted them near the local train station. Upon their arrival, a heated argument
quickly escalated. Hatfield, a union sympathizer, attempted to arrest the agents when suddenly a gunfight broke out between agents and miners. Seven Baldwin Felts men, two miners, and the mayor were
all killed during this fight. In less than a year, in retaliation for the events of that day, Hatfield was assassinated by Baldwin Felts men as he entered the McDowell County courthouse, and that turned out to be one of the breaking points for the miners, wrote the Sheriff of Mingo County in May of murder by laying in wait and shooting from ambush has become common. The Blair Mountain conflict was a result of decades of unrest and it was part of what are called the Coal Wars, or
sometimes the Mind Wars. Which was a series of armed labor disputes in the United States, mainly in Appalachia and roughly between the years eighteen ninety and nineteen thirty. It was the bloody, violent climax of these coal miner versus coal company conflicts that took place in the early nineteen twenties. During the Battle of Blair Mountain, ten thousand West Virginia coal miners marched in protest of perilous working conditions, squalid housing,
and low wages, among other grievances. Their march began in the small town of Marmot with the intention of reaching Mingo County a few days away to meet with the coal companies and make their demands known. Ultimately, they planned to free miners in Mingo County who had been arrested and held in jail on charges for violating the martial law that the governor had in posed on that county
because of similar unrest. To get to Mingo, though they first had to cross through Logan County, the miners never made it past the mountain. They did not reach their goal. They found themselves battling Logan County Sheriff Don Chaffin's deputized citizen Army of coal company supporters, commonly referred to by the nickname the Czar of Logan. Chaffin was in the pocket of the coal companies and received large amounts of
cash from coal mine operators to suppress unionization. He commanded a citizen army in the Battle of Blair Mountain in an effort to squash union efforts. Chafen, let's say he's an interesting man. Most coal operators hired private security, such as guards from the Baldwin Felts Detective Agency. Basically, they hired thugs to do their negotiating for them. In Logan County, though it was a little different, coal mine operators relied
on Sheriff Don Chafin and his deputies. Volunteers in Chaffin's army included middle class teachers, shopkeepers, and generally other white collar workers who feared the union and the miners. Chafan earned a lot of money working for coal companies. For instance, during the Pink Creek Cabin Creek uprising of nineteen twelve, he took in nearly three thousand dollars a month. Operators paid him almost thirty eight thousand dollars for his and I'm going to air quote this work as a county
clerk during the year nineteen nineteen. They had just spent that money on helping their actual employees. It seems so easy, No way. In August of one, union and union sympathizing miners began to gather. They're planned first stop in Logan County, it said, was at the very least to unseat Sheriff Chaffin, So accounts suggests that they had more murderous plans. Chafan
just could not be avoided. The miners were going to have to move through Logan County en route to their destination and pass an anti union sheriff known for declaring quote, no armed mob will cross the Logan County line. Chaffin's makeshift army constructed a network of machine gun nests and trenches around Blair Mountain, a two thousand foot peak that stood directly in the miner's path. Led by union organizers Frank Keeney and Fred Mooney, the miners made plans to
confront the coal companies. To quote minor and Baptist Reverend John Wilburn, it is time to lay down the Bible and take up the rifle. By August, the miners were
heading south towards Mingo County. During a meeting with the War Departments General Harry Bandholtz, though Keeney and Mooney were advised that any of my lance would prove disastrous for both the Union and the miners, and the two men tried to call off the march, but after two miners died fighting with Chaffin's deputized forces, any idea of ceasefire talks ended. Four days later, on August, those ten thousand miners had reached the border of Logan County and they
had begun exchanging gunfire with coal company supporters. Their makeshift uniform was blue bib overalls and a red bandana tied around their necks to distinguish friend from foe among themselves, that, it turns out, is the origin of today's often used in a derogatory manner term redneck. They wore them in
solidarity and they self named as the Redneck Army. There was gunfire exchanged, but the first heavy fighting happened on August thirty one, when a group of about seventy five miners, led by Reverend Wilburn, happened upon a group of Chafen's forces on a wooded ridge. Each side called to the other for the password, and neither side answered correctly. The ensuing shootout killed three deputies and one miner. That same day, the miners began a two pronged assault on the area
Chafin was holding. Miners ran up the mountain side, but were pushed back down with machine gun fire from higher ground. So up and down, and up and down, until the next morning, when a detachment of miners with a gatling gun they had looted from a company store drove an assault. Chaffin's forces fought back with more machine gun fire. Of course, quote machine guns cracked up there, so you would think the whole place was coming down on you, Miner Ira
Wilson later recalled. But after a few hours of heavy fire the enemy machine gun jam the miners surged in, but they were met with heavy machine gun fire from another gunner positioned farther up the ridge. Chaffin's forces were just ridiculou a less lee well armed. Not only were they equipped with machine guns, he had also chartered three private biplanes and equipped them with tear gas and pipe bombs loaded with nuts and bolts as shrapnel. None of
this was financed by Chaffin. It was all supplied by the Coal Operators Association. Chafin did order the planes to drop those home made explosives over two of the miners strongholds, but as far as we know, there were no casualties from that particular assault. The Battle of Blair Mountain ended with the arrival of the United States Army on September one. President warrengey Harding ordered federal troops from Fort Thomas, Kentucky,
to the scene. This really changed the outcome of this engagement. The conflict ended when the military, represented by the West Virginia Army National Guard and led by McDowell County native William Eubank's intervened by presidential order. Fourteen planes fully armed for combat were dispatched to the state, but were used for surveillance only. The infantry units began arriving the next day.
When faithd with fighting the United States Army that was upwards of twenty seven thousand soldiers, many of the miners surrendered. A small contingency continued fighting against Chaffin until September four, but soon after all battle weary miners ended up surrendering to US forces or just returned to their homes. There were casualties. In total, between fifty and one hundred striking miners were killed, plus many more were displaced by evictions
and violence. There's no full count here. Another nine hundred and eighty five were arrested. Between ten and thirty of Sheriff Chaffin's local deputies were killed, Three soldiers in the National Guard were killed, and it's estimated that nearly one million rounds of ammunition had been fired. The Battle of Blair Mountain was considered a tactical law enforcement slash military victory, and in the eyes of the coal mining companies, Chaffin
emerged as a hero. Yeah a hero because in their eyes, he stopped the union from entering and that then allowed him to charge even higher fees for his services. Chaffin remained sheriff until nineteen twenty four, so not a whole lot longer, but his duties ended when he was charged and convicted of illegally operating an establishment that sold liquor.
West Virginia Governor Eli Morgan sought federal charges against all miners who had surrendered to federal troops, but the federal government declined to bring charges against them, and instead continued its ongoing Senate investigation into the conditions of American coal mines.
Without those federal charges, the state of West Virginia decided to prosecute the miners itself, and, beginning in ninety two, state indicted more than five hundred miners on charges that included murder, conspiracy to commit murder, accessory to murder, and treason. While there were multiple indictments, the charge that caught the
attention of pretty much everyone was that of treason. And we're going to focus on the treason trial of a man we haven't actually mentioned yet, union organizer, William H. Blizzard. We are going to take a break here for a word from our sponsors, and when we return, we'll get to know who Bill Blizzard was and why he became the face of these treason trials. Welcome back to Criminalia. Let's talk about the time West Virginia put an American
union organizer on trial for treason. Bill Blizzard was born in Cabin Creek, West Virginia, on September nineteenth two, to a family of immigrants from Ireland. He was a coal miner by age ten and grew up to be an American union organizer. Union work seemed to have been in his blood. His mother, Mary Harris, was the legendary labor organizer known as Mother Jones, who was once labeled quote the most dangerous woman in America. The label was given
to her by a U. S District attorney. Her rise to fame came from her prominence as a passionate and lively orator, and she became a fearless organizer for the mine workers during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Her son, Bill is important to the Blair Mountain events because he was considered the leader or also sometimes considered the general, of the marching miners. The state of West Virginia charged twenty people with treason, including miners and including
union activist Bill Blizzard. Blizzards trial took place during the spring and summer of two and it happened in the second floor courtroom of the Jefferson County Courthouse in Charlestown, West Virginia. Jefferson County is about two d and fifty miles away from the scene of the conflict. At the courthouse was chosen in an attempt to ensure an impartial jury. There were no coal mines in that part of the state.
At this time in America's history, a treason trial like this one wasn't high stakes just for the men on trial. It was also high stakes for the bigger and struggling labor movement in the country. If the prosecution one, the punitive anti union tactics used by the coal companies could become legitimized. So this was big, like big big. It
was about the largest labor uprising in American history. One thing about this trial, no matter what county it was held in, those treason charges were considered really shaky at best, but it was thought that the strongest case was against
Bill Blizzard. In fact, believing that the trees and charges were quote improper, the prosecutor for Jefferson County, a person named John T. Porterfield, recused himself and declared the trials as a whole to be quote a waste of scarce resources and mean spirited vendettas Attorney C. W. Assington and A. M. Belcher, referred to together as the Coal Dust Twins by the miners because of their close working relationship the coal mine operators,
took his place as the prosecution team. The defense was led by Thomas Townsend, a lawyer for the United Mine Workers, along with Harold Houston, who had previously and often worked closely with the union. The case was overseen by Judge J. M. Woods because the prosecuting attorney for Jefferson County, John T. Porterfield, as well as the state Attorney General, did not participate
in the trials. Many following the case were left assuming the state had abdicated its legal responsibility to the private coal companies. True or not. After hearing this story, that sounds sort of plausible, doesn't it. I could see where people landed there. I can see where people got down that path. While the accused were in jail, Houston got to work before indictments were even issued. He was raising
funds for the legal defense during the march. Fred Mooney, who was the secretary treasurer of the local United Mine Workers District, helped to establish the Mingo County Defense League. Many who supported the miners responded to the national and global call for donations to the Miners Defense Fund. Quickly, the fund amass more than fifty dollars, originating from support within the labor movement, but also among industries totally unconnected
to coal mining. The coal mine operators funded the prosecution, Well, they kind of funded the prosecution. They later build the state of West Virginia for a hundred and twenty five thousand dollars in legal fees, where they reimbursed that, we don't know. The first person to be tried was Bill Blizzard, who, as we've said, was believed to have been the leader of the march, and he was charged with treason for
that act. So treason here we are. The United States Constitution specifically defines this crime and says this treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or
on confession in open court. The media attention was intense during Blizzard's trial, but that allowed the regional conversation of labor issues to move into a more nationwide were station. Media coverage was extensive in coal rich regions of the country, in particular Pennsylvania newspapers in places like Altoona, Allentown, Scranton,
Wilkes Barre. They all reported daily on the trial. Several papers in New York City also covered the trial, with the Brooklyn Citizen and the New York Times covering daily events, so people outside southern West Virginia were reading about the conflict, the charges, who testify, and the key details of each testimony. Lizards treason trial really broke down to just this one thing. If he was the leader of the march, was he actually leading when the miners reached Blair Mountain, and was
it for the purpose of levying war? And there was conflicting testimony about that. The prosecution claimed Blizzard had shadowed the miners as they marched and that he had closely followed their progress. Some miners had turned state's witnesses and testified the Blizzard was commanding the miners during the entire march to Logan County and through the Battle of Blair Mountain.
Turning state's witness just to get everyone on the same page means that they admitted their guilt in agreement to testify as a witness for the state against their associate, usually in exchange for leniency in sentencing. One of those men claimed that he saw Blizzard delivering ammunition to the miners witnesses for the defense on the other hand, testified to having seen Blizzard in Charleston during the march. Charleston, so you can picture. It is the state capital, and
it's about sixty miles from Logan. The defense's star witness, though, was a United States Army infantry captain, who stated that he had never heard any miners talk of going to war against the government. Rather, they sought to quote protect the women and children from Sheriff Chaffin's death e d
s in Logan County. Yeah, that guy. Blizzard himself testified he had been there, but that he had only been there on September two and September three, when he went to persuade the miners to surrender to the United States Army and to return home. Blizzard's trial was standing room only. The courtroom could see about three hundred people, but the
crowd that had showed up was closer to five. It lasted more than four weeks, and it was Prosecutor C. W. Ostenton who closed the case for the States, saying, quote, I have nothing against Bill Blizzard. I'm not asking for Bill's blood. I'd like to say, young man, take your wife and babies and go home. On after six hours and ten minutes of deliberation by the jury, Lizard was
acquitted of the charge of treason. We quote we the jury find for the defense dims court clerk see A. Conrad wrote on the back of the indictment, quote we the jury find the defendant not guilty of the charge. In the indictment that was signed by dB. Shoemaker, the foreman, there was no evidence to back up the claim of treason. Down with the coal baron's yelled one defendant, A union official,
and others echoed similar sentiments. Blizzard's acquittal came after questions arose regarding the reliability of some of the witnesses for the prosecution, as well as in Blizzard's role in convincing the miners to lay down their arms. A writer for the Deluth Herald commented, quote, in a large measure, the state of West Virginia was on trial in the Blizzard case, and the verdict of acquittal as to Blizzard was the equivalent to a verdict of guilty against the state. Later
that day, sympathizers celebrated Blizzard with a parade. The Associated Press reported that he and I'm gonna paraphrase this because Guy's quite long was carried on the shoulders of others, and a triumphal march through town that crowds cheered his verdict and lifted him on their backs. It wasn't just Bill Blizzard who was charged with treason, we know, and
they did not all have the same outcome. Walter Allen was charged and convicted of treason on September six for the part that he played in the One March against the coal companies and the United States Army at Blair Mountain. Witnesses described Allen's role as a leadership role. They testified that he spoke at a rally of miners prior to the march, and they claimed that he led the miners
who voted to take part in the march. Witnesses also claimed that Allen recruited miners from other camps and that he obtained weapons for miners for the march, that he served on the marches finance committee, and that he was seen generally participating in many stages of the event. Allen was the only miner convicted of treason. A jury found him guilty and he was sentenced to ten years in
state prison. He was freed on a ten thousand dollar bond pending his appeal, but on December sixteenth, of nine County officials reported that Allen had fled. The charges against other union leaders Frank Keeney and Fred Mooney ended up dropped. Reverend James Wilburn and his son John were convicted, though not for treason. Their crime was second degree murder after causing the first casualty at Blair Mountain. Most of the indicted miners were acquitted or their case just never went
to trial. Kenziek New, director of the Mine Wars Museum in Mingo County, has talked about the long lasting significance of the conflict, saying, quote, Blair Mountain teaches us that we have to stand together if we're going to win. The miners took great risks and banded together collectively, overcoming barriers of race and ethnicity to shine a light on these dramatic examples of exploitation. This was a story in
American history that I was not really aware of. I was aware of the Cold Wars and the miners versus the companies, but I was not aware that this was the largest labor uprising. Comparing things like this to the Civil War, I had no idea. I had no idea until we got involved in it. When you start doing the research and looking at how many people were involved, the thing was strategically planned out, it sounds like any
other actual battlefield, isn't it. Yeah, we tend to think of labor disputes in a much more I don't want to say sedate, because people are very passionate about it, but not so much involving active warfare. We think of picket lines, we think of people crossing lines. We don't think of people with a Gatlin gun necessarily are great good fortune, so we don't while we ponder this, would you enjoy a perfecty poor? I was just about to say while we discussed this, I would like a drink, Maria.
You know I love to surprise you, so I hope this does. It's a shot a shot, I'm down? What is this? A shot up bourbon? Just straight? Because I'm in not just straight? And this is one of those things, right. I like the idea of shots that are actually like small mixed drinks, right with layers, or like little like interest, not just one guy. You can do interesting things. I am not likely to drink a shot of bourbon straight.
I know you are, but I do enjoy a shot, and this one is called coal dust, and you'll see why at the end. And it's not a super heavy hitter either. I'll talk about my thoughts on shots and people doing them or not wanting to do them when we get to the the in the cocktap. It's a very simple one to put together. You just need an ounce of bourbon, a half ounce of amoretto, and a half to three quarters of an ounce of apple juice. I went with apple juice because apple orchard is very common
in West Virginia. And armoretto. I just thought was going to be a nice combo for those two things to have a party together. A little bourbon and apple juice and armoretto makes it all almondy and delicious. I gotta tell you. Looking to list, it's a small list, but it's an odd list. Oh just wait, it's about to get hodder. So I just stirred them together and then
I poured them into a chilled chock glass. Then here's where the cold dust comes in, because I sprinkled it with just a pinch of freshly ground black pepper because I want to get that idea of I associate things like coal dust with just that settling on everything you have, and it's everywhere, and so it will settle a little into your shot glass. It's not gonna radically change the flavor of any of the spirits in there, but you'll occasionally get that little bit of it and be like ah.
And sometimes, depending on the nature of your pepper, it can be a little small but not too overwhelming bite that is cold dust. Now, before I get to the mock tail, I want to say this one. I have strong feelings about shots because I don't think you gotta down a shot all at once. And if you're making a shot that's tasty and interesting, you can sip it. It's fine. Nobody here's gonna judge you, and if they do,
I'll burrate them aggressively. The other thing is that if you just don't like a shot right, because this isn't that heavy a hitter. It's an ounce of bourbon. A lot of shots will have like an ounce and a half, or even sometimes two if you have a really assertive poorer. But you could if this sounds interesting but you don't want to do it like that, you could top it with au soda or ginger ale and make it into more of a traditional cocktail and you're gonna be fine.
You have options. Again, always always make it the way you want it, because that's the whole point. The almaretto that was half an ounce, Yes, just half an ounce. It's not a lot, yeah, especially when it's countered with apple juice. And the reason I said a half to three quarters is that just a half isn't going to shift things too much. You'll still have a lot of
that bourbon bite. So if that's still a little too much for you and you don't want to go like the soda root, you can just add a little more apple juice. It's fine tweak everything to make it the way you like it. To do this as a mocktail, it's superto bre easy. As we're going to do the very very strongly brewed and steeped black tea in lieu of bourbon, you're gonna toss in an almond syrup and lou of vamoretto, and then apple juice and black pepper
are just fine. Same thing with ginger ail or soda if you want to make it a little a little lighter to the palate. Lately I've been I've been experimenting with shots and bourbon shots in particular. So this was a fun love it to play with. I know who am I I don't know. I don't know my influence after all these decades has come through. I have my reason, but also I just I'm always trying to figure out ways to make friends with things that I think I
don't like. I love that because we both feel this way about Jim, right, So like your journey of becoming friends with Jin is also my journey of becoming friends with Jim. Now, I quite like Jim. I put it in lots of stuff, so I actually find that like when it appears, I'm not like, oh, there's gin in that anymore. So you know it's working slowly, but surely it's working. So yes, So that is the cold dust.
If you just want a little dusty, you could also if you really want to go an alternate route and you're like, I don't want to put pepper in my cocktail with armouretto, you could also do just a little a tiny pinch of activated charcoal powder, which we have used in the past. I was thinking about that. Actually I knew you were expecting that, So I want had to flip you on your ear because you've used it before,
so I was not expecting it. But it was a nice little like remembrance of oh, hey, remember when we made that activated dricol drink. That was cool. I hope we have something that looks dusty like. I'm like, if you wanted to do that, you could do that instead of the pepper. That's fine, particularly if you bought it for a previous calcula and you're like, I have a bag of fractivated charcoal, what am I going to use it for now? It's a great time I brought it out.
Remember that's when that You've got to tell friends if they're on medications, maybe not Maybe leave it out. The pepper safer in that regard because it will absorb a lot of the things that you actually mean to put into your body instead of just the tricky parts. Charcoal has many uses. You can read up on it. It's easy to find information on how charcoal will mess with
things like medication. Yeah, that's the cold dust. We hope that takes the edge off of this not exactly uplifting story, but important story about labor rights and particularly about like how someone just fighting for the right to not be taken advantage of by their employer. Can suddenly be considered a treasonist? Yes, that's an important thing to consider troubling. Maybe the Perfect Poor took the edge off of that.
So we will be right back here next week with another tale of treason as well as another perfecty poor, and we hope you will join us. Criminalia is a production of Shonda land Audio in partnership with I Heart Radio. For more podcasts from Shonda land Audio, please visit the I Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.