The Ensanche Circus Theatre of Bilbao

Bat bi hiru lau Watch your back, watch your back Ertzaintza's gonna get you Watch your back, watch your back Ertzaintza's gonna get you Watch your back, watch your back There's a crime here It's a coming from the Euskal Herria Gotta wash those red hands It's the crimes of the basquelands It's the crimes of the basquelands Hi, I'm a little drunk today I just wanted to make an apology Last week I uploaded a raw version by mistake Instead of the edited one And, well, I haven't had time to edit

And some time again another apology And, yeah, I hope you enjoy it Have a good one Hi, Dougal Hi, Jules, how you doing? I'm doing good, how you doing? Good to hear I'm recovering from yesterday So I won't be drinking today So, tell our audience how you're recovering What you're recovering from Well, I just went out for my regular social night out On a Thursday Which is what?

Couchsurfing meeting We go to couchsurfing And then whoever turns up we see what happens And I ended up going down to the old town in LaBelle Having some extra ones with the friends Yeah And?

And I'm drinking a Coca-Cola Just recovering Oh, oh Intense conversations I thought you were going to say about how you came home and you had no power That was very stressful That's pretty stressful Very stressful Especially when you've had something to drink And you don't have time to figure out what's going on Yeah, those logical You just want to be in a warm house and go to bed, right?

These logical steps of turn everything off Turn one thing on That was very hard to do I bet I don't remember you at all It seems like it's working out So, you know Yeah, we have power It's warm in here We have power Yeah It's been really cold in the Basque Country It has The last week or so Yeah, four or five degrees Or below Like tonight I think it's going to get down to one degree Ouch So it's cold It's cold It is, it's chilly It's chilly And wet So that adds to it too It's like even colder

It is It feels like it gets to your bones But you're having a nice drink today A nice red wine Warm your bones up Well, yes I went to the supermarket The French supermarket Well, it's Carrefour It's a French chain Chain, yeah So, it's near Douglas' house So I often go there to see what to bring for our drinks And unlike the white wines or the cedras The ciders They don't put like a little Basque flag underneath the red wines To tell you these are Basque products

So I was searching through all of them to find a Basque red wine Because I didn't want white And I found this one and I found that it was bottled in Cenicero I love the name, Cenicero What is Cenicero in Spanish? Literally, it is in Castilian And it literally means ashtray Ashtray So there's this really lovely town You've been there, right?

In the Rioja, yeah It's called Cenicero It is really pretty though So if anybody's traveling in these parts It is a nice town with lots of nice bodegas And so it's a good tourist stop And it's the wrong side of the river It is, it just happens to be on the very border of the Basque Country So we decided the tenuous link would be that If you were standing in the Basque Country You can see it Look across the river and see it So that's our tenuous link Good old ashtray But it's a nice wine

It's Gran Vendema Gran Vendema, yeah, interesting name It's a Crianza Which means like young What would they call it in English? Crianza would be like young Well it's a classification here It's been in the barrel for at least I think it was either 3 or 6 months 6 months or something? 3 or 6, I forget It must be 6 So it's a minimum of It has to be a year old as well at least So and then maybe half of that in a barrel at least What is the podcast about?

We should probably tell people As the name says, we are a crime podcast True crime It's true crime, but we go out to all kinds of things that could be We're adventurous Crime linked Yeah Right? So it could be Corruption Tragedy Yeah, true Health and safety Health and safety Corruption So it's not just murder and mayhem Right? No, no, there's some hashtag mom safe Yes, there is Speaking about that, how is today's episode?

Not hashtag mom safe I think because this episode My only like trigger or like warning would be that If you are disturbed by the death of children Then you probably don't want to listen to this episode Okay So moms probably don't want to Maybe not Hear that kind of thing Good warning I don't go into a lot of detail either It's just I kind of go through the facts of what happened And there's not a lot of detail about Yeah You know, any, there's no deep gory details if you will Good to know

I'm holding on to much of that So, you know, if that's something that disturbs you then It's not going to happen You know, I'm not going to give any disturbing details Cool, good heads up Okay So this episode though was inspired by a A tour that Douglas and I and Megan, our producer Yeah And Megan's partner Tom who does our, who produced our song Yeah, the intro song We went on a tour called Bilbao Confidential Mm-hmm Right Yeah Um, you know, what was it?

Criminis i castigo No, no, castigo i crimin Oh, what was it called?

I guess it's criminis i castigo Like crime and punishment Yeah So crime and punishment would be the translation Yeah So we went on this tour where this very lovely kid Brought us around Very knowledgeable Yeah I remember He knew his stuff Yeah, inside out Yep And he took us around We didn't have to go very far It was like a walking tour Mm-hmm Where we stopped at different locations And he told us about what happened where Um, but it was really fun Yeah I enjoyed it

I had no idea there was like this huge prison right up in Santuchu for example Yeah, very close by to the old town And then like the details of the prison were like things like The families had to bring the meals to the prisoners Yeah Like they weren't fed at the prison Yeah, that was intense You had to count on your relatives to bring you food Yeah And it was like way overcrowded Yeah That was one of the most impressive parts of the tour Facts that we learned That was like whoa, that's crazy

Yeah I guess there's Obviously this is not like in this century Or the last century No, yeah, no It was the century before that A good hundred or two hundred years ago Yeah So And then like where the public hangings were All that stuff Yeah Pretty interesting Yeah I would recommend the tour Yeah, we do, we do And we'll give him a shout out It's very I forgot his name Well Damn it We could probably look on his website and give it He's a very good one We can maybe put it in our notes or something

Yes, yes To put something in our notes about his tour So we can give him some business Yeah We would I definitely recommend it Yeah, it was fun So this was one of the stories So anyway, this was inspired by that Because he told us this one story And I was like oh wow, that's pretty wild I'd never heard of that So this is a historical one And it is Oh, and I never wrote a one sentence synopsis either Well Oh, I got one I can just come up with one on the top of my head You can

One sentence synopsis Never shout fire in a crowded theater Oh, that's very appropriate That's my one sentence synopsis Right For this crime Right So there you go Came up on the top of my head you guys Genius Impressive Impressive Impressive Okay Are you going to give us the title of the episode as well? Yeah It's This is the tragedy at the Ensenche Circus Theater Okay Yeah, I remember him mentioning that I remember that Yeah, do you remember anything about it?

I mean to be honest I was like okay another one Because you know it's super common in European cities that the theater burned down Yeah Like it's so Yeah Kind of common And I'm going to give you why Why these things burnt down I'm going to tell you like a little history and stuff Yeah So They're all wooden Exactly I was going to go there And like let you They're all haphazardly built Right Right Yeah They're like fly by night businesses so Not a lot of safety protocols in place Yeah

So in this story my sources I had a really good archival history from Biscayah.EUS Yeah And so it's like kind of like the city or the Biscayah municipal Biscayah is the province Is the province Provincial historical Yeah Kind of archives That's nice Then I had I had a video on YouTube which the it's Bilbo Arquitectura is the channel Yeah So they did a story on this and they talked about the history of these types of buildings or operations I guess

Then we have let's see see I'm sorry I have to look It's fine I mean what is it Bilbo Arquitectura And then I have Historia no Bilbo Servicuac Servicuac Punto Bilbo dot EUS EUS is like Euskadi or Euskadi yeah Which is like saying Wikipedia Dots Obviously One story from El Correo Right a typical newspaper around here And that's about it Okay So this took place a long time ago so that's why there's a few like limited Sources yeah yeah understandable Yeah All right shall I begin Let's dive right in

Okay so let's talk about these the history of the circus theaters Circus theaters began to emerge in Europe in around the end of the 1700s Okay They hit their peak in the last 30 years of the 1800s okay They were all but gone by the first quarter of the 20th century Okay Okay At that time they were primarily being used as cinemas So when they when they died out their purpose or their function was as a cinema Okay They started screening movies right Right And that was the new rage So it's

Or you know popular form of entertainment right It's going to the movies Yep yep So the movies kind of ancestor Yeah Throughout Spain there were at least 60 circus theaters and today only five of those structures Have survived as functioning theaters El Algar Orihuella Murcia and Santa Cruz de la Palma So the first three that I mentioned are all in Murcia or near Murcia Oh really interesting And then the last one Albacete which is also near Murcia

Is the only one which still doubles as a host for circuses and theater productions And maintains an original building structure of the original circus theaters How interesting So that's the only one that survived Like the actual building Like the building itself Yeah Yeah because they usually made of wood right you said Yeah That's incredible They originated in areas with larger populations as a place where shows and performances could be held for the general public

In some cases the buildings were permanent structures Hence why some have survived to this day But in other cases they were only for seasonal use And often times they would move location within the same city So they'd throw one up over here And then move to another part of town where maybe the land was available Like maybe the land was available at the time And they put one up and then the city said No no we want that land

So they you know jumped ship and then just moved to a different little plot of land in the same city Intense yeah Because they had like a name recognition probably as a business or whatever Very circusy as a kind of business structure I would say Yeah You said circus theater right? Yeah So they were multi-functional buildings and most of them had a circular or a polygonal Polygonal?

Polygonal sorry I can't read anymore It's cute I've been doing this all day so I was like I mean I can't read so Sometimes I can't read anymore Because I'm also trying to like look at basket names and pronounce them correctly and then You're doing excellent When I'm reading English then I mess up as well anyway Alright so they were circular or Polygonal Polygonal So the center was where the action took place right?

And then it would be surrounded by the tiered seating for the public Right Okay Nice and traditional And because of their impermanent nature they were often wooden structures with uneven constructive quality Like a little bit over here but not over here like it wasn't Okay Like a Perfect Like this beautiful building where all the sides are even and these two sides are you know like centric or whatever Yeah just put another line there

Yeah we need a room over here so we'll just build another room over here right sort of thing Yeah And add on they're just adding on to the building if you will Organic architecture we could say Yeah In one article the architecture of these buildings mimic the spaces needed for the activities that people already took part in in their leisure time so we think of like bull rings Right Yeah Cock fights Yeah All that nasty shit Circular thing Yeah Everybody looking to the center

And everybody sitting around it right? So the public is seated around the action that's taking place in the center right? Boxing I guess Boxing yeah So and this also you know mimics what also became what we see at circuses later Same thing with circuses Don't know how connected it is to the Shakespeare style theater but that was also like in a center right? And you had people all around it Yeah like wasn't the Globe theater the first one? Wasn't it circular?

I mean I think it was typical of that time I don't know if it was special but I think it is I don't know I felt like I heard the Globe was like one of like the first of its kind or something it was like the original or something Maybe then maybe It might be because that's where the first Shakespeare stuff I know it was written for that theater a lot of things so like the format the space kind of was part of the play which is why it's considered so important but I thought it was

the kind of generic shape that they had before but I don't know And it couldn't maybe it came I don't know because Shakespeare was anyway we're not going to delve into We won't know We're not going to have our listeners find out what are like gaps in Yeah historical architecture Or about theater in Shakespeare theater and all that But you know like we can go back to But I do know the Globe was circular Yes Theater in London the original Most the way around

And you know when you look at just a Greek amphitheater it's circular Yes amphitheater is circular It looks around the central point maybe it doesn't go all the way around but you know Yeah It's definitely an old idea Have you ever visited a ruin?

Yeah Yeah so have I and it doesn't go all the way around but it is circular Yes I mean the I was like I don't know any names in my head I was like well the Coliseum goes all the way around I've been to one and two Coliseum there you go And in Greece we went to visit one So anyway anyway They're beautiful we should go Yeah we should do this more often So after you know these same spaces that they would set up for these circuses or what have you

Or theater they would be used for things like not only theater but other types of performances Like acrobatics or dance or even places for popular parties or events could be held in these same spaces So these buildings like were multifunctional that's what I meant by multifunctional Sure They were very lucrative for those that ran them right and very popular among all social classes Because usually it meant that anybody could go the prices were low Cheap ticket

Cheap thing to go do in your free time so pretty successful okay Good to hear So that's the history okay in Bilbao in the 1880s Bilbao was expanding its city limits And one area on the other side of the river so on one side of the river we've got like The town hall and then we've got the old town If you're the river and you're going to our desi on your right hand side Yeah so that was kind of all that's the old town of course is the original Bilbao right The old town is original Bilbao right

Where Bilbao was So as the town got bigger it started expanding on the other side of the river The left side of the river if you will right So the land that was annexed to become part of the church of Abando Was kind of Just across the river from old town Bilbao Yeah it was becoming more popular right like where that area was more populated etc. So while awaiting the arrival of developers to do with this something with this land

There were like pop-up booths for like commercial exchange like maybe selling like farm goods or honey Whatever people were selling in markets right eggs yeah meat sardines sardines yeah fish of any kind Lots of fishing here I mean it was typical to salt sardines and bring them in big baskets from Portugal that's why I mentioned There's like songs about the ladies coming with the sardines like a very Bilbao thing The songs of the sardines Do you know any of these songs

I mean I've just heard it I just know of them no I don't So also not only this but there were also like small warehouses popping up for like smaller industries Okay so some plots were taken over by locals who would put on shows and the structures they built were you know haphazard With little attention to like safety or stability I can only imagine because they knew as soon as the city council wanted to use or sell the land Those structures would just be demolished taken down yeah

So the first two circus theater projects that emerged during this time were with the explicit request from the city council Okay so they wanted them to build something for the people or the masses right yeah One such project was that of the Gran Vía Circus Theater The high street Yes that's what they would call it in Britain Sure Main Street In the US In America In the US So records don't indicate whether or not this was ever built

This is kind of weird because in all my research everyone debates whether or not it actually existed Wow that's so weird Like there's all the records that show of like people bidding for the land or like bidding I'll put it here or I'll put it there But really there's no record of it ever existing At least in my research One of the two So listen I wrote this story in a week so I did not I'm not a journalist so I did not delve Or a historian

Or a historian so I did not delve as deeply defined about this certain circus theater because it was not the focus of the story So I just went with what I found and If any of our listeners know better please leave a comment Yeah And we'll learn Write your own story about the Gran Vía Circus Theater We will contribute with everything we know You want to put it on our show we'll put it on our show

In the end the closest evidence of a structure such as this was the first cinema in Bilbao called the Olympia Room And it opened in 1905 Which stayed open until 1947 Wow And was replaced by the Gran Vía Cinema which operated until 1996 Wow Which was then replaced and became the Bebeka Sala Which we all know On the high street yeah If you walk down Gran Vía you'll see the Bebeka Sala So it's been an entertainment place forever For 135 years Wow that's crazy Yeah It's a lovely room these days

It's owned by as you said Bebeka which is a local bank Yeah And that's their cultural kind of activity place If you haven't heard our episode about Bebeka Yeah This is how they launder money allegedly They put on fucking great cinema But they've redone it and it's very nicely done up Yeah I mean they put on a lot of screenings of things that you would not see in a regular Like mainstream distribution of films right So you might see like a program Bobby used to program Yeah your husband

Retrospectives on different like themes cinema themes Related to the And he put it on at that place Connected with the Fine Art Museum No no no this was his Oh was that the one Yeah it was him and Ruben Hi Ruben Oh nice nice I mean the last one we went No they just put it on by themselves because they wanted to program something cinema And so they decided to pick a theme And then they would put on screen films that they felt fit that theme And they were paid by the city council to do so Oh nice

And that was their own project I remember going to a Hitchcock one with you guys one time It was really good lovely space to do it Another thing to do when you come to Boba Exactly you guys have so much to do and see here Not just eat your face off but actually take in some culture Or drink your face off Or drink your face off Which is also very noble Yeah you can go down on Thursday nights to the couch surfing I'll be there Meet Douglas It's our meet up First hand

We're happy to anybody to drop by Yeah yeah if you're in town and you're just visiting and you want to meet some people Yeah Thursdays at Nervion from 8.30 There you go Everybody knows now There you go So you might get some people showing up I mean Let's see let's see We're so going to talk about it Who's listening is going to show up Who's the first to turn up for a listener We can't wait we should give them a prize We should come up with a prize to give them

The first one that turns up and approaches Douglas at couch surfing Well I Douglas I heard about this meet up on the pod It's excellent I came for my prize That's all you have to say Well I'll definitely invite you to your first drink No come on we'll think of a prize But I always have also a sticker You can get a sticker and something We'll think of something Suggests?

What would you like to get if you're the first one to turn show up you know Sure Suggests We're open I mean what if they want a car though Douglas We can't swing I mean you can suggest it We can go Yeah suggestions are free Look I've had this little toy taxi car in my pocket for three months I'm happy to give it up today Give them a kinder egg surprise Maybe it's a car Maybe there's a car inside Maybe it's a car

Okay so another project was requested and paid for to have a circus theater on Amistad Street so that's the one you know where Amistad Street is right So that's like right just past the Aranal Bridge Yep Okay so Aranal Bridge we've talked about the Aranal when we talked about the Fiestas episode We did It's kind of like a large pole It's not a plaza but it's like a It used to be a sandy area It's a park now Yeah it's like a big park along the river Just next to the old town

And then there's the theater The opera house or the theater right there And a nice bridge And right yeah bordering the old town right So to go with the theme of the wine you can see the other side of the river from Aranal Exactly Full circle We got it So this project never materialized and the money according to records I was reading it was like the money was returned Like the funny the records I was reading were just like this person paid this much for this plot of land to do this

And then the money was returned on this date because they didn't you know it was like kind of weird research I was doing Anyway so it never materialized the guy got his money back never came to fruition So and the reason for this I think this is what I've gathered from my research so you know I'm not a journalist I would like to make that clear I'm like reading documents that are translated from Spanish to English so that I can read them more easily

Because if I'm reading them in Spanish I'm like what the fuck anyway so meanwhile the Aranal theater the theater that was already there in the Aranal was in poor condition And the city knew that it would have to be demolished at some point okay So and they knew they wanted to build a new one they knew they wanted a big theater there right So they halted all of the potential circus theater projects for that area So that's what I discovered Are we talking about 1830s 40s?

Late 1800s so like 1880s 1890s Okay The theater was demolished in 1885 so there you go there's your date And then the Arriaga theater which is the one we still have Which is there today yes that you can go see today You know stands where a lot of these circus theaters thought to have a little theater of their own So it was a coveted area I think they moved it to where it is today which is just right on the other side of that bridge

You know on the same side of the river but on the other side of the Aranal bridge Okay there was actually where the theater is I think the original theater was on where the park is today Okay I think don't hold me to that okay I mean I know there was an area because literally Aranal just means like a sandy area Yeah And I know that you know if we go back to the 1500s that was like a beach Yeah A river beach Right because yeah

But I also know that for a very long time they had like a little circle which sounds like the saddest thing in the world But they had a tiny little circle with like a small kind of wall is how they described it Okay And there was still sand in the center kind of like a sandbox Like a sandbox Yeah Okay But it was like literally it was left over from the beach Oh so they tried to preserve the whole idea of this was a sandy place and now here's the last

It is still known as a sandy place you know Aranal Plaza Well it's closed So you know I thought it was I love the fact that they tried to have some sands Yeah and then they were like this is ridiculous But that's where you're saying the theater would have been Maybe Maybe maybe But in any case one side of the road or the other Either way it's right there it's all right there in the same area So anyway they built this the Arriaga theater which is now a beautiful big building Gorgeous

It's like one of the big landmarks right Beautiful So it's lovely and like I use that landmark for everything whenever I have videos I'm like meet me there Yeah There's always the big Christmas tree Christmas time Yeah You know I tell people meet me at the tree For those of a more nationalist inclination there's a lovely big flag of the Basque Country right in front of it It's there Yeah I never noticed Not a big fan of flags though but But it's there It's there It flies I'm gonna look now

Middle of town Now I'm gonna look okay In front of the theater Yeah So you like the the the tramway Oh my god I can't believe I've never seen that The tramway goes kind of curves around the front of the theater right Yeah And so just right there Where the tree is The Christmas tree is Yeah but like closer to the train line than the Christmas tree right So that's Oh my god There's a big pole there Oh my god I have to look Maybe I just never look up Maybe I'm always looking at the ground

There's a lot of Basque flags around so you know another one It's not gonna necessarily stand out No but also I look at the ground a lot when I walk because of dog poop Right right So I gotta look out for dog poop I love the curvinha myself so So you're always looking out for the curvinha I do love to see it Like you know like you might say meet me at the theater I might say meet me at the flag Yeah That's But there you go There you go There you go Lovely landmark There we go Okay so landmark

We're landmark outs However you look at it it's a landmark And since we're on it we're talking about the Arriaga Theater like it is modeled on a French theater that's like modeled in a very traditional kind of typical I forget which one but probably the main one in Paris you know and that's what they used it's kind of like a miniature of that Okay And it looks gorgeous It is gorgeous I recommend it It's a very nice building Inside and out And during fiestas that's where Marijaya That's true

First appears The Paragonera And they set off the Chupinazo Yeah To set off the fiestas They've got nice little balcony All full circle man everything comes back to the Arenal, Arriaga Theater Yeah the world map of Bilbao as they would say it here It's like the White House Sure Or if you're from somewhere else it's the The Casa Rosada if we were in Argentina going back to our last There you go Or the Red Square if you're Russian Sure there you go okay I forgot this

The mall in Washington D.C. for American listeners Brandenburg Gate for the German listeners We've all got that We've all got those landmarks for each country right?

Yeah but this is yeah anyway I mean you know as far as the Basque Country goes As far as Bilbao goes it's pretty It's our landmark It's our landmark yeah I mean Guggenheim is probably more worldwide landmark-y Yeah but that's not Basque It's not in our souls yet It's not Basque I mean People are proud of it but because it is pretty cool but it's like I mean you know It's not Basque I would say it's pretty Basque because you know like there's two images that well three images really

One is the architects which is the scales of fish which he talks about going fishing with his father And it's got ship like pictures Basque Country and fishing is definitely Yeah yeah so it kind of has ship like herbs and you know And one of them is the kind of image of It's definitely an homage to the shipping or the fishing industry for sure And that I think is quite Basque Sure It does hearken back to some references Alright so most people outside of here

Outside of here would say yes the Guggenheim is what they think of when they think of Bilbao But it's But there's so much more There is so much more From every civil wind Go to Couchsurfing and meet up with Douglas I'll point you in all the directions Okay so basically where I'm going with all this is I didn't I don't want to go too far into the weeds about all these theaters and people that applied No

For permits to build them or actually whoever actually did build them or did not build them or who built them on provisional basis So Until we find Let's just say Until we find one of them The theater was built and we're going to now focus on the theater that's in question okay I just wanted to give both Douglas and our ten listeners some background to these circus theaters We got at least fifty listeners Fifteen Fifty fifty Oh fifty okay At least once it's been out for a bit

But I was going to say Until the day we found one of them as your ancestor or my ancestor then we'll go like wait a minute one of the people who gave money Oh I'm sure Wouldn't they One of those days I mean if they were if they had enough money If anyone's going to give us money it's going to be a relative No I'm saying to the theater like historically Oh that maybe yeah One of your ancestors from 1810 Yeah that's true Because I have best ancestors That's true

I'm expecting AI whenever we get you know whenever it becomes super intelligent Douglas don't just be waiting around You're just going to waste your life away waiting around for AI to do anything Well maybe But the day that it connects all the dots it's going to be able to tell us exactly who all our ancestors are You're going to bust open that bottle of champagne Oh my gosh Like imagine No cava excuse me No Cidra Cidra yeah Cidra sounds good A nice little bubbly chacoli

Yes chacoli bubbly chacoli that's it Alright let's take a break Let's take a break Aiyayayayayayaya We're back We're back Here we are Alright so the circus theater that we're going to focus on today Is the Ensanche Circus Theater Okay This was built in 1895 It was a wooden structure And it was located on a plot of land where many temporary circuses had already taken place Okay So like I was saying like a lot of local people would use these plots of land for various things

Until the city said we're going to use that now so get out of here Okay Sort of thing okay So initially the entertainment you could find there was jugglers, comedians Which I had to pause Yeah I am curious about what comedians in 1895 talked about Do you want to take a gander? What kind of jokes these people are telling? Or like have you ever tried to buy a fish at the market that I don't know what kind of jokes do you think they were saying?

Or do you think they probably weren't bashing the king? They could have been Maybe maybe I mean the thing is like I'm really into comedy I listen to a lot of comedy And there's this whole thing where like the idea of modern comedy comes really from the United States As in stand-up comedy like observational comedy Yeah And so when you look at pre that what people always say about the culture before that was That it was like a lot of like oh I heard this joke Yeah so just like retelling jokes

So there's retelling and like a lot so a lot of people would use the same material Yeah But of course you could improvise like telling in a new way or something like that So I imagine it's kind of a lot of that a lot of like that's a joke I heard And then so like when I go back to my childhood like you know Scotland or Brazil They would just have like a standard whoever is the stupid person right?

So for Brazilians it was always the Portuguese Oh yes yes of course So there would always be the boss of the joke In America it was always the Poles The Poles The Polish people yeah there's a lot of Polish jokes Okay okay well there you go so I'm imagining you know whoever was picked on in the past Yeah whoever they're racist Exactly probably a lot of jokes about North Africans Yeah no I doubt it at the time Okay so my thing was maybe it was just clowns Maybe

Doing like ridiculous comedy sort of things That's also typical That's also typical So I thought maybe when they say comedians that's what they mean is that people are just Doing comedy bits that are like clown like you know silly Oh I got hit in the face with a pie or whatever Or the fish if it was in Bill Bauer right they'd get slapped in the face with a fish Grab a sardine boom Now it's a bass joke

Good way good way well I mean if anybody knows any account I'd be very interested in reading that account Yes could anybody yeah somebody look into this for us please I know it sounds like homework but come on Up my street Come on we'd love to hear it If you know about it you're just going to send us a name of a book or a webpage You're basically just going to give us gold That we'd love to talk about Sounds very criminal You could be on the yeah you could be on the show if you want

I say I'm sure it would be a big criminal Can you believe this was a joke? Hashtag everything I think Okay so other other things that they would put on at these places were like sporting events And you know whatever popular shows that were at the time right? Basketball Yeah So it was essentially a multi-purpose space for any and all kinds of entertainment So by the 1910s its main activity was cinema Yeah because cinema was becoming big right?

Learning things Around the world in Europe and America at least right? Yeah So the structure was located on Licenciado Poza On the block between the streets of General Concha and El Cano The three of us, Megan, myself and you, we all know where that is right?

We do It's still a very let's go out in that street Like a lot of bars, a lot of entertainment Yeah like Poza leads to the new stadium Yep straight down to the stadium Straight to the Atleti Stadium So it's a huge And there's a lot of like cinemas around there so it's probably connected to that Yeah and there was a cinema, yeah that's true Like two or three around there So in the beginning it was considered like a provisional building right?

Like so many of these fly-by-night circus theaters were just temporary Temporary right? So it was built from wood and bricks basically Okay Leased some bricks So I read in one of the archives that I found that the owner, one of the owners and you know developer or whatever you want to call this person who built the structure was Ramon Goicochea Goicochea Goicochea yep, the next door house Is that what that means?

Yep yep The next door house As in the house next door you can say I guess that's more natural in English No So this guy, he was the owner of a carpentry company So all the wood from your own company is being used to build this structure so you know write it off as a business expense Way to go Very clever, what a clever entrepreneur Yeah for sure So this guy also had tried his luck many times as a circus impresario I mean that's something to discover right, my ancestor was a circus impresario

Yeah That's hilarious, no I mean I'm just saying that would be lovely Oh if this guy was your ancestor yeah So he had a previous project called Cerco Alegria, circus Happiness Joy circus or joyful circus or something And it primarily consisted of acrobatic acts and it lasted for two years Interesting So when he demolished this other temporary structure, this Cerco Alegria He reused and repurposed the wood to build this new one, the Ensanche Circus Theater I'm all for recycling

So he's a clever entrepreneur, he's also an environmentalist Oh yeah Reused, reused, reused Right Yeah So he formed a partnership with another businessman and circus entrepreneur, Felipe Revuelto He had been one of the bidders on a building for a circus theater on Gran Bia So he was one of these other guys that was trying to build another circus Okay That was, they were talking about building on Gran Bia They agreed to split costs on construction and to make operation decisions mutually

But it turned out that this partnership would not go very smoothly Because I read that Goicochea would take Revuelto to court for not ponying up his share of the costs Oh right In the building of this new theater Right He won the lawsuit against his partner, but this is beside the point, right, from this story Sure So aside from it being like another bass crime, right This guy did not pay up his share of the Right We don't suspect foul play then

No, I was just like one businessman going, yeah, yeah, yeah, I'll share the cost And then didn't share the cost And then he had to sue his own partner But anyway Business is business There was no bad blood apparently between them because, you know, after this lawsuit Because they just continued to run business as usual Okay At this theater House civilized Right So the building had a circus tent-like vibe or a centralized plan

Like a lot of the old architectural circus structures or theater structures It had a circular stage in the center with the seating surrounding it on all sides There were two floors of seating The upper floor had a capacity of 672 spectators And the only access to the lower floor was a narrow and steep staircase Which led to the three street level exits Okay Okay So according to records concerning the building's evacuation drills of the time

The upper floors would consistently take upwards of six minutes to evacuate It's incredible they have that information, that's crazy Right So six minutes It's long That's a long time Especially if people are panicked, right Yeah So this is some foreshadowing There's smoke and air Oh man Yep So the building itself expanded over time Some records speculated that Ramon had set up his carpentry business in one of the extensions Oh my gosh So in the photos that we'll put on social media

Hopefully, I put that in quotes, hopefully If we get our shit together We'll include what the structure looked like on the day in question Cool So it's more of a square building Right That fits with the block that it sits on, right The building had a more like, you know, like I said, square shape to it Like fits in a block of a street with two streets running perpendicular on each side, right But inside the theater The space where people would watch shows or they would watch films was circular

Okay So that's to give you guys like a visual The same records indicate that the business was granted permission to host a variety of events and shows such as equestrian performances Wow Horses And gymnastics And when they say gymnastics, I'm assuming they say gymnastics, they mean either acrobatics or perhaps like strongman performances Yeah, I totally see that Because in my research I did see old posters With strongmen

For shows that like showed like a big buff guy lifting a big, you know, barbell Little lady With the circular weights on each end Oh, how cute You know those old timey looking like round balls on each end of the barbell Make it look real heavy Right, yeah That's so cute So I did see posters that were like, so I was like, that must be what they mean That's so sweet Right, yeah, some sort of like strongman act Look at this guy, he can lift a hundred kilos Exactly, like what?

Yeah This was in addition to other shows like comic performances, like we were trying to figure out what that meant earlier I'm so curious now Theater, ballroom dancing, charitable events that put on shows to raise money, union and political meetings or parties And most interestingly, a costume retail Apparently they had like a shop that was there to rent out mask and costume rental For mask and costume rental Interesting Yeah So for carnival maybe?

Come rig your costume I'm wondering if there's some kind of performance where you're expected to wear masks, I don't know Maybe like the Phantom of the Opera, you could see yourself kind of putting a little mask on to the wife's door The masquerade balls you've heard of, right? Yeah You have to wear a mask, yeah? Kind of a run Could be, yeah Sounds like a fun kind of dance Thursday's masks day Don't go to couch surfing, go to the...

Thursdays, okay My gosh Alright, so whatever they could do to make some money They did Entrepreneurs, those were the days, business, business, business Business was business, right? So eventually, as I mentioned earlier, the venue dedicated itself to film screenings for its bread and butter Which was extremely popular across all swaths of society Yeah Everybody loves to go to the movies, right?

Still do The Biscayette Entertainment Board granted the theater its operation license on May 16th, 1908 After determining that the venue met the safety and security requirements of the Royal Decree of February 15th of that year So So sad A Royal Decree So I will mention this later because I have another story I'm working on where a Royal Decree has been mentioned So we'll talk about it again in another episode But I'm going to give you the Wikipedia description of a Royal Decree

Okay, so this is straight from Wikipedia Quote unquote, do not sue me Okay Okay Okay Okay So the King said it's fine Then the autonomous regions have the right to say To add things Yes or no Oh really, okay That's what I gather from that, right?

I just think to get a different name It's called a different naming Yeah Yeah, well so maybe they don't say yes or no I think Mr. King Say yes Yeah, I think Mr. King gets this one Say yes and you can call it whatever you want Maybe sort of thing Okay, so anyway, end quote, that's from Wikipedia Okay, so However, the safety conditions required for cinemas and circus theaters would be revised again After a fire destroyed the La Luz de Villarreal Cinema in Castillon On May 27th, 1912

The structure was ripe for tragedy that befell it It was a wooden building The audience numbered well past the capacity Numbered well past the capacity allowed The doors opened inwards, etc. Like there was all kinds of things that went terribly wrong And in the end, this awful event took the lives of 69 people and injured 150 more Oh yeah Okay, so this happened Okay, before our tragedy As a result, all cinema facilities were inspected for safety and new regulations were established

These included all circus theaters as well Okay Some changes included That all the projection booths and the flooring throughout had to be made fireproof from my Sorry, had to be made from fireproof materials Right So I don't know if you knew this, but film is highly flammable Yeah Right So from, and I have a little other Wikipedia quote I'm going to read from, okay?

Go for it About this So from the 1890s to the 1950s, this film was largely what we call nitrate It gradually decomposes, producing a flammable gas, becomes sticky, and at a late stage of decomposition The film oozes a gooey liquid, ultimately leading the substance to become dust As this occurs, the possibility of an auto-ignition increases further So projection fires, projection booth fires, were not uncommon in the early decades of cinema

If a film managed to be exposed to too much heat while passing through the projector's film gate And several incidents of this type resulted in audience deaths by flame, smoke, or the resulting stampede Yeah, yeah, wow So after that fire Nice explanation, no? Yeah, they were like, okay, we gotta make some more safety measures, right?

So I mean, my mind kind of go back to, you know, just like what, five, six years ago That big tragedy in Madrid, like in a big stadium, the caught fire And a lot of people I don't remember that, in Madrid Yeah, it's just like not that long ago It was like the Arena, Madrid Arena, that was the name of the Arena Right, and they had still problems, they're not on top of it even in 2020 Yeah, I mean, this fire is crazy I know, but you would have thought, you know There's only so much you can

If we've been thinking about it Well, there is a lot you could do Since 1910s, you know Yeah, yeah I mean, I guess the doors would open the right way, but again, you know, they had the I remember like one of the doors was closed, unlocked, and they couldn't get it open You know, another typical thing that happens in those situations Yeah Unfortunately, I'm just saying, the Royal Decree didn't help, still not help Sure, you can put as much regulations in place

But then people that operate these places, perhaps they cut corners on building or they Humans And then pay off somebody to say, yeah, yeah, it's fine Freaking humans Or, you know, just in the running of things Yeah It's following protocol, right?

Yeah Just saying, yeah Yeah So bad, so bad Health and safety is very important Mm-hmm So the Ensanche Circus Theater revised and updated the features of their establishment And on October 4th, 1912, they were given the okay to continue with their cinema operations Cool But only a month and a half later, it would become clear that some safety precautions Should have also been taken into account So soon, huh?

Yeah All right, so well, let's get to the meat of our story So, the year 1912 was especially disastrous for Biscaya So on our earlier episode, the Galerna of 1912, remember that one?

Yeah, same year We covered the gale that hit the Bay of Biscay in August of that year, sinking many fishing boats And killing 143 fishermen 116 of those came from their mail So like basically devastated an entire town All the male population is, you know And their industry Yeah The communities were still reeling from all this when on Sunday, November 24th of that year The Ensanche Circus Theater was projecting cinema all day long Ooh, that machine's heating up

The weather was shit, as it's off to do in November So the theater had films going from 3 p.m. to midnight on that day Okay At around 5.30 that afternoon, the film being projected was an Italian feature called Who has stolen the million? Released in 1911 Wow, so cute Okay, so but as it was Italian, did not get distribution in Spain until February of 1912 Okay Okay So I have to wonder, in these times, so it's pre-Tockeys, right? I was gonna ask, I wasn't sure Isn't it pre-Tockeys?

I could I think Tackeys came out, I don't know, I didn't even look because I was too busy writing Like what, so you know, like with silent films you would have the action and then you would have like a little

What would you call it? Fuck, I can't remember, I can't even think of the word 1927, it's the Tarkeys Okay, so like you'd have like the little, you'd have the action, so the filmed action of the actors and stuff doing their thing And then you'd have a little Band Clip or film clip of the Oh, with the Dialogue, right?

So they must have had the technology to like, if they're gonna distribute it to other countries to translate Yeah Right, so that's what people were doing I don't think they were reading Italian No, I don't think so either I don't think so either So it's pre-Tockeys, okay, so they're like, yeah They're reading stuff, let's hope

Yeah, the dialogue in these little, oh fuck, what do you call them? I can't remember The little vignettes Vignettes We got it, we got it, look at us, look at us At the same time, boom, we're on it, we're on it Douglas Okay, so the theater was at full capacity And it was accessible to anyone as the entrance fee was only ten cents So these screenings were something that would be available to children And to people from all social classes Right Everybody was at the theater that day

At dry spots in the bow Yeah, or to go To pass the time, right?

The excitement of learning where that million went So as the film was being projected, someone from the upper gallery yelled fire Some witnesses later said it was in a woman's voice After the initial scream, panic began to spread through the upper galleries And people began to scramble for the stairway that would lead to the exits onto the streets below Okay Remember I told you, there's only one stairway Yeah From the upper gallery Yeah, and it takes more than six minutes to evacuate

One child who attended the screening with her mother and her older brother recalled her experience in this way One moment she was enjoying what she described as a thieves movie Which was to her taste, she liked it And the next she heard shouts and saw many people standing up suddenly She said a man who was in the seat in front of her jumped up and dove to head toward the seats behind her Towards the back of the theater Or towards the exit Yeah

As he jumped over her, he kicked me in the head and I fell to the ground Oh man My mother tried to catch me, but she was pushed down by a wave of people And that came down on top of her She was screaming in pain Man, an uncivic dude for one To add to the confusion and panic was the fact that the projectionist stopped the film A signal that something was terribly wrong The one stairway that led to the lower floor was steep and narrow

And as people pushed and shoved their way down, it created an avalanche and a pile up Oh man It didn't help that the majority of the in attendance were children and they couldn't move as fast Or probably not as confident about where they were going Yeah Unfortunately they were easily crushed in the bedlam Oh no Yeah There were three exits on the street level leading to Elcano and General Concha streets Mm-hmm But two of the exit, two of the three exit doors were locked Oh my gosh

And as people kept coming, those who reached the door could go no further and were being crushed by the constant flow of people Oh my gosh Several adults, including a group of off-duty civil guards attending the screening, realized that there was no fire And were desperately trying to calm people down, but to no avail People were throwing themselves off the upper balconies down to the lower levels or falling from them from being pushed

Some people were able to open the exits that led onto the street either by force or as I read in one account It was as simple as turning a small lock on the door or lifting a bar to get the door open Right, like a hatch lock Yeah As people exited, they continued to scream fire when they ran out, right?

Right They were aware of the confusion and the false belief that the Ensanche theater was on fire Right Word spread throughout the city, bringing the fire brigade to the scene Two fire trucks arrived and started pumping water The bystanders outside, realizing that there were people trapped and or being stampeded inside, re-entered the building trying to assist people It soon became clear that there would be a lot of casualties Oh man So

I mean, it's interesting that even today we still talk about, you know, some limits of free speech Which, you know, the classic example is yelling fire in a theater, right?

Yeah So, I mean, at least we're conscious of this more than I guess they might have been in those days, I would hope I imagine that still, that was kind of, the reason that that's in law, like with when they talk about free speech The fact that that is the one thing that they bring up It's pretty common I guess Right, like in constitutional law, they always bring that up Like you can say what you want Yeah But Yeah You can't do this

Yeah, I mean it's very responsible, it's logical, it makes sense And I just wonder how many hundreds of times it had to happen Yeah As we were just saying, you know, with the Madrid Arena thing, it still happens, unfortunately Yeah, and there was the one, what was it, last year, that party in, was it Taiwan? Was it Taiwan, Megan? There was Where all those people got crushed I don't remember In the back of an alley or something or? Oh, Korea Was it Taiwan? No?

It was like a Halloween party or something? That was Korea, that was Seoul No, it was Taiwan It did happen in Taiwan as well Right It's only Korea, I mean it's happened everywhere, hasn't it? Yeah, yeah Or concerts, happens at concerts all the time Yeah Yeah Not necessarily from panic, but the one I'm thinking of is when they were all like kind of backed into an alley Was that Korea?

Yeah, it was an alley, yeah Korea, that happens, yeah It was like recently, it was like a year ago or something Yeah It was like a Halloween party and like right after COVID, sanctions got lifted People were going out There was a big party and all these people got crushed in a, just in a street area Yeah, it was outside It was not even inside a building, you know?

2022, 28th of October, the Seoul Halloween crowds crush In Korea Yeah, that was, the 2022 one was in Korea, but as Megan said, you know, it does happen Everywhere, yeah Unfortunately All the time, yeah But I mean, in the case of Korea, like people, a lot of people pointed out to the police mismanaging the situation They had warnings, they had people calling and saying there's too many people and they ignored that call for like hours

And didn't start like telling people to move or to stop going this direction or that direction So, you know, it's interesting, like we have to remember how the authorities responsible kind of have to be on top of certain things as well, right? Like it's a moving target, like, because as we were saying, it's not in a theater in that case It's just in the street, but you still have to manage crowds Yeah In certain ways Yeah So Deadly, crowds are deadly They are, they are Should we take a break?

Let's, let's Let's take a break See you guys in a minute Aiyayayayayayayayayayaya We're back We're back, alright So, like many of the tragedies we've covered on this pod Yes, the local response was immediate and people came to the aid of others without thinking twice. I love the best country, right? Practically all of the doctors in the city converged on the scene to assist the wounded the medical clinic of in Sanche Which was the neighborhood?

Was so overwhelmed that stretchers lined the reception area The army sent in additional health workers and ambulances to carry the stretchers of victims to beserto hospital Just along there. Yeah, not far away. Yeah Residents in the area offered up the use of their private cars to transport victims very generous much like we what we saw With the or Twaya. Yeah case right remember all people driving People to the hospital, right? Yeah the mayor Federico Muiua

Which there you go. There's the name of this the Muiua Plaza right downtown Bilbao very very This guy Federico Muiua He called an emergency meeting of the City Council to address the aftermath of what would turn out to be one of the most catastrophic tragedies to befall the city So he called it like that night Go down to him So this happened at like 5.30, 6 Those like happening then he's like we need to meet up because this is gonna be big right?

Well, he got a Plaza named after him. So I guess he was a man of action. He deserved it then maybe even By that point word had spread that the majority of the victims were children

Yeah, saw that coming a bit. Which further devastated the people of Bilbao. Very sad Police and Civil Guards had to hold back desperate parents from searching for their children at Berserta Hospital and the medical clinics that were taking in the dead and the wounded The first official number of victims came out that came out was 42 dead children Between the ages of 3 and 15 and two dead adults The following day two more children died From one bringing the toll the death toll to 46 Wow

So sad, especially like considering there was no freaking fire Exactly It wasn't even a fire So senseless, right?

Right The newspaper headlines following the tragedy were dramatic and the stories included all the details of the event as it unfolded and its aftermath On the afternoon that families were finally permitted to enter the hospital and the clinics where the bodies of the deceased were being held One paper read, quote, entrance was not allowed to women in order to avoid the painful scenes that would occur if they had to set their gaze upon the corpses of their children

I mean, you know, it's a little bit sexist, but it's also, you know, it's also, there's a point, you know Yeah I'm sure, I mean, women, I'm sure But can you imagine, can you imagine as a mother being told, I'm sorry, we're not letting women come in Yeah I mean, this was a newspaper Yeah So I don't know if that's actually what happened It sounds very believable But if that is what happened, it does sound like something that would happen, right?

Absolutely Like, these delicate creatures Yeah These mothers, they can't, but can you imagine, like being told, I know your child is in here, but we're not going to let you come in That's why women have been hearing her whole history Their whole lives, yeah, you can't do this, you can't do that, that's right That's true I mean So they're used to it What are you trying to say, they're used to it?

I mean, you know, it wouldn't be a surprise, I mean, I do think Do you think one woman turned around and went, surprise, surprise I'm sorry, I'm not making light, but I'm saying, I couldn't imagine someone turning you away It's so ridiculous today to hear that, I agree Because you're a female, right?

Yeah, yeah I mean, my comment was going to be more down the lines of, well, black women are known for being strong and more independent minded, you know, owning businesses and things like that So, you know, I can only imagine they would be more forceful and not take it as easily as, let's say And maybe that's why it ended up in the newspaper, because they put up a fight or something

Maybe, maybe, I mean, that would be my expectation, you know, at least they'd hear a good answer, that's what I'd expect, you know They wouldn't shut the fuck up, that's what I would expect They'd be like, fuck you At least they'd hear some verdades And there's my baby Some truths Yeah But, you know, it's unfortunately not surprising to hear that I know, no, not to me either, not to me either, but I always like to point it out It's good It's good

The local paper El Liberal chronicle the death notices, first declaring that 42 children had died between the ages of 7 and 17 Then adding that the two victims who died the following day were two brothers Oh, sad The two adults that perished were a 49-year-old widow and a 21-year-old who was later hailed in the newspapers as a hero Oh So his name was Florencio Gonzalez Leon He was said to have repeatedly entered the building to bring children out

However, the media couldn't quite agree on how many children he had saved Some stated he'd saved three to four kids and others said up to six But what they did agree on was that after he entered the building for the third time he never reemerged So that's fucking crazy So he got crushed Trying to help people Going in Yeah, that's wild He probably If that actually happened, like he was like going in to try to pull kids out from under an avalanche of kids or people

Pulling them out to the street and then going back in to get more And then eventually got crushed himself Imagine like it's the bottom of the stairs that's like a bad spot, right?

And you can see people getting hurt and so you go back to that kind of crucial point area And maybe at some point Yeah, he couldn't deal with the situation anymore So his father, friends and neighbors of the family They shared stories with the press about how devastating the loss of Florencio was Of course And as it was like another terrible blow to the family's string of bad luck So the family was giving stories to the press about how they had struggled with poverty

And that they had just lost another son who died only three months previous And then another one had lost a leg to gangrene So like that was a big news story This hero Child who was killed or this 21 year old who was killed Was part of this family that was also just getting all these horrible bad news Yeah, things happening to them Which is great press, right?

I mean, you know, it works If you can just keep building on the tragedy Sells newspapers Even today Yeah So the city council session that was called by Mayor Federico Mollua Concluded at dawn And the city agreed to foot the bill for the funerals of all the victims And to build a large mausoleum in the center of Vista Alegre Cemetery in Dereo Yeah, still a very famous So we talked about this in the Artoia episode as well Because they also have a wall Right

And it's a shame cemetery for all the victims of that tragedy Right And they're beautiful So we need to make a field trip to this cemetery Sounds like a lovely day out It's a really crazy huge wild cemetery It's enormous Yeah Just going past it you can see beautiful buildings All the different like sculptures Yeah, pretty impressive It's a pretty yeah It's a shame it's not You always fly over it too When you fly into Bilbao you'll see it When you fly in because it's right there

Right by the airport It's a shame it's like if it was like you know Paris You'd just be able to get public transport I'm sure there's a bus but Yeah, there's trains There's trains Trains, okay Sounds doable Take a school train Take a picnic Yeah, in fact not too long ago Ramon suggested that he and I do a little excursion To that cemetery And he wanted to sketch That's nice Some architectural features Like whatever or sculptures or whatever He wanted to sketch things that he saw there

And then I was like oh and I want to go just look at the graves Yeah I was like that sounds fun And then we had lunch and then got sleepy and we never went So that's what happened that day Good inspiration But we could do it another day Could be a It's a good idea Yeah, the pod excursion, a pod excursion You in?

She gave us a thumbs up All right, so on Tuesday, November 26 A mass funeral procession took place Transferring all of the coffins through town from La Casilla You all know where that is right? La Casilla to the Lesama railway station in Casco Viejo So I'm assuming it's like San Nicolas area Right Where San Nicolas is today Yeah Because the next stop is Lesama If you take Ushkul train from San Nicolas I think the next stop is Lesama Really?

I think I don't know I believe you So it's near Casco Viejo Yes, we know that But that is a pretty long It's pretty yeah I'd say more than a mile maybe Yeah Maybe two kilometers All through town Yeah, the whole town And that's carrying all these coffins Yeah, forty something Yeah Then at the station they were to be transported on two different trains One train took all of the coffins And the other train held everybody that was going to the burial Right

That went to Dario where they would be laid to rest They were finally laid to rest on November 28th Some forty thousand residents lined the streets to mourn the victims Forty-four white coffins for the children and two black coffins for the two adults passed through the streets on the shoulders of the young people from the sports club So sweet El Pueblo Vasco newspaper recounted

Quote, the parade was impressive, tender and moving. The screams of the mothers of the victims caused crying spells and fainting among women and not a few men End quote I like the detail that they added That's so sad I know I'm not laughing Obviously we're not laughing No, I'm almost crying I know, we're not laughing at the devastation that this caused It's really sad Gay guys gonna cry I'm joking It was all gay men crying, the few men that were gay As if, as if

I'm sorry, we have to make light because this is how we deal with It is, it is We deal with hard things with comedy and levity, right?

Unless this is your first podcast, you know that Yeah, so The funerals were attended by just as many and were held on the 27th in the Cathedral of Santiago in Cascaviejo Yeah, the main old church there Yeah It's very beautiful The families signed a contract that specified that all of the victims were to be buried together and could not exercise their right to recover the bodies at any time in the future Thus keeping intact the giant mausoleum that would be built over their graves Fair enough

So if anyone broke the contract it would fuck up the whole mausoleum Yeah, well, it's a bit imposy-y, but Kind of, yeah, right?

At the same time But I guess I mean it's like a The fact that you had to force people to sign a contract To be like, okay, we know you have the right to get the body of your family member, but We're gonna build this mausoleum to commemorate It sounds like they're paying for it anyway They are The city I guess they're trying to also get out of people suing them, you know, for the health and safety issues Yeah, yeah I'm not sure if that was a thing then, but Well, wait and see Okay

More foreshadowing Kind of, I mean, we'll see, we'll see We'll get your input at the end Much like what happened after the Burmao tragedy, where all the fishermen died, the 116 from Burmao The townspeople set up donations, not only the townspeople in Burmao, but people in Bilbao, all the surrounding area They all set up these donations To assist all the families that were affected by this, right?

Very nice The charity was started by the Ministry of Government, who donated the first 1,000 pesetas And so when I tried to look up how much 1,000 pesetas in 1912 was The page that I always look at breaks down where are you looking?

Yeah Like what you can buy in commodities, is it salary, is it Okay Like, so there's all these different like Ways to look at Ways to look at how much it might be worth today Right So I'm just going to say anywhere from 4,000 to 100,000 It's not 1,000 pesetas Okay Which is a huge, a huge Span Yeah Right?

Yeah Like, so I don't know Anyway, it was a lot of money I guess So they put up the first 1,000 pesetas Sounds like a good decent contribution Yeah So then other associations and entities joined in, like schools Because of course it was all children Right So schools and colleges The students would go out and collect money for the cause Very nice So in the end each family received 31 pesetas and 65 cents Okay So when I looked up Yeah On this same website that I look at

It's anywhere from 140 euros Okay To 3,000 euros Right So I guess It's not that much 200 dollars to, what was it, 3,000?

3,000 Maybe 4,000 dollars Just make it more international for people to understand Oh, dollars, yeah Just thinking Maybe, yeah Out loud Not an official conversion I don't know what the exchange rate is right now I haven't looked in a long time So I don't know It's very close to one It is pretty close But it's like 1.2 A year on the dollar It's pretty close, yeah Maybe I'm exaggerating still So the pain felt by the city was immense, obviously Absolutely Following the tragedy

Only to be replaced by anger and outrage at the actions of the authorities For allowing such a thing to happen in the first place Right, yeah Many felt that the safety and security at the theater was greatly lacking And that someone should pay Right So Would you like to take a break before we go into the investigation and legal shit?

I'm fine, we can go straight in if you like Alright, let's do it Alright, so Let me pour myself a glass of wine Please, we need some special effects To make people join in Well, it's not a champagne cork So, there you go There you go listeners Pouring some wine Some ASMR drinking ASMR? What does that mean?

That's the one where you get close and you're like I'm drinking wine And then you get the special effects, you know Oh, is that the Where they do things like Crinkle Yeah Paper and stuff and people get really turned on by it Or not turned on but maybe like Suited by it sometimes If you're sensitive, you get brain tingles That's what you would technically call it I've had brain tingles A-S-M-I? R, ASMR So what does that stand for?

I couldn't tell you what Sorry, I didn't mean to call you out I mean, I couldn't But I've heard of it and I can't remember what it stands for Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response Oh, okay So it's talking about the meridian in your brain I guess Okay Well, that was for you Ten listeners who have A-S-M-R A-S-M-R You got it I, no No I Never mind, I can't do that Anyway, alright So, the Insanji Circus Theatre was ordered to be closed immediately by the civil governor

The provincial board of shows and the commission of theatres immediately issued rules on the security of facilities And ordered inspections of all the theatres in town One such measure outright prohibited film screenings at the Ariaga Theatre The investigating court opened up legal proceedings that began on the day of the incident The venue would remain closed until a full investigation could be carried out And the city council would determine what legal action should be taken

Sounds very responsible And prompt The first order of business was to photograph the entire establishment and take a statement from the owner, Roman No, Roman, Romon Oh my god Cut that out Bobby's gonna kill me Leave it in Romon, his name's Romon Goi Kocha Next door neighbor or something Next door house Or, house next door The families took part in the legal proceedings and would appear in the case as private prosecutors Good for them So I can't remember if we've already talked about this

I think we did in one of our episodes Anybody can Yes, be part of the prosecution I think it was the BBK one, right? There was a ton of odd kind of associations So like unions could be part of the prosecution as a private prosecutor, right?

Yeah, it's very interesting So the families demanded that the owners of the circus theatre be held responsible Both financially and criminally for their negligence But not only that, they wanted the officials who authorized the establishment to function as a cinema to also be held responsible The investigation determined that the establishment did not meet the security and safety codes and conditions regulated It's okay Regulated at the time

And that they admitted far too many spectators on the night in question Sure The search to determine who had caused the panic and stampede by yelling fire was never determined It had been speculated that the person who yelled fire did so in response to a scuffle that had occurred when a man was messing with a young woman in the upper floor seating It has been agreed since then that the incident that had incited the yell was perhaps someone looking for assistance and not meaning to cause a panic

So that made me think So some young lady or girl, as there was a lot of children, teenagers present, was being harassed by some probably greasy old dude Probably, sounds like it Fucking with her and she didn't know what else to do to get Yeah, attention maybe Attention or to like distract him or distract everybody around him Yeah Which is really sad, right? It's very sad, I mean it sounds very plausible, as you say we can't know I know, but isn't that awful?

It's really sad, really sad I mean it makes perfect sense, it's like what do you do when you don't know what to do Yeah Interestingly that's one of the things you're told to do Yeah Oh really Or more likely to pay attention Oh my gosh, that's ridiculous There you go That's 2023 recommendations Cause that'll get more attention than somebody yelling help, that's so sad Yeah, I mean, there must be a good alternative in 2023, you know? Yeah, what do you yell?

I don't know A rat Rat Woo, that really freaks out A rat Cucaracha I mean, what's a cucaracha again? Roaches A roach Cockroaches Okay Snake I don't know But snake doesn't freak me out Too much induendo in there Yeah, anyway Bats Yeah, I don't know what I would yell Crocodile Yeah That would be scary I don't know, what would you yell?

Yeah, I don't know To get attention Maybe knife He's got a gun No, that would also cause panic Yeah Like knife is more like, you can't reach me, let's look over Like if it's not next to me, you can't shoot at me, right? Yeah, but if you want others to help you Right, so you're trying to get them to help you or to get the guy to stop bothering you You have to yell something that's going to cause almost pandemonium around you, right?

Shit He's shat his pants There's nothing else to yell Fire Fire, that's it That's it, that's all there is That's not all there is, Julie Well, you come up with one I've been just now for about 15 seconds And I can't come up with one I'm going to go for crocodile, I think Crocodile, come on We're going to just think you're on drugs How about pizza? Also on drugs Free pizza No, it's not going to work Anyway So, sadly, that's probably what happened, right?

I mean, it sounds like it I'm trying to get this old scummy guy off of her Yeah, pretty sad So, the city council also made up part of the prosecution, retaining a lawyer throughout the court investigation to represent them The press also took it upon themselves to find the culprits responsible for the tragedy Interesting Most publications of the time held a trial by media, pinning the crime on the owners of the circus theater Joan Coicoachea and Felipe Revuelto

Their crime was the fact that the doors were locked, preventing exit and the general state of the building The one staircase Yeah For all those people Fair argument But the newspapers El Noticiero, El Baíno and El Liberal went after the entertainment board and the civil governor who had inspected the venue and granted them the necessary permits to operate Yeah, it's fair, I suppose, as well This permission was given only a couple months before all this happened

and had come on the heels of that tragedy that befell the cinema at La Luz de Villarreal in Castellón where those 69 people lost their lives So it was just after that that they had granted them permission There should have been better measures in place, protocols, whatever you want to say So official accusations were submitted on December 17th of 1912 The defendants being Ramón Coicoachea and Felipe Revuelto as the owners of Ensanche Circus Theater

and three of their ushers who were on staff the night of the disaster and therefore deemed responsible for the state of affairs or at least the state of the exit doors Yeah So they probably locked, I was thinking this, I was thinking they probably locked those doors to prevent people from sneaking in and getting a free show Yeah, yeah That was probably what protocol was at the venue Like we're going to only man this door and make sure that only the people come in have paid for their ticket

and these two are going to remain locked so that people don't sneak in Yeah You know, like such a fucking business-y mindset, right?

Unfortunately, yeah So they're just, you know, these poor ushers are being accused of a crime Yeah, that's not When it's like at the behest of their boss Yeah, that's not really fair at all either I know So in addition, a request was made to submit a petition with the Supreme Court to issue an indictment against the civil governor, Manuel Novella Novella, sorry, Novella for having authorized the establishment's right to function as a cinema when it did not meet the standard requirements

However, the advisory board of theaters and the technical commission escaped being named in the indictment because they simply held an advisory role, leaving the ultimate decision to be made by the civil governor This petition to the Supreme Court was denied by the Bilbao, the Bilbo, Bilbao provisional court Provincial court, sorry, provincial court In November of the following year, 1913, the investigating court terminated all proceedings

and did not follow through on the prosecution of the owners of the venue or their employees, the ushers So it all came to nothing and nobody was held responsible Yeah, I mean, they tried They tried, I mean So that's what happened I mean, definitely a tragedy Lots of people died A big tragedy And nobody could be pinned for it Yeah, typically when money's involved somehow Everybody slips through the little corners Yeah Very sad I'm going to show you some pictures Okay

And then we'll talk about them Okay That appeared like in the press, right, after the fact Let's go for it We're going to try and release these after we release the episode To sum this up, the only other press that the two owners received after this Was that Felipe Revuelto So his name is Revuelto, right?

It's interesting So he appears in the news later, the only other time he appears in the news after this Is for selling eggs in the street Hilarious And being denounced or reported for not being registered to do so As an egg seller But I want you to explain to our listeners why that is a funny thing Because Revuelto literally means, it can mean scrambled eggs Yeah Which is Like if you order something like a revuelto, like de hongos, right?

So like a mushroom revuelto It means that you're getting scrambled eggs with mushrooms Yeah, exactly So that was funny I mean it could mean a revolt, you know, it could mean Yeah, I mean it could be upheaval, like revuelto is just like an upheaval, right? Like something that gets mixed up and churned A mix up A churning of some events or something So it could be like a revuelto of like People that get pissed off and start a revolt, right?

Yeah, like what you were saying I mean it's just, I never heard that But we also call it in like gastronomic terms It's funny that he was selling eggs Busted for selling eggs without the proper permits Yeah, hilarious I mean There's this theory, right? I forget how it's called But like how people with a certain name They end up doing professions When you look at the name you're like Really?

And there's an argument that you were just drawn to that You're like born into it It's just because of your name I mean, because I know that your surname Like original surnames are because of what you did, right?

Your profession Yeah, yeah A lot of surnames are based on He is the blacksmith of the town or whatever So they get names like that because of it But then you're saying that like people that have those names Just kind of get led into those industries Yeah, like you know, I mean not I mean Baker is just The examples that I remember reading They're just so odd, you know But it's like I keep seeing it a lot Like just, you know, you read somebody who's got a name related to birds

An area like studying birds, you know And it's like, oh, that's kind of cute, you know But you know, that kind of thing It's just you It's not like it clearly wasn't a profession But like it's related so you end up You know, it seems like you're kind of like Drawn to Drawn to, yeah Like if your name is Star You end up being an astronomer I mean, that kind of thing Like it's clearly they weren't an astronomer Who knows why you're called Star Yeah

Anyway, but that Revozdo is a hilarious one, right? I know, right?

It's a very good one I kind of laughed when you said it Well, as did I That's excellent The fact that you came out selling eggs as well And that's the only like that's after this That's the only time he appeared in the papers or for anything Seems like he felt In the records, I should say He felt in hard times This is like a This is from that archive that I found from the Biscayah archive Oh The news report So and then for Ramon Goicochea Very respectable surname even today

He basically just continued his life in show business So from 1918 to 1923 he was named as the managing director of the Albia Society Which operated the Colosseum Albia So Nice That's the only time he ever appeared in records like official public records after that So he continued in the business Unscathed Yeah Fascinating story I mean I you know I'm never going to go through Mojua again without remembering this story and how responsible the The The mayor was and I guess it's a memory

I was going to show you Okay so just while we're still recording and we were talking about like the press stuff So here's the image Wow That was in the paper where it said that they wouldn't let women Look at the children Yeah Right they wouldn't let children women in to look at the children So that's the paper image Very basic Yeah very low But you can It's actually people Yeah crying and All the photos Then they've cut it and they've put this pile of clothes so this pile of clothes Right

Are what was found at the base of the stairs Right So here's an image of the stairwell where they all got trapped Wow If you can see it Megan I don't know if you can see it Very sad looking just Yeah basically So all these clothes that were This is what these are the photos they took the day after right Very basic kind of hall basically Not much detail Yeah staircase Yeah the bottom of the staircase Very black and white very low These are all the doctors that Good selection of doctors there

That was like the ones on the scene helping everybody all men of course 12 guys I mean they're probably They're white coats Any female doctors at that point Yeah probably Yeah I'm guessing And then here's the children some of the children A lot of very young kids Great Surprisingly they had a lot of photographs right Like that's not very common back then right to have a photograph I mean you know 1800s I don't know when it started but Yeah but like 1900s You'd have to go to a studio right

And have somebody take your photo and pay for it right Yeah Those are some of the pictures The kids Yeah So this is a pretty cool Resourced archive right Absolutely beautiful images Beautiful images Dead child Anyway It's pretty cool I'll send this to you guys so you can look at it if you want to Because look at all these like handwritten stuff I mean I guess we could put a link too in our social media And people could look at it

It's all in Spanish but you're going to just Google translate everything right Or just translate it That's what you do Here's all the headlines right Of the day The newspapers La gaceta del norte El pueblo vasco Pictures of the funeral procession Wow A lot of people It's pretty crazy That looks like the Enderio at the cemetery right Yeah That's them arriving in the old town With the white Coffin as you said for the children Mm-hmm Yeah Very sad day But you know it's interesting how it

Fills in our Kind of impression of the bow right We go past these places There's a good shot From Aranel over to Asensie Everybody arriving from there Yeah That's a beautiful image Yeah Very beautiful So if we can link this Archive Yeah just include On the show notes for the episode Yeah It's pretty great I'll add it in the Instagram Pictures Yeah that's the great The tomb now what do you call it The mausoleum so they put all the coffins there They're just all lined up like

So the last part of my story was just to like And I'm going to freelance this because I didn't Write it out I didn't have time So I'll just tell you about what they did For the mausoleum Mm-hmm Let's finish it up then Okay So the mausoleum Was a structure Right like so I just showed you the image So they basically made a mass grave With all the coffins lined up It's like five people Like in a row in a row Rows and columns About ten people Yeah So 44 in total I think Yeah Were buried there Yeah

Because I don't know if all of them Went there I think it was like 46 died in total but I think Only 44 or 42 Signed a paper Yeah Something like that Something like that around there Okay so they're all lined up and then they Built this mausoleum on top of it On top of like a building Yeah So the names of all the victims Are inscribed on the wall Of the mausoleum Then there's all these symbolic Elements that are on the On the mausoleum On the building So there's a sarcophagus Sarcophagus yeah

What is that?

It's like you know I didn't have time to look at it Like if you imagine the Tutankhamun sarcophagus It's like a kind of stone made Let's say coffin Where you put the body inside Or you know like the kings They build a big stone effigy of the king Lying and then his body is in science That's a sarcophagus So you know Okay Like a place to put a body Okay So I guess that image or that is Sculpted on it Okay With figures of children Surrounded, dressed in like classical attire Interesting Yeah

Then there is a grieving female Figure on one side And then the figure of the god Kronos Right That is A winged old man with a long beard Holding an hourglass To represent the passage of time I guess it's also how early they were taken From life The children right Yeah A bronze relief of the biblical passage from Christ Let the children come close to me Very romantic And then it's framed by two columns One of which is full And then the other one is truncated Truncated like a half Truncated yeah

Half column To symbolize that their lives were cut short Right Very symbolic So that's like the imagery on the mausoleum Interesting We'll go look at it See if it matches what I just said That's what I read Let's hope it does I mean it's definitely I'm being curious We're gonna see it We're gonna see it Now this is nothing what I read Anyway If that does happen we'll make it like a special episode We'll go to the cemetery and we'll say like listen What I read did not match what we saw

Well I think it'll We'll definitely find those elements So the project was by the architect Ricardo Bastida And it was built under the direction of master builder Benito Sumalde And all of The Bastida is very famous Sumalde no The Bastida is more famous I suppose Bastida Ricardo Bastida the architect I think so because there's a number of things like the Parque de los Patos you know Oh really I don't know There's like elements that he built there Okay I did not know

And then there's like another old building that was built by him I forget which But I'm still standing Okay So he's well no Okay Don't recognize the other window but I'm not an expert as you say So all the This is the most interesting thing for me is that all the sculpting work or the sculpture work was done by the students of the school of arts and crafts Oh that's very nice So it was under the supervision of the sculptor Okay In one place I read Can you read this Iginio Iginio right

And then another place Diego Very different So I don't know if his name is Iginio or Diego Bastida This is agreed on that this is certain Okay So the city spent forty thousand pesetas on building this mausoleum and the funeral expenses There was a court there was of course a bid to design it But they did not make it public because they didn't want to like extend the process and then make it more expensive Sure So they just sent had four architects present their ideas and that was Ricardo Bastida

Bastida the one Got the bid So the city also allotted one thousand more additional money to share among the students who had made the sculptures That's fair The ones that like created the artwork right And the only reason we know their names is because the school documented the payments out to these students So I'll tell you their names all right So these are the students that were the sculptors Manuel Moreno Jose Castrillon Jose Maria Garros And Juan No sorry Juan Lopez And Juan And Gerard

Gerard Gerard Gerard Interesting So the final the thing was completed and presented in May of 1916 Nice nice And then all I can tell you about where the theater once stood today in Bilbao is that from 1920 to 1925 The Caja Municipal de Arroz Arroz Arroz God damn it Savings Bank The Savings Bank let's say was was there from those years for five years And then they built 113 homes So now it's just Apartments I mean it must be quite nice looking So we have to go Nice area

Another excursion let's go see this block where this theater once stood Oh and I should show you before I leave Before we move on too far Yeah To connect to the sculpture and the graves My great grandfather Was a stone sculpture and he there's quite a number of graves Both from our family and not from our family that were sculpted by him So one of the images I had in my mobile for years was one of his sculptures of an angel Nice In marble it's really beautiful so Lovely

Little family connection there There's a picture of the The actual theater The building Wow Yeah It looks pretty somber for today's day but it is a black and white image But look it looks like dirt streets right Yeah yeah Both of them Both of them was dirt streets I think it is paved but you know they had the horses so Yeah so there's just horse shit everywhere That's what I've been hearing more and more That's what you're hearing more and more there's horse shit everywhere

And today just dog shit It's just the Because there's just so many dogs in Bilbao A lot of people are talking from the change from horses to cars Because we're moving from gas cars to electric And they're just pointing out how you know these things happen It changes from you know in a few years it's different And then all these consequences like clean streets and stuff And like they're saying the air is going to be so much cleaner very soon so There's going to be a lot less like lung cancer

Yeah yeah What do you call it? Palombo what was that? And they put inside gas Lead Lead, gas right Yeah This kind of shit stuff in the air Yeah And like it was interesting somebody was talking how like electric cars barely break Because you've got a system where you when you slow down You get that energy into the batteries again right So you recover that energy So you basically almost like they're having problems with cars that just don't use their brakes Too suddenly or what?

No they just don't use the brakes ever So then five years later first time you actually need to use the brakes It's like oh they're not working now because they've never been used Oh Right it's a funny weird problem but one of the things that the guy was saying was That there's all this like heavy metal in the material And I need my remote control Oh here it is Wait wait wait Okay I mean I don't think it's a real problem But it should be fine Just in case Yeah yeah

We had an emergency with the TV But with the screen But basically like he was saying that there's this heavy metal inside the brakes Like normal cars use all the time And it becomes dust and this heavy metal is freaking dust now And I'm like you know there's so many bad things with that Yes absolutely So I'm waiting for cars that don't need freaking brakes Everything's bad So Not good for us It's going in a good direction Going in a good direction Surely Absolutely I agree There's no reason

That's what progress is right It's always finding ways for better things That's what I'm saying Just waiting to hail that AI Over lord am I Or lord S Whatever Anyway Douglas Do we have a mini crime time So Mini mini mini mini mini mini mini mini crime time See you can't use that song We're gonna get like sued for I mean I'm sure That's the Batman after that song I'm sure I did it wrong I'm sure I didn't do enough bars We're gonna have to like bleep that out I mean exactly

So that we don't get sued Am I backwards It's pretty close Thank you I think they could reasonably Not that we could You know we have any money for anyone to take You know I've been suing you By suing us I like that intro And it's like But I don't know how many minis And then if you have to be fast with the first three minis And then you have to go higher Crime time I do that But I think I think it's misremembered That's why I think it's Misremembered You have a silly mini crime time

Yeah that's pretty dumb You have a silly silly silly Oh it's just you know my daily life isn't that exciting Everybody's So this is related to food delivery These are the things that are crimes in my life From the food supermarket Yeah I went to the supermarket And oh my gosh Tell our listeners So I went to the supermarket I won't name the chain What really Yeah let's not But went to checkout First is the first thing There's two Is it a big PASC company Or is it a big French company

We don't need A big Spanish company Nice try Nice try Yeah So I'm in the checkout And I have a lot of stuff Which was the plan Because I wanted to have it delivered So you have to buy enough Right To hit a certain money amount Right And so I'm in the line And when I got up to the Checkout Checkout Well when you get up to They always have a line right And then they have a little computer screen Or whatever A monitor That tells you which checkout lane is available Go to number two Yeah yeah

So it sent me to number four And when I arrived the lady said I said this is for delivery I just told her because that's what you do And she says She goes You need to tell somebody If you want to have a delivery And I said Tell who Like who was I supposed to talk to You're telling her right now I'm telling you the first employee I've run into Because she's like Because we normally do that in checkout line Nine And yeah when I asked her Who I should have told She just ignored me and started

Packing up my stuff So that was the first one Okay Not to hold any crime Well then today I got the delivery And for some fucking weird reason I got a little sachet of albaca Fresh basil Basil yeah And it was soaking wet Yeah It was like completely wet Okay odds So maybe they put it with my frozen peas Or something Because it wasn't in the same bag as the frozen peas Right But something happened to the basil at some point That would burn the basil And then it was all It was all wet

It was just soaked you know So that's not going to keep it from more than a day So you can't have it in the fridge for a week Well you could probably put it like in a You could probably squeeze out the liquid And like put it in a sauce maybe And save it that way Or a dressing Yeah I mean if you use it like today Or stick it in freezer That would for sure be useful Oh yeah that might work But still many crimes Right Right Horrified I know I'm not But everybody That's about the extent of my life

Take care of your basil Take care of your wife No take it home Don't have it delivered Is what the lesson here is I was quoting that song What was it Take care of your basil Take care of your wife Is that what the guy said No No He's talking about Antoine The bed intruder The bed intruder yeah Song The famous song He says hide your kids Hide your wife Hide your basil Hide your basil Hide your wife And that's our mini crime time for today I don't know if we can be Sufi Anton for that Probably not

We didn't sing it No we're giving him plugs man True true Go check it out We're promoting Antoine Alright well that's it for my mini crime time It's been a pleasure listening to it See you guys soon Dudes And we would like to thank you for all listening to us Blabber on about stuff Yes It's always a pleasure to learn About the Basque Country The city I live How stupid people are Yeah and let us know if you want to hear anything Actually

You can also write to us and tell us what you want to hear about Story suggestions Not suggestions only but like Do you want to hear more about The type of crime Basque culture or More historical things Language or I don't know Whatever you want to hear We're into a lot of Sufi Tell us what to tell you about So we're open to all that Not that we don't have a lot to go with Okay So don't worry We still have a lot of You know We just like to interact with the public It's great fun Sure it's fun

To get inspiration from other places Well we're here for you We're not just here to just talk to each other Because we do that all the time anyway We do that anyway We don't broadcast most of our conferences No never Can you believe Of course not You wouldn't want to hear it I mean maybe some people would I definitely enjoy them all So you know I enjoy talking to you Douglas Me too And like always It's been a pleasure It's been an absolute pleasure So we bid you Agur

Crimes of the Basque Lands is written and produced by Douglas Di Carvalho Julie Garcia and Megan Dooley The sound and editing for each episode by Douglas Di Carvalho and Megan Dooley Theme song written by Douglas Di Carvalho Julie Garcia and Megan Dooley Sung by the choir with no name and produced by Tom Squires Podcast art by Distinct Signal Follow us on Instagram and Facebook at Crimes of the Basque Lands and contact us at crimesofthebastelands.gmail.com with story ideas worldwide

which have a connection to the Basque Country or any rave reviews If you like our podcasts please subscribe, like, rate and review wherever you get your podcasts Until next time Agur