I'm Mad As Owl!

We'll find out why you don't want to get on the bad side of skunks, sea hair, squeaking frogs, stuck up stick bugs, and many other furious creatures discover this mor as we answer to the angel question, are owls just cats with wings? Joining me today to Get Angry is cartoonist, TV writer and filmmaker Anna Selina's welcome. I'm so happy to be here. I was inspired to do this episode about angry animals because as your dog is mad at you right now, I heard through the grape

vine the dog rumor mill. It's true, and it's a vicious dog rumor mill. But my dog, Eady is a puppy. She's six months old, she just got spayed, and she has to wear a cone and like she's the couest, happiest puppy and she's so funny pissed right now, Like she just glares at me. She keeps getting stuff stuck in her cone, like bones get stuck, but she's like chewing on. It's a really miserable time for a dog to be and it's all your fault, and I feel guilty.

I'm like, I'm sorry, but it's the law. I had to do it. You monster, How could you put her in a cone? Like all she wants to do is like chew at her stitches, so you have to keep bring your back in. But no, you gotta make your look so achelous. Martini glass Martini. How does she how does she express her frustration and indignation with you? She'll sigh, yes, yeah, I guess that it's a dog thing, like she will.

First of all, she'll try to itch and can't, and then we'll like kind of freak out and go with circles, and then we'll just stop and go yep, and then look up at me like you did this, and I'll never forget you and be dramatized forever and be on

the floor. Yeah, yeah, no, my dog has mastered the angry sigh where she her thing is if I'm not if I stopped playing with her at any point, like when she wants to play, like we can have been playing and playing and then I stopped, and then she will put her little chin right next to whatever toy. It is that that I am not cooperating and throwing around and look at me and as go yep, and it's meant to hurt me. Yeah, right, And that's I think that's what it is. It's like, look what you're doing.

What I mean, look what you're doing to me? You a monster. Well, today we are talking about the ways animals communicate to you that they are angry or scared. Usually, anger and fear are very connected in in the animal kingdom, and I would say in human psychology too, it's they're very linked. Like when you're scared, you get mad. Sometimes you get so mad you get scared. You know, It's

like they're they're very actually similar emotions. And and I think fear can lead to anger, and so a lot of these anger responses that you see in animals is maybe more accurately described as a fear response, but they that they channel that fear into this like angry response to try to protect themselves, to try to ward off predators, which I feel like if you really psychoanalyze some humans, that's probably the reason for a lot of anger in our own society too. Right, Oh yeah, I mean this

is as you're describing that. I'm like, oh yeah, that pretty much describes a fringe political movements. That's what a lot of people who are very afraid and then come together and anger. Yes, I yeah, I couldn't have put it better myself. It is look and we can see that in the Animal Kingdom. So we're not alone in our horrible French book. Okay, maybe we are, Maybe we

are a little bit. But we are going to talk about skunks first because I think they are sort of the most famous in terms of their response when you piss them off. So, I mean everyone basically knows how it works, right You you anger a skunk, you make a skunk feel like you are in their space, they will spray you with stinky stuff. So let's talk about what exactly happens when you get sprayed by a skunk. So Scotts generally don't want to spray you. They they're

not like looking to to stink you up. But it's not like you know, I know that you may think that if you have a skunk mechanism, like every problem when you have a hammer looks like a nail. Every problem when you're a skunk looks like someone to get stink on. That's not good. It's not good. That's not a good thing. But whatever. So skunks will be very reticent to spray you because they kind of don't want to like have the confrontation get to that point, and

it actually costs them in resources. So when you agitate or scare a skunk, first, they'll try foot stomping, which I love, just anchor stomping its feet. I know, I know, it's adorable. It would make me want to hug them more, and then I would get sprayed. So then after the foot stomping comes hissing and puffing out its tail and curling it it's back like a cat. Uh, you know, the the classic cat response to when you've pissed them off, when you're about like point zero two seconds away from

getting your face ripped off. So if that doesn't work, if you're still like I'm I'm gonna come up to this skunk and we're gonna be friends, and I'm gonna hug it, and and it's it's stamping its feet and hissing and you're just not picking up those social cues. They'll do a handstand showing you it's anal arsenal of scent glands, and if that's not a clue for you

to hit the road, they will then spray you. So the reason they're actually hesitant to spray is they only have about five stink bullets in the chamber before they run out of juice, and it actually takes them over a week for them to produce enough to refill and recharge the anal glands. So they don't want to use all that up if they can otherwise avoid confrontation. But they as a last resort, do they ever walk around just totally depleted? I mean, that's a good question, I imagine.

So if they continue to get it attacked by some kind of like very stink resists, stink resistant animal, they may in fact have that issue. In fact, we'll talk about an animal that they really do have to worry about because they are stinkproof. Um. So, uh, the two stink glands on either side of its anus can spray, a jet of the of the spray spray a jet of the fluid up to ten ft or three meters far due to these really strong muscles that push on the glands. It's like a muscle that just like squeezes

the gland like it's a turkey baster. Joy. I'm looking at this picture the skunk that's actually this is actually not a skunk. So that's really funny. I didn't include a picture of the skunk because it's like, ah, you know what a skunk looks like, but that's not a skunk, and we're going to talk about that. That felt a minute, but this is I'm kind of pleased to hear you say that, because we're The interesting thing about that animal that we're going to talk about is it looks exactly

like a skunk. You think it's a skunk black and it's not a fluffy tail. Yeah, that's a shocking. It's a case of parallel evolution. It's really interesting. So well, now I have googled a picture of a real skunk, and I'm even more convinced these two animals are exactly the same. But there's so cute. I mean, skunks and I actually have a skunk that lives in my backyard that like I have to be aware of and not go to pias, give it its space. But they look

like fluffy little cats. I just say, I wish. Do people have skunks as pets every world? They do? They do, And actually there's a surgery think that they do on these skunks that basically removes the anal glands so that that they're not so stinky. But yeah, people do keep skunks as pets. I wouldn't say. I mean, my general philosophy on pets is, you know, like we already have cats and dogs, which are much easier to keep as pets, so I not to go with the go with the animal.

You don't have to remove the anal stink glands from to have it be livable with you. But look, I mean, I think in terms of in terms of like exotic pets, they're not. They're not like the worst exotic pets to have. It seems like they're they're pretty cute and they're not. I would say, as long as you're not like bringing them somewhere where they're not like, uh, they they're not

a native species, so you're not potentially introducing an invasive spee. She's, uh, you know, admittedly I don't know too much about it, but like it's probably not like a terrible pet. I don't really know, but I wouldn't just get one on a whim. Yeah, yeah, And I look, I'm not trying to get a skunk as a pet, but if anyone out there has one, right in, send me pictures, let me know how it is. I'd imagine they do like digging a lot, so I imagine they really like to burrow.

So they're probably pretty destructive, like sort of like people who keep ferrets as pets. They love to dig, they love to rip things up. So there, you have to know what you're getting into with these non traditional or

exotic pets is that they can be very destructive. They can have a lot of energy, and so you you don't want to like get a pet like that, thinking it like it's just gonna be like, oh, it's just a stripy kitty, and then it ruins your your house, uh, and then you like don't know what to do with it, or like you know, give it up because you weren't prepared for it. So yeah, you know, you have to know what you're going to get into and you keep something like a skunk corch. I think for most people

it's probably not an ideal pet. I'm going to say, right, they are adorable. In fact, there are pet skunks that are like albino pet skunks and they're so cute because they got little pink noses. Adorable and they're a little they're little topads, are really cute and it just got these little puffy topads because they love they dig and burrows, so they have these like tough reinforced toepads that makes

it easier to dig and burrow. But they're very cute. Um, but stinky, and that stink is uh, you know, it's no joke. The fluid that they spray out of their anal glands, it contains sulfurous compounds and in addition to being stinky, can irritate the skin and cause temporary blindness if it gets into the eyes. So it's not just the foul odor. It's actually an irritant. So an animal that gets it on it will have a double whammy the bad odor and little sting and potentially even blind

them for a little while. And the stink is so potent that humans can detect it almost four miles away from the source, which is six kilometers. So yeah, it's interesting. So all the times I've smelled skunk, it might not be because there was a skunk nearby. Yeah, I mean it's like it could be up to almost four miles away. Yeah, which is like immaterial. I feel like it's like, yeah, it skunks four miles away. I'm cool. That's a thirty

minute drive in l A. Yeah. Yeah, I mean yes in l A. Like you smell a skunk and to take you an hour to get there. Uh, yeah, it's I mean it is interesting because it really when you think about how potent it is far away, like to get a face full of the stuff. Now, I've never been sprayed by a skunk. I mean I'm sure there are people who have actually experienced directly getting sprayed by the skunk. I can't imagine it. It seems like I think I would just die because I have a pretty

sensitive nose. I get a really strong gag reflex when it comes to bad smells, and I think I would just die instantly, like you have to use baking soda and hydrogen peroxide to get it out. Like it's I think my soul would leave my body just to escape the stink. It's such an effective defense that they don't have that many regular predators because most of them learn

it's not a good time. The only animal they really have to worry about on a regular basis is the great horned owl because great horned owls do not have great senses of smell. They have incredible eyesight, incredible hearing, but they don't really rely on their smell. So to an owl like the great horn owl, it's no big deal if they get sprayed. So they will often eat skunks. So that is the one predator that they probably try to deploy these stink bullets over and over again. It

just doesn't have that much of an effect on them. Wow, that's so interesting. Who do that in the animal kingdom? Like the most powerful weapon would be smell? Yeah, it can be extremely powerful. In fact, it's we see this evolve over and over again, not just in the skunk,

but in other animals. So um, like I was talking about earlier, when you when you cheated and look the head and then I'm kidding, but you know when you look at that, when you looked at that image, that is not a skunk, That is a striped pull cat, and they are only distantly related. And this is a case of parallel evolutions. So it looks like a skunk. Uh, And it's not a skunk, it's not a cat. And I don't think it's a pole. I guess it's vaguely pole shaped. But yeah, it is in the weasel family,

including badgers, otters, weasels, ferrets, and more. And so they're a somewhat distant relative of the skunk. The skunk is part of the weasel super family, which is a larger category than just the weasel family and the weasel super Family, which sounds like a great Like that sounds like a great new Marvel movie, The weasel Superfamily just family, the family of superpowered weasels. I would watch that. I would watch that. Weasels are speaking of cute animals, I mean,

weasels are really cute. Yeah, Like, like, the weasel family includes things that aren't like, not what we would call weasels, like otters, badgels, bade otters, and badgers. Um. But weasels themselves are as cute as they are. They are so deadly, not not to humans but to other animals. They are surprisingly very effective carnivores, and they can take down things that are bigger than them. They can take down surprisingly like like they will take down birds of price sometimes.

It's pretty incredible. So, okay, I have to ask this though, so otters are in the weasel families, so they're not that related to dogs. Then are they otters where the dogs of the sea. No, No, otters are not that closely related to dogs. They are in the weasel family. They're they're so social, they're so like to look at otters and they're like linking arms floating, and I just I was like, oh, yeah, that's a dog on water. They do seem they do seem like the puppies of

the ocean. Interestingly, so pinnipeds, which are also like seals and like other seal like animals, the sea lion and walrus is, those are all pinnipeds and they they also seem like they're the dogs of the sea, like the puppies of the sea. But they actually, while they are not in the weasel superfamily, they did branch off um sort of from a common ancestor of the weasel super family, so that they're closer to weasels than dogs. Sea lions I think so, I believe. So that's mind blowing. Yeah,

that's earth shattering because they also look like puppies. They do. They really do. Also, hyenas not closely related to dogs, more closely related to felines than they are to dogs. What Oh my gosh. That's what's so crazy about um. About like evolution is that you if you have a form that is relatively successful, you'll see convergent and parallel evolution where either related, distantly related, or unrelated species will evolve similar traits, as we'll see here in this this

distinct section of the show. So, like I was saying earlier, they are distantly related to the skunks, and that they're both part of the weasel super families. So that is a larger grouping of species that also includes raccoons, red pandas, and skunks. M hm, okay, So skunks live exclusively in the America's like you know, people in North America and and uh, we're certainly accustomed to skunks here. Um. While pole cats live in the savannah areas of central southern

and sub Saharan Africa. They're about the same size as like a medium to small smaller sized skunk species and specimens. While skunks are omnivores, striped pole cats are carnivores, only eating meat, so they eat small rodents, reptiles, and insects. Skunks will also eat meat, but they will eat vegetation and basically anything that they can find and put in their mouths and get get down there, which I relate to it. They'll take anything. I like it. Lobe are.

Skunks are crepuscular, which sounds gross, but it just means more active at dusk and dawn, while striped polk cats are active at night. They're nocturnal. Interesting, they look very similar. So striped polk cats are black with white stripes or dark brown with white stripes, maybe a little a few white spots that run along their backs, very similar to the skunk. I mean, it fooled you, and I was convinced, and it makes me wonder the times I saw. I mean,

where are these? Where do you find? These? Are only in uh on the African continent probably, yeah, maybe I've seen them ad But they look I mean, they look identical except their stripe pattern. It's just a little different. Like if I if one of these guys somehow made it to America and I saw it, I think it was a skunk, like, you know, even even knowing about it, even with the fore knowledge of the stifferent species, I would still be fooled. They're very similar looking. You would

stay away from it knowing it would spray you. Well, I mean, the thing is they do. This is what's so interesting is that not only do they look like a skunk, but they also spray like a skunk. And yet they have evolved independently. While they share common ancestor, they're not like, you know, they didn't evolve branch off from skunks or something. That's not why they look so similar.

They both independently evolved their their stripes, their appearance, and this spray, and it's there's a reason that they both have this this black and white striped appearance, and that is it's a pi semicism. It's advertising that they have this capability of of of defensive spraying. And you know, unlike maybe other types of animals, mammals struggle to have

like super bright coloration. So having like a black and white pattern in white stripes is gonna be a very strong signal for a mammal who has sort of a more limited palette than say like you know, you know, with like poison arrow frogs, they can be bright red or bright blue to advertise their poison. Mammals typically don't

have that kind of color range. So um so having a bold pattern and very huge contrast, which you can't get much more contrast than black and white, is a way for them to have a bold pattern that will warn potential predators that they actually have this feature, and so predators will learn, hey, when last time I tried to mess with one of these skunks in America, I got sprayed, So I learned the skunk pattern, and then an animal in Africa will learn like, hey, last time

I tried one of these pull cats, it had this black white pattern. I got sprayed. I'm not gonna mess with them again. So it's just so cool. Though it seems like, how could this possibly be a coincident, it's coin sidents. It's not necessarily that it's a coincidence that they both evolved this way. It's that it's such an effective strategy that, uh, you know, and you give it, you give it enough millions of years, it's you know, it's a good chance it's going to happen. That's amazing.

It's amazing that these stripes are so functional. Yeah, yeah, they are fashionable and functional. So they really are. And so they will spray anyone who makes them too uncomfortable. They will. They have a slightly different strategy than the skunks. I don't believe they do the handstand thing that American skunks do. I think that they will arch their backs, they raise their tails sort of like a cat. Um doesn't sprays anyone who gets too close with a noxious,

smelly and irritating fluid from their anal glance. So that sounds familiar, doesn't it. Yeah, it's it's really interesting. So you have these things that look so similar to a skunk, and while they do share a distant relative, it seems I think the their evolutionary paths just were in terms of developing the stink spray and their stripes were relatively independent, which is so cool. It seems like it's a good life to be a pole cat or a skunk because

most animals don't mess with you. Granted, you have to worry about the owl, but so do squirrels. I assume, like I assume all the other rodents and everything have to worry about owls. So you just get to be like you get to roam, you know. I feel like they probably have a little swagger. Probably. Also, we should worry about owls more. I'm just saying, yeah, just saying. Owls are terrifying. They really are. I mean like, I love them. I love them. I love to be scared

by them. But they are scary when you think about it. They are the way their next move, their talents. Yeah, we're actually going to talk about some owls later on in the show, so, uh, prepare yourself for that. It's actually really cute. But um, so this, uh, there's one uh like to demonstrate how universal that stinky spray really is. Let's look at an extremely different animal than the skunk or the pull cap. And this is the sea hair, which is a species of sea slug, a sea dwelling gastropod.

They're called the sea hair because they have what looks like rabbit ears. These are really rhinofores, so they are sent taste receptors on their head that looks like a pair of bunny ears. Uh. Otherwise, there resemblance to a rabbit I think is rather vague because they look more like a slug creature with weird folds on their back. So when sea hairs are agitated, they will release an inky,

purple or magenta ish substance. It's actu beautiful, it's quite pretty looking, which is full of opaline and ammonium from ink glands in their mantle cavity. So just a quick like explanation of the anatomy of the sea hair. So the mantle cavity is the area sort of in the center of its body. It's inside of what looks like these like folded up wings like there, or like flaps on the side of their body. Um, So it's like

in there. Those skin flaps are called parapodia, and they can actually use them similar to wings when they're swimming, but when they're just kind of like crawling around, they're usually folded up and they look it makes them actually look pretty plant like because it's like they look like these sort of I don't know, just like like some

kind of like yeah, yeah, exactly. Um. And speaking of plants, the ink that that purple purple ish ink is thought to be derived from red algae eat that they eat, and the compounds they use in in the ink is that they get from their diet. So what's interesting about this skunk spray of ink is it's a little different from other animals who use the defensive spray technique. So there's like you know, from from skunks to pole cats to like you have stink beetles who do the same thing.

You have some species of bird chicks vomit dispensive vomit at predators. That's like stinky and irritating. So that like the stinky irritating thing is a very common defense mechanism. Now, the thing the sea hairs do is a bit of a honeypot trap. So they spray this purple ink and it actually attracts predators like lobsters who like to eat sea hairs, and they will try to ingest the stuff,

so they like suck up this this ink. Not only does it distract them away from the sea hair, giving the sea hair and opportunity to escape, it actually cloggs up their scent and taste receptors and makes it so that they can no longer smell. It's like it's like a reverse sting. It's the inverse of a skunk spray, where it makes you not be able to smell anything at all. So which need in the ocean if you're some sort of sea creature, because that's how you're sensing

things exactly. Yes. So so those those big antenna that that um lobsters have that you always see waving around from you and and seafood restaurants, they use those to kind of like smell or taste the water. They're they're chemo receptors, so they can use them to hunt down prey. So if they get clogged by the compounds in this inky substance that the sea hare sprayed, they can no

longer smell or taste anything. And so instead of going continuing to chase after the sea hair, they're spinning all their time, first of all, trying to clean the stuff off, and in total confusion, and like you know, you suddenly have these major senses that you use to navigate and to hunt, like suddenly gone. You're you're basically paralyzed until you can like figure out how to get get rid of this stuff. I mean, this seems extremely effective, yes,

does it? I mean, who's their owl? Who's there owl? That's a good question. You know what, I don't know, I don't know. Probably humans, yeah, for sure, because we're just like, yeah, whatever, we're the owl. We're technically the sort of horned owls of the world in terms of just finding a way to best all animals at their defenses, which sounds like a compliment, but I don't mean it

that way. I'm with great power, great responsibility, which we have completely squandered in right, were no spider Man's were no spider Man's um. Yeah, so it's it's really really interesting. Sing Before we move on to the next section, just

a couple of honorable mentions. Vultures. There's this fact what I see spread around that vultures vomit at predators or or potential threats because they don't have that many real predators, but they can get threatened, especially like vultures who live on continental African compete like with other scavengers for food. But they actually don't projectile vomit, or there's not that much evidence that suggests they like projectile vomit on their rivals or their enemies in order to like get vomit

on them. It's actually just like to lighten the loads so that they can escape. So if they're back, why you know, like like hyenas or lions or some some competitor who's trying to attack them. When they're feeding on carrion, they will vomit, which makes them able to fly better because they you know, they ingested incredible amount of this carrion and typically it would make them more sluggish flyers,

but you know they vomited. It probably distracts the the the enemy for a while too, because it you know, it's like, oh, hey, vomit. And you know how much animals love to slurp it vomits. Oh my dog loves it. And just one more honorable mention. I think I've mentioned this before on the show. The Scandinavian field fair birds are these communal birds who will protect their nests and youngs from ravens by dive vombing them with poop. Wow, that's awesome. Yeah, it's you know, it's a it's a

pretty crappy defense, but I mean that in a good way. Uh. And like the poop And I feel like I've mentioned this recently, but whatever, you can hear it again. The poop is actually slightly caustic and it will break up the oil on a raven's feathers, and those oils on

feathers are actually really important for flight. Being able to fly keeps the feathers organized in such a way that they basically remain sort of like a solid feather, like you know, like if you take a feather and you get it messed up, like if you if you take a bird feather and you put like soap on the soapy water, then it like it all separates, all the all the little filaments on the feathers separate. Uh. So

that basically happens. So until the raven can get away, Like if they continue to get pooped on, they are their life is actually in danger because it may make them incapable flight until they dry off and get more oil on their feathers, which makes them very vulnerable to predators. So they do not want to be in this situation. So it's an extremely effective defense a community of people crapping on their enemies. So their enemy is the raven. Yeah. Yeah,

birds fight other birds all the time. I just feel like that's some mean girl stuff. That's like, hey, raven, I'm gonna screw up your feathers, poop on your feathers. It's like to be fair though. To be fair, though, the ravens probably are trying to prey on their nestlings, their babies, though Okay, well fine, it's justified. You can poop on someone who's trying to eat your babies. Yeah yeah, inserts the raven joke right here. But yeah, So we've

talked about animals who use stink as a weapon. Let's talk about animals who use squeak as a weapon. That's that's just my way of saying animals who use their vocalizations as a way to ward off predators or anybody who has given them a hard time. And the first one I want to talk about I definitely have talked about on the show before, but it bears repeating often and I love it so much. It's one of my favorite things. It's the desert rain frog, which one of

my favorite animals. They are so cute. They are a frog that lives on the coast of South Africa and Mabia and they are only about the length of a finger, but they are very round. They're just little. They they look like blow up like balls. They look inflated. They look like you took a little uh toy frog, I guess, and just and it was made out of rubber and you just blew it up. If you poked it, it would explode. Yes, actually I will, I will say that

there are toads that do explode. And this happens when ravens and crows figure out that they figure out, these birds figure out to how to like they love like a certain organ inside of the toads and they will eat it. And but they just like basically poke a hole in the toad and eat that one organs they like and leave the rest of them alone and then brutal. So then then the toads will just explode when they like like basically fill up with air. And that is

a horrifying way. That's just a side note. But um so these guys, even though they look like they're they're like little balloons that are about to explode, they they're not. They're they're fine. And so they don't hop because they're so round. They just waddle and they burrow into sand and try to absorb as much moisture as they can in these sands along the coast. And when they're threatened, they squeak very mad, very big mad at you, and don't we all you know, that's one I can relate to.

I will squeak, yeah, just an angry squeak too. So people know to mess with me. Well, here is the squeak of an angry desert rain frog. It's the cutest angry sound I've ever heard. I was expecting something a little more vicious. That was delightful. I know, Like if if this little desert rain frog was angry squeaking at me because I was getting close to it, it just would make me want to hug it more and be

like no, no, no, yeah. I mean, here's this little blobby ball of a toad like waddling around and squeaking so cute. I think this would have the opposite effect of its intention. I mean, I assume other animals just want to pick him up and squeeze them. It must work. It must work if if these the species is still alive, it must work in some manner, even if animals just feel sorry for it and leave it alone. That's what

it is. It's so sad. I mean, looks skunks have a good life, but these little frogs have a They have a bad life. They have a tough life. It's hard to be so cute and adorable, you know, aggressive, Yeah, yeah, it's hard to be cute and scary. Another animal that is cute but must try to be scary are owl chicks burrowing owl chicks, So burrowing owl chicks will mimic the sound of an animal much scarier than they are. So you could say that owls, well, that ends well

for these baby owls. More at eleven Beautiful Poetry. Now, I do want to retract a statement I made, which was owls are terrifying, because these owls are extraordinarily cute, especially these chicks. They look like if fran Leebowitz was a small chick, Like they just have a They have a look on their face that is like I don't want to I don't want to mess with you. They

look grumpy but cute. They are like middle school goths, I think is that fair to say, where they're like little babies, you know, like middle schoolers are are little babies. I'm sorry to any middle school schoolers listening, but you are cute little babies to me. And they have like this dark eyeliner around their face, and they kind of have this like sort of like grumpy expression, but they're so cute and they're black nails, you know. Yeah, yeah,

they're just nobody understands me. It's like, oh, yeah, your body understand you need a baby, yeah, and it's that with a fluffy body, just like a fluffy, fuffy, fluffy body, so cute. I apologize to the world's middle school golfs. Your your your feelings are very valid, but you're also very cute. Yea, And no disrespect because look, I was a wanna be middle school golf I tried, but it just came off dorky. That's the best. That is the best though. So they are burrowing owls live on the

American continent in grasslands and deserts. They are little owls who like to burrow. The name is it's right, it's right there in the name of people there. So because they're relatively small, they're so like I would say, um, they don't grow any bigger than like under a foot. Now, they must be the cutest owl species five dollar foot long birds. But the the smallest owl in the world

is actually called the elf owl. Uh. It is found in uh in Texas, and it is another it's not actually a burrowing owl, but it likes to desert habitats and they like to live in woodpecker holes and inside cactus holes. And they are they you know, fit in the palm of your hand. I've really come around on owls. I spent all this time thinking they were kind of scary, kind of creepy, and I could watch these burrowing owl pictures.

There is there's a video. There's a video. I'll try to find it and included in the show notes, but there's a video of someone releasing rehabilitated burrowing owls into

the wild. And they they use a tube basically, I believe they have like a tube that goes into the ground is as a um temporary burrow shelter for them to use, and they just like put the owl in the tube, put the owl in the tube, and like the owls are very grumpy looking, and so they're just sort of like nudging their little tushies until they go inside of the tube. It's so funny. It's so cute. That's what makes them so good. They just have this

permanent furrowed brow, a permanent angry scowl. But they're so small and cute it's hard to take them seriously. So the little ones, the the nestling owls, have a bit of a problem because they're small and cute and probably very delicious to predators, so toward them off the baby owl lets pretend to be a big scary rattle steak by making a sound I'll play for you right now. It's scary, right, that's terrifying. And it sounds like, what does that sound come out of their mounts? I mean

they're not necessarily their mouths, but like that, they're they're there. Yeah, that's a terrifying sound. And I just can't square it with this picture. I'm looking at grumpy chicks. It's like, I take it back. They're not like middle school goths. They are like middle schoolers who listen to metal and but like dressed like a total dork. And but then like we'll try to like a sing along with metal

songs and go like like you know, death throttle. And then you look and it's this cute little kid with a rollie backpack in a black This might be this might be getting slightly autobiographical for me. You are the burrowing owl. It's me. It's me, me and middle school.

I do have to note to the listener because they don't get to see this, but Anna has just brought the pepper onto the screen with the little cone and it is I can The dog is like looking at me like saying, look, look what she's done to me. She hates it so much. Can you believe this? What I've been She's turned me into like a satellite dish? Can you believe this? And I tried to get her like a and a kind cone because it's a little softer,

soft cone. She freaking hates it. Yeah, I wish, I wish all the listeners could see this, because she does look like an ice cream cone. So another animal, who is sorry? Another animal I think is very cute. This one's a little the threatening uture of the animals is a little more um tangible is elephants. They are big

and beefy, but they are really interesting, intelligent animals. Um and they because they are so intelligent, they learn about threats in their environment, and they actually have ways to communicate uh, the these these ideas, these warnings to other elephants, and in fact, elephants actually have a specific angry swear

word for humans, oh my god, because we're the worst. No. Researchers have found that African elephants have a specific low rumbling call that they make to warn their cohorts about the presence of humans. Because human poachers and farmers often shoot elephants, they learn to see humans as a potential soull threat, so much so it seems they have a

specific called just to say, oh humans, Oh I love elephants. Man, They're just some nice animals who are doing their best to stay away from humans and not getting their respect they deserve. No I do, I mean it's it's there's something like humbling about the fact that elephants like are so are so aware of our shenanigans that they're just

like they they have. I call it a swear word because even though technically there's no scientific classification of like swear words that like an elephant would use to me a word that's like oh a human that is responded to by all the elephants, like fleeing the area, that's a swear word. That's an elephant swear word. Word. You don't want to get called that if you're an elp fit right right, your your mother is a human like

the biggest insult. If you're an elephant, definitely never forget it. Porcupines. Porcupines are most famous for using their spines as a defense when they're mad, but they also squeal to let

you know they are unhappy, especially females. If like a male is bugging her and trying to mate with her, and she does not want anything to do with him, like she has nothing to worry about, because, like porcupines, consent is like vital for porcupines, because a male physically cannot mate with a female unless she wants them to, because she will need to roll up her her tail and so that her spines roll backwards so the male

can mount her without being impaled by her spines. But if she's getting annoyed by a male continually trying to seduce her, she will just start telling at him. So here are some squeals. I believe this is an angry female telling a male to piss off. Okay, yeah, yeah, I can hear the exasperation in her voice where she's just like, come on, yeah, it sounds less like angry and more just like yeah, I know, right, just like okay, alright, I get it now. Buzz off clients are just so relatable.

Also relatable are screaming hairy armadilla's. I mean, don't you have days when you just feel like a screaming hairy armadillo every day? Every day? Always harry and um in my head. I'm always screaming, always screaming, screaming internally when when Japan, because Japan did a much better job of getting coronavirus under control, Like when they opened up their theme parks, I think like they were like people had to wear masks and also they had a sign that said,

like please scream internally. Um yeah, like like by screaming, you're like, you know, spitting out spit. So they want people to like scream internally, and like I feel that so much. I feel it. It's like the theme of this pandemic. Just scream internally. We're all feeling well, screaming. Harry. Armadillos scream externally as well. They are found in South America, and if you pick one up, they start shrieking like a man drake, you know the whole mythos. Yes, a

man drake. It's in Harry Potter, it's in folklore, you know. It starts screaming, screaming. Harry, Armadillos are like real life man dreaks um And I believe I've talked about these on the show, but again I think that these they're just it's I love the indignation of these guys, So I think it's worth hearing it again. So they're not particularly social, so it's unlikely that the scream is an alarm call to warn their buddies. It's probably just a

car alarm effect. So by by shrieking like this, they are attracting the attention of other animals. So if you have a smaller predator who's probably afraid of larger predators or competition, and this car alarm starts going off in the form of this screaming hairy armadillo, you might want to like get out of there before someone else shows up. So here's what it sounds like. That is also a

cute sound, but I hear the anger in them. Yeah, it sounds it sounds like a It sounds very much like a car alarm to me, like an angry car alarm. It really does. I wonder if man breaks, like the mythology of Man Drake's come from these screaming hairy armadillos. You think it would. I don't. I'm not sure because I think because these are found in South America. I wonder if there's like a man Drake legend that does

originate in South America, the European one, I would. I bet it's just because sometimes plant roots have that human look. So we actually talked about that um last time on the pot about her idolia, where you see shapes, particularly human shapes, and things that uh have ambiguous patterns. So like, if you've ever seen a particularly like messed up root or piece of ginger, ginger for me, like sometimes looks

like little people, freaks me out. Or like carrots, carrots that are like growing in your backyard and gets all weird and twisted, like sometimes they look like little people because it looks like they have legs and arms, their little legs twisted like yeah, they're sitting exactly crossed, and so probably like you know, these these uh ancient Europeans picked up some like like root vegetable, it looked like a little human. They're like, yep, that's a demon. Yeah,

it's definitely a demon. Yep, there that there's a demon. That's what I do whenever I find a carrot, a weird shaped carrot. Now this is the work of the devil. Oh yeah, yeah, and it happens all the time. I love carrots. I'm constantly eating devil carrots exactly. I mean that's you know, have you ever seen a rabbit um possessed by Satan because of all the devil carrets that they destroy. Right, and that's I mean, who hasn't seen a rabbit possessed by Satan? Right? You look at a

rabbit with its beady little eyes. Yeah, those are Satan. I don't trust them. I don't trust they don't never trust the rabbit. They're deeply involved in the occult. Yeah, and they're always so anxious. And I feel like it's because of the guilt coming out it come and out

of magician's hats. You know that that's occult stuff. Yeah, So what do you do when you're just you're just a little boop in in nature, just a little a little cutie out there and mother in cruel mother nature with not too many defenses to your name, and you're small, and maybe you're even delicious um, and you've got a predator. It's like, you know, you look pretty edible. Yeah, you just you gotta bluff sometimes you just have to. You gotta lie, you gotta say like, no, actually, I'm the

scariest thing in the world. And this is called dimatic behavior or startled display, also known as bluffing. So this is when an animal uses a posture or behavior to bluff about. It's the offensive capabilities. It's like a cat arching its back and puffing up to appear larger. Uh, it doesn't necessarily mean the animal is defenseless and can't defend itself at all, but it's overstating like how much of a threat it is to try to avoid confrontation.

So like a cat can scratch you up pretty good, but when it's arching its back and puffing up, it's trying to make itself look bigger, so that you're calculating, like whether to confront this cat, and you see this big, puffy, angry looking at and you're like, whoa, that's a big cat.

I don't want to deal with that. So um. I mean one kind of like example of this is often butterflies, moth caterpillars, even frogs will have these false eye spot There are these big color spots that look like eyes, and when they kind of put those out there, it's too startle predators to think like, oh my god, like there's these big eyes looking at me, and it's meant to scare thee way, even though you know obviously they're not real eyes, and the moth probably doesn't actually pose

any real danger to the predator. And so I want to talk about some of my favorite cases of dimatic behavior, starting with the frill necked lizard also known as the frilled dragon, one of my favorite lizards. This is found in northern Australia and southern New Guinea. It's got a big attitude and big face flaps. I feel like having big face flaps is always a good good thing when you have a big attitude. Oh yeah, yeah, because it's kind of like you're wearing a big head dress. Yeah,

it's just like demands attention. It's it's big Martin van Buren energy with with the you know, the side the side burns that go all the way down to the neck. It's like very mutton chop, but like powerful, powerful mountain powerful mutton chops that just go out like several feet like that. That to me like that sort of big Martin van Buren energy. I just want to give you some credit for that analogy, because I was like, oh, yeah,

Martin van Buren, I kind of see that. But I googled him and was reminded just how intense his yes, cheek flaps are his button chops. They don't just hang, they fly out from either side of his face like a lizard, right exactly. And when he was threatened in the Senate, he does actually push out his mutton chops and rattles them, shakes them while shrieking, and that does ward off this predatory senators. Yes, yeah, of course. So

this frill necked lizard is relatively long. It's just under three ft long including the tail, so it's a little under a meter long. It's you know, it's not like a small lizard. But but that is including its tail. And it's not like it's not beefy, it's not like muscular, so it's pretty skinny. It's relatively scrawny, so it's still vulnerable to predators. It lives in trees and it eats insects and small mice. But like, let's let's cut the bs. I know what everyone's here for. It is for the

face frills, the neck frills. They have big flaps of skin all around their throat which they can spread like an umbrella when they feel threatened. So what they'll do is you, you you you anger, one of these guys. You scare them, they will do it. Pull a Jurassic Park like that little that little dinosaur that got really mad at Newman. They will open their mouths, which actually the inside of their mouths are like bright yellow um and then their frill has this bright orange and red color

to make it visually stunning. So it's just like suddenly, boom, big colorful umbrella opening up, meant to startle predators. So this neckbrella, as I like to call it, is supported by cardial that is connected to the hioid bone. So we have a hyoid bone. If you feel like between like the base of your neck and your chin, you'll actually feel like it's a symmetrical bone that's actually kind of shaped like a horseshoe, so you can feel like a thick you know, be gentle, don't choke yourself, but

you can feel this bone on your neck. In these lizards, the hyoid bone is like elongated, and that those elongated hals of that hyoid bone works like umbrella spokes to help expand the frill, and then it's further supported by cartilage. So basically, you know, it's sort of sort of like an umbrella method of action. I keep calling it an umbrella. It works a bit like an umbrella. So not only is it used to fend off predators or competitors. It's also used in romance to seduce the lady. Oh, of

course worse because it's beautiful. I mean, if you're gonna get dressed up, you don't waste it. Also, something Martin van Buren would do during mating would um would flap out his sideburns romantically, and he used that to um attract females. Oh yeah, I mean you look at those sideburns in to me, I see attraction, I see seduction. Those just ray uh wyry, bushy sideburns. I think the word you're looking for is a raw sexual energy. When I think Martin van Buren, I think raw sexually. Yeah,

me too. I'm glad. I'm glad we agree on that. Yeah. Man, who wouldn't want like a sexy umbrella dance from one of these lizards. I'd be seduced. Oh it's and you know, you know this lizard can like protect you and take care of you and like in the rain, you know, use his neck frills to TechEd you in the rain. I mean, I'm in As as the history books tell us about Martin van Buren, like it was noted, he was quite a gentleman used his mutton chops to shield

ladies of the Senate from the rain. I'm joking, of course, because women weren't senators back then. Oh yeah, they weren't even allowed close to the They weren't even allowed to leave the house. So one more owl in this episode. This is the Eurasian eagle owl, who puffs up like an angry cat. Now what's interesting about this owl is

they're quite big already. Uh So, they grew up to be about two and a half feet long, which is about seventy five cimeters, and they have a wingspan as tall as a full grown human, which about six ft or one point eight meters. And they despite being relatively big, they will still use a threat display when they feel upset,

upset the spaghetti uh or when they feel threatened. So it's this is evidence that like these these dimatic displays, these these startle displays, are not just for animals that like are defenseless, like Eurasian eagle owls are are do have a lot of defenses. They are quite large, but still they want to avoid confrontation where they can so if something a larger predator is threatening them or even

another Eurasian eagle owl. They will use this defense, so you know they it's just like puffing up like a big angry cat. I do believe owls are the kitty cats of the sky. Yes, because they're so grumpy. They're perceiving them to be grumpy, and I honestly perceive I love cats, but they're grumpy. They are very grumpy. I love cats too. That does not mean that they aren't perpetually crotchety. Yeah, much like much like owls. Um I would say like owls. This is not to say that

owls make good pets. I'm sorry what Harry Potter has taught you. They're not. They're not great pets. They're not loyal, like in Harry Potter because Headwig was loyal, right, I mean, like how loyal is a cat? Take that and like cut it by like and you've got yourself an owl. But I mean, like some people do keep owls as pets.

I just personally don't think that it's a great idea because they you know, they need like a lot of space to fly around and to be able to hunt and stuff, and so I don't really think they make ideal pets. It feels a little cruel to have an owl as a pet because they live to hunt and fly. Yeah, I think that, you know, birds of prey raptors have a very like there. I don't think they crave human affection. They may enjoy, like I have definitely seen birds getting

their heads scratched and stuff. But like, um, you know, they may enjoy some of the things we can provide them, like food, shelter and like acceptable levels of head scratch ease, but there's a lot that they need, and so I think that, like, I think there's a whole thing like after Harry Potter, a lot of people wanted to keep owls as pets, and it was a big problem because they were not expecting, you know, they were expecting the kind of owl situation in the fantasy books where the

owls are magical and get you male and stuff. But I didn't just hang out in their tiny little cage that Yeah. No, I mean, like, I wouldn't say that there's no circumstance in which an owl can be kept by someone in a way that's like humane. Like, I think there's probably ways like that. You can have animal husbandry where people keep owls but they have enough space for them to fly around and like it's not like a tiny cage and stuff, and they're well aware of

their needs and stuff. But I would say in most like, oh, I want an owl in my apartment. It'll be great, it'll be just like Harry Potter. Don't do it. Yeah, And the people I know who have birds as pets, I'm thinking specifically of one friend. That bird that she has. I guess it is like a cocke cockatoo. Cockat cockatos are the ones with like little red cheeks and a little yellow on. I feel like that's what she has, and it's so social. The bird like loves her and

nuzzles her and stuff. And I'm like, yeah, that I see. But the owl I don't. Birds of prey, birds of prayer not very social parrots uh generally speaking, like pair of keats, uh, cockatiels, cockatoos highly social in fact like that. That's what's interesting to me about keeping a parrot species as pets is that they require huge amounts of attention

and affection. So like that's a whole other thing where I wouldn't say they make bad pets, but you have to think about them as a huge responsibility, not just in caring for them, but the amount of stimulation, attention, and just general entertainment that they're gonna need, I think it's probably even more than a dog. And you know how dogs need constant attention and affection like bird like some bird species like some types of cockatoos and maccaws

and parrots. I mean, like one of the most um needy of like intellectual stimulation are African gray parrots and they also, I would say often need to be kept with another uh parrot of the same species as a companion. So they are a huge, huge responsibility. I think a lot of bird owners will agree with that that they some of them like have intelligence that's similar to a toddler, so yeah, and they will act like a toddler. And they have beaks that can like crush shell um nuts

open so um, yeah you don't want to get yeah. Yeah. So it's a you know, a big responsibility, even for parents who I think can be happy with human owners if they're treated well. Um. But something like a bird of prey like an owl, I think it's not that there would there's no way to like have an owl in captivity and have it have a good life, but it's it would be. It's hard, very hard to do. Yeah, I'll stick with my dog. Yes, i will stick with a dog. And then maybe I'll get a cat and

like put little owl wings on it. Yeah, right, cat, the furrowed brow, like give them the little angry eyebrows. I mean, that's not hard with a cat. They already kind of do that. Well. One last animal to talk about before we go our fasmids, which sounds like we're gonna start ghost hunting, but really they are just stick bugs. So stick bugs are a group of insects who include things like you know the stick bug that you think of from a bug's life that just looks like a long,

thin stick. Some are green, some are brown, uh, some are actually leaf shaped, some are tiny, but some can be like the length of your forearm. So there's a huge amount of diversity within the phasmid species. And some even have wings and can fly, and some have little wings that are only used as display and they have some really interesting, uh startled display behaviors. So they do like to rely on camouflage. So the you know, like, hey, I'm a stick, like, don't bother me. They do look

very convincing. Is very much like sticks exactly, and the ones that are sort of more leaf shaped, it's like hey I'm a leaf, or like hey I'm a thorny like match, like just leave me alone, leave me alone, but ump ump. But if that doesn't work, they will resort to a startle display. So here is an example.

Peruphasma shoulta of Peru is a black stick bug, which may kind of look creepy and threatening to us because it's this jet black long bug with these bright yellowish green eyes, but you know it, it's that's doesn't necessarily translate to innate fear in animals who want to eat it, so and they are actually not threatening to humans at all.

They just like to sip on nectar. If they are threatened by a predator, they will flash their wings, which, while comically small in proportion to their body and useless for flying, they actually have this bright red coloration that can be used to startle a potential predator. So it's just like someone's trying to sneak up on you and eat you, and you suddenly turn around and you flash these red flags at them to scare them off, kind of like bulls, right, Yeah, they do the red to

make I guess it makes bulls angry. But still, something about the color red's interesting that it has this reaction in the animal kingdom. I mean it's interesting because I think with it's a bit of a myth with bulls that the color red agitates them. I think it's just the Yeah, I don't even think they can really it's like distinguish red that much from other colors. It's probably just because red is bright enough that they can see it pretty well. It's it's more the it's not specifically red.

It's just the action of the bullfighter waving something at them and agitating them. So they're just antagonizing them. Uh. Interesting, I fell for the misconception. You fell for it. You

fell for it. But but it's not like a dumb thing to think, because like bees actually do get agitated by the color red actually because red and black are very similar to them, and when they see black, they think about animals who will invade their nests, like bears or or badgers or something that have that dark coloration, and they're like, oh, this is this is gonna invade my nest. So if you wear a red shirt and you go and poke a beehive, they're gonna be be pst.

Oh that's really good too, because you know, I poke a lot of bee hives. I know it, I'll wear like yellow. Yeah, I've been meaning to talk to you about maybe not poking so many beehives. But yeah, you know, I just want to hang out with them. It's not from any malice, right, dying, I'm just trying to see what's up, basically knocking on their front door, being like, hey bees, you want to hang exactly that. They never see it that way, but that's what, right, right, Well,

you know, just keep trying. Yeah, definitely. One more thing about the proof pasma stick bugs is that they do have one defensive mechanism, which again is an irritating liquids, so that skunk. That skunk technique is so popular, So it's an irritating liquid they can spray from a gland near their heads, so they will do that if nothing

else works. Um. There are other species of basman who will accompany the flashing of colorful wings with actually rubbing the wings together, which is called stridulation, which creates a buzzing sound like a bumblebee to scare off enemies. I don't know, that's that's a little spooky. They're like, I mean, it's like angry little noisemakers, like you know how you have the like like noisemakers that like do colorful things or like clacking to like colorful fans together to to

scare something off. So it's kind of festive and menacing, menacingly festive. Yeah. Yeah, they're like little moracas. TI means spiny leaf bug nymphs. Let's talk about that. That they sound cupe down they and they are to me they sound cute. They don't look cute. I'm sorry to the insect lovers of this podcast, but I struggle with bugs. I understand, but I think they look a little cute.

Maybe I can win you over. So the nymphs, which is basically the baby version, will are They're quite small and you know, about like less than the size of like your your thumb, like half the size of your thumb. I don't actually know how big your thumb is, but you know, under an inch long little little guys. They can actually and they they can start off being quite a bit smaller too. In fact, they can be close

to the size of an ant. And because they're so small and they are potentially delicious to some sort of insectivore. They will curl up their posteriors, which makes their abdomens look round instead of the skinny kind of stick bug shape that they are, so predators will confuse them for an ant, and nobody wants to mess with ants, because you know how aunts are you like mess with one? They call their like five thousand sisters who come over and like give you a stern talking to and buy you. Yeah,

they rolled deep. Okay, I made a mistake. I think that's very cute that they curl their butt. And I Google image searched these spiny bugs and I accidentally found a giant spiny stick bug. Yeah, the adults I can see. I think they're cool, but I wouldn't describe them as cute, describe them as interesting. The giant ones are the size of a human hand, and that's that's a big bug. So spiny leaf insect adults have a little bit more money where their mouth is in terms of startle displays.

So they first of all release an odor that I guess smells like toffee, which is meant to ward off predators, but for me, it would have the opposite effect, like someone's cooking something, making some cookies. So they do have sharp spines all over their bodies and on its rear legs, so they curl up their abdomen similar to the babies, but instead of making them look like an ant, it just makes them look bigger and chunkier and more threatening.

And it's like, since they're all covered in spines, it's like displaying all these little little spikes which normally are used as a form of camouflage to make them look like a thorny branch uh and and but once they are discovered like, hey, you're not a branch, you're an insect. And they're like, ah ha, but I still have all

these thorns, so you better not bother me. And so they will basically like move their back legs like pincers as a threat display, and they do like they can't actually poke you with them, and like a thorn, they can't actually hurt you. So you know that there. It's just because it's a bit of bluffing, like overstating how dangerous they are. It doesn't mean they can't do a little bit of damage. Yeah, So they're not real pincers.

They just make it look like pincers, right, but their back legs and they're covered in spikes, so they work like, yeah, that's enough enough for me to stay away exactly Before we go, I do want to do show you this artwork that I found that is by an artist named Nicole Bannowits who does inflatable artworks. So it's like big inflatable costumes and this she has all sorts of like weird. It's like sort of organic horror sci fi looking stuff. And I'll include a link in the show notes, or

you could google Nicole Banno wits Uh. And this is called the Stinded Defense a dimatic behavior. So what we're talking about, And it's a person in like a costume that it has just a bunch of like inflatable spikes and then what looks like a scorpion singer coming off of her head. It looks a little bit like a thing from like the thing, you know, the titular thing from the thing. It looks like a kind of like an alien, yeah, like a white alien, yeah, but creature

like a like a bug, just really big. It's an uncomfortable looking costume, but it's I guess it's all inflatable, so it's not actually too spiky. But yeah, I just I love that. So this artist's work is inspired by actual evolutionary biology, so by a dimatic behavior, and she's got all sorts of art in there she think is really interesting. But yeah, I love that. I love it when artists are inspired by nature in interesting ways. I mean, they're beautiful. It is kind of spooky and scary looking

these costumes, but they're also just gorgeous. Yeah. How cool to be inspired by these like natural systems of defense. No, exactly, I love it. So that's I wanted to share that with you guys because I think it is really cool. Well, Anna, thank you so much for joining me today. This was so fun, This was so far learned so much. I feel a little more like inspired to handle my angry dog right now, because you know, she it's it's not her fault. Now, she's got like a little lizard base

flap situation going on with the phone. Yeah, just tell her she looks like Martin van Buren and she'll know, and she she'll know what I We'll take it as a compliment. Yeah, yeah, yeah, So thank you so much. Yeah, I'm glad we could work through some anger issues here. I think as you saw she's just e's in a mood. We've made a lot of progress to Yeah, well, where can people find you? You can find me on Instagram

at bad Comics with an X by Anna with two ends. Um, but if you just google bad Comics usually the first person that pops up and um, I'm on Twitter the same handle, and hit me up with your dog cone stories if you've been through this before, because I just like feel so I feel so sorry for her, you know, I just want to hell seeing her get stuff stuck in the cone is really pathetic. She's an angry little corn hole, she is, and she's a doc sin so she's already like so just chip on her shoulder. Yeah,

so stubborn. You can find me on the internet at Creature Future Pod, on Instagram at Creature feet pot onto Twitter that's f E a tenet that something very different. You can email me your listener questions Creature Feature Pod at gmail dot com and your pictures of animals. I love to see them. Thank you so much for listening. If you want to leave a rating or review that actually really really helps the podcast tells the algorithm that hey, we're a good podcast, and also I read them all

and I really appreciate it. It really makes my day when I get a nice review. So thank you so much for listening, and thanks to this Space Classics for their super awesome song Exo Alumina. Creature feature is a production of I Heart Radio. For more podcasts like the one you just heard was the I Heart Radio app Apple podcast or Hey Guess what? Or have you listen to your favorite shows? See you next Wednesday.