Welcome to brain Stuff. From How Stuff Works, Hey, brain Stuff, Lauren vogelbamb Here, water, sugar and lemon juice. The recipe for lemonade hasn't changed much in more than a thousand years. Tart or sweet, pink or yellow, clear, cloudy or carbonated. For as long as life has been handing out lemons, people the world over, from ancient Egyptians to Beyonce have
been making lemonade. The exact origin of the lemon itself has not been easy to ascertain, but new research has clarified its lineage as a sour, orange and citron hybrid. A February study in the science journal Nature reveals the discovery of fossilized leaves and the un non province of China proves citrus has been around since the late Miocene epoch, some eight million years ago. The earliest record of the precursor to lemonade hails from the Mediterranean coast of medieval Egypt.
Cush cub was made from fermented barley combined with mint, rue, black pepper, and citron leaf, and the medieval Jewish community in Cairo consumed, traded, and exported bottles of a sugary lemon juice concoction called guitarmazat through the thirteenth century. While the citron, which is like a lemon but larger with a super thick rind and not much pulper juice, was likely known by the ancient Jews and throughout the Mediterranean before the Common Era, there's no proof that lemons were
around in pre Islamic times. The mosaics of Rome and frescoes of Pompeii depict images of citrus fruits resembling lemons and oranges, but there's no paleobotanical or written evidence that they existed there. The earliest written reference to the lemon tree is in a tenth century Arabic book on farming, and in the late twelfth century, the personal physician to the Muslim leader Saladin wrote a treatise on the lemon, bringing it to the attention of a wider Mediterranean audience.
Flash forward to seventeenth century Europe. Lemonade debuted in Paris on August six thirty Made of sparkling water, lemon juice, and honey, menders sold it from tanks up to their backs. While popular across Europe, lemonade became so fashionable in Paris than sixteen seventy six, the vendors incorporated and formed a union called the Company the Lemonadiers. The lemonade craze even helped Paris fend off the plague, as we talked about
in a former episode. Britain's contribution to lemonade craze came by way of chemist Joseph Priestley, who invented an apparatus for making carbonated water. By the seventeen eighties, Johann Schwepp, a German Swiss jeweler, had developed a new method of carbonation, using a compression pump that made mass production more efficient. By the eighteen thirties, schwepps fuzzy lemonade was readily available around Europe. By the eighteenth century, lemonade had made its
way to America along with waves of European immigrants. During the Victorian era, the women's temperance movement pushed lemonade as an alternative to alcohol. One sun kissed slogan of the day read Goodbye to liquor, Here's to lemonade. From eighteen seventy seven to eighteen eighty one, the White House banned alcohol from all state dinners and other functions. Although President Rutherford Behayes made the decision himself as a way to court the Prohibition Party. Critics of the band dubbed his
wife Lucy, a renowned teetotaler. Lemonade Lucy and the Moniker Stuck and the circus has a starring role in lemonades long history. By the nineteenth century, both ice and the traveling circus had hit the scene, and both were taking off. The first known mention linking pink lemonade to the circus comes from West Virginia's Wheeling Register in eighteen seventy nine. Circus lore has many tales of how it's lemonade turned pink,
but historians find two of them the most viable. In one, a concession worker invents pink lemonade when he accidentally drops red colored cinnamon candies into a vat of regular lemonade. In proverbial the show must go on style, he serves
lemonade anyway and the people lap it up. In the other story, a harried concession worker in need of water to make a fresh batch of lemonade for an impatient line of thirsty customers, grabs the first liquid he sees and it turns out to be a tub of wash water in which a performer has just wrung out her dirty pink tights. He uses it to make his new and improved strawberry lemonade, and the crowd goes wild. Story has it that from then on sales doubled, and henceforth
no top notch circus was ever without pink lemonade. Meanwhile, the ubiquitous advice to make a lemonade out of adversity probably became famous thanks to a phrase borrowed by Albert Hubbard in nineteen fifteen for the obituary of an actor, writer, and humorist Marshall Pickney Wilder. Wilder, known for his brilliant stand up routines, was a world famous, much beloved household name during a time when jobs for people like him
could only be found in circus side shows. Standing three ft five inches tall that's a little over in meter. With a severe spinal deformity, he refused to stigmatize others or be stigmatized. Fate handed me a lemon he said, but I have made lemonade of it. Today's episode was
written by Carrie Tato and produced by Tyler Clang. I'm supposed to remind you to contain yourself in brain Stuff themed t shirts from our online shop at t public dot com slash brainstuff and of course, for more on this and lots of other refreshing topics, visit our home planet, how stuff works dot com