How the War in Ukraine Helps North Korea's Defense Industry

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Sources: 

Andrew Yeo, “Expect to See More North Korean Weapons Reach Nonstate Armed Actors in 2024,” Brookings, accessed February 6, 2025, https://www.brookings.edu/articles/expect-to-see-more-north-korean-weapons-reach-nonstate-armed-actors-in-2024/; 

Chris Panella, “North Korea’s Forces Appear to Be the Latest ‘expendable’ Army Chewed up Fighting Russia’s War against Ukraine,” Business Insider, accessed February 9, 2025, https://www.businessinsider.com/north-korea-latest-expendable-army-chewed-up-russias-war-tactics-2025-2; 

Christina Harward and Grace Mappes, “Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment,” Institute for the Study of War, February 9, 2025, https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/ukraine-conflict-updates;

John T. Psaropoulos, “North Koreans ‘Disappear’ amid Heavy Russian Casualties in Ukraine War,” Al Jazeera, accessed February 6, 2025, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/6/north-koreans-disappear-amid-heavy-russian-casualties-in-ukraine-war; 

Steve Szymanski and Joshua C. T. Keruski, “Ukraine Symposium – North Korea’s Entry into International Armed Conflict,”Lieber Institute West Point (blog), December 10, 2024, https://lieber.westpoint.edu/north-koreas-entry-international-armed-conflict/;

Tom Balmforth, “Exclusive: Ukraine Sees Marked Improvement in Accuracy of Russia’s North Korean Missiles,”Reuters, February 6, 2025, sec. Aerospace & Defense, https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/ukraine-sees-marked-improvement-accuracy-russias-north-korean-missiles-2025-02-06/; 

Youngjun Kim, “North Korea Seeks to Mirror the South’s Defense Sector Boom,” Defense News, August 6, 2024, https://www.defensenews.com/opinion/2024/08/06/north-korea-seeks-to-mirror-the-souths-defense-sector-boom/; 

“Putin Signs into Law Mutual Defence Treaty with North Korea,”Reuters, November 9, 2024, sec. Europe, https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/putin-signs-mutual-defence-treaty-with-north-korea-2024-11-09/;

 “North Korean Troops Reportedly Pulled Back from Russia-Ukraine Front Line,” Al Jazeera, February 4, 2025, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/4/north-korean-troops-reportedly-pulled-back-from-russia-ukraine-front; 

“Ukraine War Briefing: North Korean Troops Back on Frontline in Kursk, Says Zelensky,” the Guardian, February 7, 2025, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/feb/08/ukraine-war-briefing-north-korean-troops-back-on-frontline-in-kursk-says-zelenskyy;

 “Ukraine War Latest: North Korean Soldiers ‘brought in Again’ to Fight in Kursk Oblast, Zelensky Says,” The Kyiv Independent, February 7, 2025, https://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-war-latest-56/.

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