Over seven years teaching high school physics, Andy Masley learned how to explain abstract quantities like watt-hours in an accessible way. That skill has made him one of the most effective critics of the growing environmental panic over data centers. Data centers really do produce noise and air pollution, and large construction projects do occasionally disrupt nearby water supplies. But Masley worries that the current discourse is so distorted that it will produce “wild overreaches and confused...
Jun 02, 2026•58 min
I don’t know anyone who has ridden in more different kinds of robotaxis than Sophia Tung. A YouTuber and the author of the RideAI newsletter , she is one of the most knowledgeable experts on the contemporary autonomous vehicle sector. She is also our first return guest. Across multiple trips to China, Sophia has taken rides in the three leading Chinese services — Apollo Go, WeRide, and Pony. In the United States, she has spent time in vehicles made by Tesla, Waymo and Amazon’s Zoox. She describe...
May 25, 2026•54 min
I talk to Divyansh Kaushik , a Carnegie Mellon machine learning PhD turned national-security advisor at Beacon Global Strategies , about the robotics race between the US and China and why winning the race matters for national security. We dig into the state of robotic AI models—particularly vision-language-action (VLA) architectures—and why training them is harder than training LLMs. There's no internet-scale dataset of robot manipulation, so some companies are hiring humans in exoskeletons to p...
May 13, 2026•1 hr 6 min
Alex Imas is an economist at the University of Chicago Booth School who argues that the most important thing about an AI-saturated economy won’t be what machines can produce—it’ll be what humans still want from each other. Imas’s central claim, laid out in his essay “What Will Be Scarce,” is that when AI can replicate every cognitive and physical task, demand for human provenance becomes the economy’s binding constraint. He backs this up with experimental evidence: in controlled settings, people...
Apr 29, 2026•1 hr 3 min
Last week Anthropic stunned the AI world by announcing Claude Mythos Preview—and then refusing to release it. Princeton’s Sayash Kapoor, co-author of the newsletter AI as Normal Technology , joins Tim and Kai Williams to make sense of the moment. Kapoor argues that Mythos’ vulnerability-finding prowess, including unearthing a 27-year-old OpenBSD bug, fits a familiar pattern: fuzzing tools triggered similar alarm decades ago but ultimately strengthened defenders more than attackers. Kapoor’s “nor...
Apr 13, 2026•58 min
Tim talks to Nat Purser, a tech policy advocate at Public Knowledge and a veteran of Democratic campaigns, about how policymakers on the left side of the political spectrum view AI. Purser describes a Democratic landscape split between those who see AI as a real but threatening force and those who dismiss it as another crypto-style bubble. She traces how Sen. Bernie Sanders broke from the pack by treating AI as genuinely transformative—meeting with AI safety figures like Eliezer Yudkowsky and Na...
Apr 03, 2026•1 hr 18 min•Ep. 22
Author Ryan Avent joins Tim to revisit a bet they made 16 years ago —and to ask whether the lessons of self-driving cars apply to modern AI. Back in 2010, Avent wagered that his newborn daughter would never need a driver’s license thanks to self-driving cars. Tim bet she would and ultimately won $500. But he was right for the wrong reasons. Tim assumed regulation would be a major obstacle to progress in self-driving technology, but logistical challenges and a long tail of edge cases have done mo...
Mar 22, 2026•1 hr 5 min
METR’s time horizons chart has become one of the most discussed metrics in AI. It estimates the difficulty of tasks — measured in human work hours — that a model can complete about 50% of the time. By this measure, frontier models have been doubling their capabilities about once every seven months. But in this conversation, recorded on March 2, METR researcher Joel Becker explained that two most recent models at the time — Claude Opus 4.6 and GPT 5.3 — had gotten close to saturating METR’s task ...
Mar 14, 2026•58 min
Tim and Dean team up with Scaling Laws hosts Alan Rozenshtein and Kevin Frazier for a joint episode on the fight between Anthropic and the Department of Defense. In this episode, recorded on March 4, they analyze the Pentagon’s decision to declare Anthropic a supply-chain risk. Dean frames this as an assault on private property rights with no clear limiting principle, while Kevin digs into the shaky legal footing of invoking the Federal Acquisition Supply Chain Security Act of 2018 against a dom...
Mar 09, 2026•55 min
Dean joins from London after attending the AI Impact Summit in India. Dean and Tim unpack the summit’s central tension: “middle power” nations like India, Indonesia, and Nigeria pushing a vision of AI focused on public service delivery, agriculture, and affordable open-source models, while largely dismissing the frontier-AI questions Dean considers most urgent—lab auditing, recursive self-improvement, and national security. They then turn to the week’s biggest story: the Department of Defense’s ...
Feb 26, 2026•51 min
With Dean away, Tim invites his Understanding AI colleague Kai to unpack the surprising ways chatbot personalities can go wrong, a topic Kai covered in a recent article . Every LLM starts as a base model capable of playing countless characters, but AI companies try to keep chatbots in a “helpful assistant” lane. Kai walks us through the Grok “MechaHitler” debacle, in which xAI’s attempts to make its bot less politically correct backfired spectacularly. They also explore the “emergent misalignmen...
Feb 22, 2026•47 min
Dean recorded this episode as he was preparing to attend the India AI Impact Summit — the fourth iteration of an annual gathering that has transformed from an intimate AI Safety Summit with heads of state to something resembling a tech industry trade show. The shift in branding, from “safety” to “action” to “impact,” reflects a broader vibe shift in how elites talk about AI risk, and Dean worries that we may have overcorrected. Dean argues that the mainstream AI governance community is focused o...
Feb 16, 2026•1 hr 4 min
Dean Ball is back. In April 2025, Dean left the podcast to join the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, where he spent four months working on the Trump administration’s AI policies—including executive orders, the AI action plan, and AI geopolitics. He’s since returned to independent writing and research, and at the end of 2025, he and his wife welcomed their first child. In this episode, we catch up on what’s changed in AI over the past ten months. Dean makes the case that codin...
Feb 08, 2026•1 hr
This week Dean began a new job : senior policy advisor for AI in the Trump White House. I will miss having him as a co-host and wish him the best in his new role. In this episode, recorded last Friday, we speculate about how AI could change the world over the next 25 to 50 years. We discuss what makes human beings unique, whether humans can maintain control, and how we’ll find meaning in an increasingly automated world. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subsc...
Apr 16, 2025•58 min
This week, Dean and Tim talk to Charles Yang, a former staffer at the Department of Energy who now writes the Rough Drafts newsletter. Tim has written extensively about AI in science, concentrating especially on the potential of AI to transform materials science. His work has focused not just on models, but on building robotic, “self-driving” labs to accelerate scientific research. The conversation touches on the latest AI advancements in science, how AI models do and do not help scientists, and...
Apr 07, 2025•1 hr 2 min
James Grimmelmann is a professor of law at Cornell University and a leading expert on copyright law. Grimmelmann walks through the complex process courts use to determine whether training AI models on copyrighted materials—like OpenAI using New York Times articles—is infringement or fair use. He highlights key precedents like the Google Books case, emphasizing how courts weigh transformative uses against potential market harms. The discussion addresses the nuances of generative AI, notably cases...
Mar 19, 2025•53 min
Andrew Lee is the co-founder of Shortwave, an AI-powered email app. He’s also Tim’s brother. Andrew shares how Shortwave evolved from a conventional email app into a multi-LLM system that automates inbox organization, drafts messages, and performs advanced search via agentic reasoning. He explains how recent improvements in model performance have dramatically changed what is possible for an app like Shortwave. He discusses which models Shortwave uses, the tradeoffs between open and closed models...
Feb 27, 2025•1 hr 1 min
In this episode, Dean and Tim discuss Dean’s trip to Paris for the AI Action Summit, including Vice President Vance’s speech on AI. They talk through the European outlook on AI regulation, European resentment toward America, and the stark shift in policymaker attitudes toward AI safety. Then they turn to OpenAI’s new Deep Research agent, chatting about their experience with the product and reflecting on what it means for the future of policy research. This is a public episode. If you would like ...
Feb 21, 2025•1 hr 3 min
Kashmir Hill is a reporter at the New York Times who focuses on the social impacts of new technology. In this episode, she describes how users are customizing chatbots like ChatGPT to fulfill emotional and even erotic needs, often bypassing built-in safeguards. These fantasy conversations are usually harmless, but there are potential pitfalls—especially where children are involved. Kashmir also discusses about how policymakers should deal with the emergence of uncannily accurate facial recogniti...
Feb 12, 2025•52 min
Tim and Dean chat with Sophia Tung, an entrepreneur, engineer, and now YouTuber, about her recent experience in a Chinese self-driving taxi from Apollo Go, a subsidiary of Baidu. Apollo Go is a bit like China’s Waymo, but Sophia found the experience of riding in an Apollo Go taxi to be far worse than riding in a Waymo. We talk about her experience in China as well as the broader implications: is China just a few years behind American AV companies, or is there a deeper problem? This is a public e...
Feb 05, 2025•1 hr 3 min
Dean and Tim discuss DeepSeek’s r1 release and what it means. We talk export controls, whether the model is a true technical breakthrough, and what “reasoning” models like r1 and o1 mean for the pace of AI progress going forward. This is our first episode with just Dean and Tim chatting, but we hope to do more such episodes in the future. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.aisummer.org...
Jan 29, 2025•57 min
Nathan Labenz is the host of our favorite AI podcast, the Cognitive Revolution . A self-described “AI scout,” Nathan uses his podcast to explore a wide range of AI advancements, from the latest language models to breakthroughs in medicine and robotics. In this episode, Labenz helps us understand the slowdown in AI scaling that has been reported by some media outlets. Labenz says that AI progress has been “a little slower than I had expected” over the last 18 months, especially when it comes to t...
Jan 27, 2025•1 hr 19 min
Lennart Heim is an information scientist and researcher in AI governance at the RAND Corporation and a leading scholar on AI export controls. We asked him about the Biden administration’s “ diffusion framework ,” which aims to regulate the global diffusion of advanced AI chips and models. We get into all the specifics as well as the broader geopolitical implications of the framework—and whether or not the Trump administration will maintain this policy. This is a public episode. If you would like...
Jan 23, 2025•1 hr 6 min
Sam Hammond is senior economist at the Foundation for American Innovation, a right-leaning tech policy think tank based in Washington DC. Hammond is a Trump supporter who expects AI to improve rapidly in the next few years, and he believes that will have profound implications for the public policy. In this interview, Hammond explains how he’d like to see the Trump administration tackle the new policy challenges he expects AI to create over the next four years. Here are some of the key points Ham...
Jan 20, 2025•58 min
Ajeya Cotra works at Open Philanthropy, a leading funder of efforts to combat existential risks from AI. She has led the foundation’s grantmaking on technical research to understand and reduce catastrophic risks from advanced AI. She is co-author of Planned Obsolescence , a newsletter about AI futurism and AI alignment. Although a committed doomer herself, Cotra has worked hard to understand the perspectives of AI safety skeptics. In this episode, we asked her to guide us through the contentious...
Jan 16, 2025•1 hr 13 min
Nathan Lambert is the author of the popular AI newsletter Interconnects . He is also a research scientist who leads post-training at the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, a research organization funded by the estate of Paul Allen. This means that the organization can afford to train its own models—and it’s one of the only such organizations committed to doing so in an open manner. So Lambert is one of the few people with hands-on experience building cutting-edge LLMs who can talk free...
Jan 14, 2025•1 hr 1 min
Jon Askonas, an Assistant Professor of Politics at Catholic University of America, is well connected to conservatives and Republicans in Washington DC. In this December 16 conversation, he talked to Tim and Dean about Silicon Valley’s evolving relationship to the Republican party, who will be involved in AI policy in the second Trump Administration, and what AI policy issues are likely to be be prioritized—he predicts it won’t be existential risk. This is a public episode. If you would like to d...
Jan 09, 2025•1 hr 5 min
